Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (568 page)

American geologist, antiquarian and ethnographer well known as the first American to traverse the Grand Canyon by boat. In 1879 the Smithsonian Institute's Bureau of Ethnology was founded thanks to the lobbying of Powell , and he became its first Director.
[Bio.: D. D. Fowler and C. S. Fowler , 1969, John Wesley Powell , anthropologist.
Utah Historical Quarterly
, 37(2), 152–72]

 
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Powell , Thomas George Eyre
(1916–75)
[Bi].

British archaeologist with a special interest in Neolithic chambered tombs and Celtic culture. He was known by his nickname—‘Terence ’—given him by his contemporaries studying archaeology at Cambridge in the mid 1930s. He was appointed to the Rankin lectureship in Prehistoric Archaeology in the School of Archaeological and Oriental Studies in Liverpool University in 1948. From 1971 until his death he was Rankin Professor of European Archaeology. Powell served as President of the Prehistoric Society from 1970 until 1974. He was elected an FSA in March 1948.
[Obit.:
The Times
, 17 July 1975]

 
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Generalized symbolic capacity to make and make stick binding decisions on behalf of a collectivity.

 
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Small networks of individuals who, according to the interpretation of C. Wright Mills , hold concentrated power in modern societies.

 
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Pownall , Thomas
(1722–1805)
[Bi].

British politician and amateur antiquarian interested in the representation of the past. Born in Lincolnshire and educated in classics and philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, he obtained a post at the Board of Trade in 1743. In 1753 he was appointed personal assistant to the Governor of New York, and in 1755 was made Lieutenant-Governor of New Jersey. Upon returning to England in 1760 he became MP for Tregony in Cornwall. During the 1770s and 1780s he published a series of articles in
Archaeologia
and two books:
A treatise on the study of antiquities
(1782) and
An antiquarian romance
(1795). In these he explored the idea that the past can be reconstructed through the universal laws of human nature. Other themes that emerge from his writings include a concern for accuracy in recording antiquities, domestication, and the importance of separating fact from opinion. In this Pownall was one of the first to apply the ideas of the European Enlightenment to the field of archaeology.
[Bio.: B. Orme , 1974, Governor Pownall.
Antiquity
, 48, 116–24]

 
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A kind of waterproof and very strong concrete made using volcanic ash from Pozzuoli in central Italy. This kind of concrete hardens under water and was extensively used in the Roman world when making large outdoor structures such as jetties, harbour works, and water channels.

 
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