Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (354 page)

 
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Germanic people, believed to have occupied the northern part of the Danish peninsula (Jutland) at the beginning of the migration period. Some of them are traditionally said to have taken part in the invasion of Britain, and have been traced to Kent and southern England.

 
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Famous as the author of
The Sixteen Satires
, Juvenal was born in about ad 55 in Spain. He saw military service as the commander of an auxiliary unit in Britain under Agricola. He then spent most of his life in Rome cultivating social contacts. The
Satires
were published in the early second century
ad
.

 
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A deep cave extending nearly 2km into the hills of Guerrero east of Chilpancingo near the village of Colotipa. Important because of the polychrome paintings in some of the inner passages approximately 1.2km from the entrance which were discovered by art historian Gillett Griffin and retired Italian businessman Carlo Gay . The paintings are believed to date to about 1000 bc, the oldest documented in the Americas, and were done in the Olmec style, although the site lies well outside the heartland of Olmec influence. Among the images is a tall bearded figure in a red and yellow striped tunic, limbs clad in jaguar pelts, brandishing a trident-like object over a second, black-faced figure interpreted as a captive. Other motifs include the feathered serpent, jaguars, and crosses resembling St Andrew's cross. Throughout Mesoamerica, caves and caverns were held to be entrances into the underworld; this site may have been connected with secret rites celebrated by Olmec living on the edge of their domain.
[Rep.: A. K. Romne , 1973,
The Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca, Mexico
. Huntington, NY: R. E. Krieger ]

 
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Maya ceremonial centre of the late Classic period in Yucatán. The best-known structure in the centre is the Codz Poop palace, a range of buildings whose façade is covered with long-nosed masks. Little is known about the history of the site although its main occupation seems to have been in the 8th to 10th centuries
ad
, after which it was abandoned. A paved causeway or
sacbe
linked the site to the nearby city of Uxmal.
[Sum.: G. de la Barrera y Alvárez , 1950,
Chichén Itzá, Uxmal y Babah en el arte Maya
. Mexico: Secretaría de Educacion Publica]

 
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A simple turntable used in pottery manufacture in the New World.

 
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