Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (202 page)

The late Iron Age tribe living in the extreme southwest of Wales, in Pembrokeshire and Carmarthen, at the time of the Roman conquest. Settlement here was dense with moderate-sized communities living in
RATHS
and small enclosed farmsteads. By the 2nd century
ad
Roman pottery and building styles had penetrated the area, although some settlements continued through from the 1st century
bc
into the first few centuries
ad
completely unhampered.

 
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A model developed by Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza in the 1970s to account for the spread of the Neolithic package of ideas and material culture across Europe based on two factors: a rising population and random patterns of local migration. The two together create a ‘wave of advance’ that differs from colonization because the movements are not intentional, while standing apart from diffusion in the normal archaeological usage because movements of population are certainly involved.

 
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A political system that allows the citizens to participate in political decision-making, or to elect representatives to government bodies.

 
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The study of populations. See
PALEODEMOGRAPHY
.

 
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One of a number of broadly contemporary Paleo-Arctic Tradition cultures living in the extreme northwest of North America in the period 8500–7000 bc. Known mainly from chipped stone industries which include microblades, small wedge-shaped cores for making them, leaf-shaped points, scrapers, and gravers.

 
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Roman silver coin in standard use from the 3rd century
bc
through to
c.
ad 242.

 
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