Chinese Comfort Women (52 page)

in second lawsuit against Japan,
175

support for lawsuits of Chinese war victims,
170
,
171
-
72

Kasahara Tokushi,
17

kashizashiki
,
23
-
24

Kawada Fumiko,
17

Kim, Il-myon,
17
,
38
,
160

Kim, Jason, xix Kim Hak-sun,
1
,
160

Kim-Gibson, Dae-sil,
2

Kondō Hajime,
194
-
95

Kōno Yōhei,
161

Korea,
31
-
32
,
179
.
See also
comfort women, drafted from Japan and Korea; redress movements in South Korea for comfort women; South Korea, postwar environment for comfort women Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan,
2

Kuomintang.
See
Nationalist Party of China (Guomindang,
also
Kuomintang)

L
ary, Diana, xx,
5
-
6
,
74

The Last Survivors
(film on Yin Yulin),
118

Lei Guiying: comfort stations run by civilian proprietors under military control,
55

early life,
82
-
85

escape from comfort station,
196

experience as comfort women,
86
-
87

false job offer led to work in Gaotaipo comfort station,
11
,
46
,
81
,
85
-
86

life after liberation and death from a stroke,
88
,
197

opium use while in comfort station,
71
,
87

photograph,
81

Levinge, Mrs. Andrew,
39

Li Ao,
163

Li Guiming,
122
,
168

Li Guping,
166
-
67
,
218
n
26

Li Jigui,
122
,
123

Li Lianchun: death in 2004,
147

denied permission to attend Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal,
158

desire for justice,
147
,
197

escape from comfort station,
71
,
143
-
44
,
196
-
97

experience as comfort woman,
77
,
142
-
43
,
145

flight into the mountains,
144
,
145
,
196

husband’s goodness,
145
-
46

insistence on education for her children,
146
-
47
,
197

patriarchal sexism postwar,
158
,
197

photograph,
141
(f); Research Centre’s assistance for her grandchildren,
147

Li Menghai,
125

Li Qinsong,
144
-
45

Li Wuxiao,
120
,
122

Li Xiumei,
174
,
182

Li Xiuping,
38
-
39
,
169

Li Yalun,
136

Li Yaqian,
60

Li Yuanlin,
120

Liang Xin,
72

Lin Boyao,
168

Lin Pagong,
60

Lin Yajin: escape from comfort station,
138

experience as comfort woman,
136
-
38

hard labour for military,
135
,
136

lawsuit against Japanese government,
176
-
77

life after enslavement,
138
-
40

at opening ceremony of Chinese Comfort Women Archives,
135
(f),
156

photograph,
135
(f); physical and mental wounds of survivors,
156
-
57

testimony re. treatment by Japanese,
16
,
156

litigation by Chinese survivors against Japanese government: Chinese government’s reaction to dismissal of lawsuits,
175
,
177

class action suit filed in US,
181
-
82

defence by Japan, using Sino-Japanese peace treaty,
175
,
176
-
77
,
178
-
79

defence using statute of limitations,
174
,
178
-
79

extensive Japanese support for Chinese survivors and investigations,
171
-
72

first lawsuit, appeals, and rejection (1995-2007),
174

fourth lawsuit, appeals, and rejection (2001-10),
176
-
77

by Huang Youliang,
16
,
130
,
176

Japanese courts’ rejection of government’s arguments,
178
,
179
,
222
n
40

judgment that Japan guilty of war crimes (Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal, 2000),
182
-
83

other lawsuits by comfort women of other nationalities,
178
-
79

refuting Japanese government’s nullification defence arguments,
179
-
81

second lawsuit, appeals, and rejection (1996-2007),
174
-
75

Taiwan women’s lawsuit (1999-2005),
177
-
78

testimonies at Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal (2000),
182
-
83

third lawsuit, appeals, and rejection (1998-2005),
175
-
76

transnational groups’ investigations and support,
172
-
74

by Wan Aihua,
125

by Zhu Qiaomei,
97
See also
Japan, postwar environment for comfort women Liu Erdan,
116

Liu Guihua,
120

Liu Jianchao,
175
Liu Mianhuan, xvii-xix,
65
,
174

Liu Wanghai,
103
,
105

Longling County, Yunnan Province: Changqing Village, occupied,
144
-
45

comfort station at Dongjia-gou,
189
-
90

Longling Cultural Relics Bureau (Longling-xian wenwu guanlisuo),
189
-
90

occupation by Imperial Japanese army,
141

Lu, Mr.,
33
-
34

Lu Mingchang,
25

Lu Xiuzhen: death in 2002,
101
,
197

early life,
98
-
99

escape from comfort station,
100
-
1
,
196
-
97

funeral attended by Chen Lifei,
185
(f); at Hui’an-suo comfort station, Chongming Island,
99
-
100

lawsuit against Japanese government, filed in US court,
181
-
82

life after war,
101

photograph,
98

Research Centre’s payment for her gravestone,
101

testimony notarized by Research Centre for Chinese Comfort Women,
101

Lugou-qiao (Marco Polo Bridge) incident (1937),
27

M
a Yingjiu,
163

MacKinnon, Stephen, xx,
5
-
6
,
74

Magee, John,
7
-
8

Manba Shitomi,
31

Manchuria,
10
,
12
,
21

Manzhouguo,
21

Mao Yinmei,
173
(f) Marco Polo Bridge (Lugou-qiao) incident (1937),
27

Matsui Yayori,
188

Matsuoka Tamaki,
17

McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk,
182

McDougall, Gay J.,
164
-
65
,
180
-
81

Miyazawa Kiichi,
161

Motooka Shōji,
160
,
185
-
86

Mukden (or Manchurian) Incident (1931),
21

Murayama Tomi’ichi,
162

Museum of Sexual Slavery by Japanese Military (South Korea),
188

Mutunga, Willy,
182

N
agano Shigeto,
162

Nakashita Yūko,
176

Nan Erpu,
154
-
55
,
158
,
175
-
76

Nanjing Massacre (Rape of Nanjing) (1937): brutality of,
27
-
28

China’s representative

case before IMTFE,
153

comfort stations in Nanjing,
34

deaths of Chinese citizens,
28
,
203
n
37

expansion of comfort station system after massacre,
10
,
29
-
33

pleas from refugees to International Committee of the Nanjing Safety Zone,
28

rapes during massacre,
28
,
203
n
39

National People’s Congress (NPC. Quanguo renmin daibiao dahui),
167

Nationalist Party of China (Guomindang,
also
Kuomintang): Committee for Investigating the Enemy’s War Crimes,
158
-
59

fighting in Second Sino-Japanese War,
21
-
22
,
27
-
28
,
35
,
102
,
108

military tribunals post-WWII,
154

Netherlands, on Japan’s responsibility for comfort women system,
184

Ni Jincheng,
90
,
92
-
93

Nishino Rumiko,
17
,
173

Nishiyama (Japanese officer),
105
-
6
,
192
-
93

O
kabe Naozaburō,
25
-
26
,
29

Okamoto Kenzō,
48
-
49

Okamura Yasuji,
26
,
72
,
202
n
24
Ōmori Noriko,
17
,
171
,
172
,
174
,
175

One Hundred Thousand Comfort Women (Shiwan weianfu
) (Li Xiuping),
169

Onodera Toshitaka,
17
,
171
-
72
,
173
,
176
-
77

Operation Destroy All (Japanese,
jinmetsu sakusen
),
35
,
154
,
204
n
3

Oyama Fumio,
29

Oyama Hiroshi,
18
,
171
,
172

Ōyama Isao,
27

P
alisades Park, New Jersey, monument to comfort women (2012), xix-xx Pan Shizhi,
73

People’s Republic of China.
See
China Philippines: recommendation urging Japan to accept responsibility for comfort women system,
184

testimonial accounts in English by former comfort women,
2
;
War Crimes on Asian Women: Military Sexual Slavery by Japan during World War II: The Case of the Filipino Comfort Women
(Sancho),
2

Price, John,
181
,
222
n
41

A Proposed Law for the Timely Resolution of the Issues Concerning the Victims of Wartime Forced Sexual Slavery (Senji seiteki kyōsei higaisha mondai no kaiketsu no sokushin ni kansuru hōritsu an),
185
-
86

Q
ian Qisen,
167
-
68

Qiao Hongnian,
30
-
31
,
45

Qin Gang,
177

Qin-Hua Rijun baoxing zonglu
(Collection of investigative records of the atrocities committed by the Japanese forces during Japan’s invasion of China),
15
,
22

Qiu Peipei,
14
,
17
-
18

Qiu Siyi,
110

r
ansom: of comfort women,
11
,
73
,
74
,
92
,
112

of Liu Mianhuan, xviii,
65

recruiting comfort women.
See
comfort women, “recruiting” redress movements:
baoxinglu
(Chinese publications on atrocities),
15
-
16

Center for Research and Documentation on Japan’s War Responsibility (JWRC),
3
,
17

discrimination, ostracism, poverty of comfort women postwar, xix,
5
,
13
,
77
,
154
-
56
,
158

English publications of testimonies by former comfort women,
1
-
3

initiated in early 1990s, xix,
1

museums and memorials to commemorate comfort women,
188
-
90

source materials for current book,
13
-
18

Taipei Women’s Rescue Foundation in Taiwan,
163
,
186

Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal (2000),
182
-
83
.
See also
litigation by Chinese survivors against Japanese government;
entries beginning with
redress movements redress movements in China for comfort women:
baoxinglu
(Chinese publications on atrocities) in response to Japanese denials,
15
-
16

difficulties due to Japanese military’s destruction of records at end of WWII,
5
,
153
,
169
,
199
n
19

financial aid for survivors,
186
-
87

growth of movement,
168
-
69

individual victims not just comfort women,
166

individual victims’ rights to claim compensation,
165
-
67