Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (159 page)

 
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The major protein of bone constituting about 20 per cent by weight in fresh bone. The organic component of bone used in radiocarbon dating.

 
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A type of early and middle Bronze Age
CINERARY URN
found extremely widely in the British Isles. Although there are a range of forms, the basic characteristics include a small flat base, a conical body, and a heavy overhanging rim or collar which is usually ornamented with incised or impressed decoration. Two main body forms are represented: bi-partite vessels and tri-partite vessels. The origin of these vessels is probably to be found in the Fengate wares of the British late Neolithic
PETERBOROUGH
series. Collared urns appear around 2000 bc and are replaced by other styles of urn with continental affinities before 1500 bc. Ian Longworth provided a two-fold typological division that reflected something of the chronological development of the tradition as a whole: the ‘primary series’ and the ‘secondary series’.

 
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A deposit containing multiple burials within a single context, often the result of successive deposition over a long period of time.

 
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In medieval and early post-medieval times a college was an establishment built to house a community of secular clergy sharing a degree of common life that was less strictly controlled than that within a monastery. Colleges were often founded under patronage but financed through the income of the priests and canons within them that derived from tithes or other kinds of income from the manors and villages they served. Many colleges included an educational element to their work, and it is this which has survived down into modern times. The monastic roots of ancient colleges can be seen in their arrangement around a cloister or quadrangle, the presence of a church or chapel, and the existence of extensive accommodation and domestic offices.

 
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Collingwood , Robin George
(1889–1943)
[Bi].

British philosopher and archaeologist best known for his work on Roman Britain. Born in the Lake District, he was educated at Rugby before going up to Oxford to read Moderations and Greats at Pembroke College. From that time on, his life had two parallel tracks. Pembroke College elected him as a Fellow and Tutor to teach philosophy. His work in this area was considerable, including studies into the nature of history. This formed the subject of his inaugural lecture to the University of Oxford on 28 October 1935 and was later published as
The historical imagination
(1935, Oxford: Clarendon Press); later works on the subject include
The idea of history
(1946, Oxford: Clarendon Press) and
Essays in the philosophy of history
(1965, Austin: University of Texas Press). Meanwhile, Professor F. J.
HAVERFIELD
picked out Collingwood's artistic and archaeological interests and scholarly gifts and persuaded him to help illustrate articles on the Roman forts of northern Britain. Numerous further studies of archaeological remains followed and Collingwood developed deep expert knowledge not only of the inscriptions and topography that underpinned his early work, but the whole archaeology of the province in Roman times such as can be seen in his publications
Archaeology of Roman Britain
(1930, London: Methuen) and
Roman Britain and the English settlement
(1945, Oxford: OUP).
[Abio.: 1939,
Autobiography
, Oxford: OUP (reprinted by Penguin, 1944)]

 
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