Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents (43 page)

BOOK: Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents
7.9Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
Chapter Twenty-Eight: Democracy on the Ballot

purging tens of thousands of voters
:
“Republican Voter Suppression Efforts Are Targeting Minorities, Journalist Says,” National Public Radio, October 23, 2018,
https://www.npr.org/​2018/​10/​23/​659784277/​republican-voter-suppression-efforts-are-targeting-minorities-journalist-says
.

rejecting IDs that didn’t
:
“At least nine states have a policy like Georgia’s where citizens can be removed from the voter registration list for not voting in past elections. The best known is Ohio’s. In that state, the removal process is triggered for anyone who doesn’t vote in a single election. The entire removal process takes six years. Earlier this year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Ohio’s policy is in line with the National Voter Registration Act.” Johnny Kauffman, “6 Takeaways From Georgia’s ‘Use It or Lose It’ Voter Purge Investigation,” National Public Radio, October 22, 2018.

Chapter Twenty-Nine: The Price We Pay for a Caste System

“Ten grand?”
:
“True Cost of US Healthcare Shocks the British Public,”
PoliticsJOE,
December 3, 2019,
https://m.youtube.com/​watch?v=Kll-yYQwmuM
.

“Few industrialized economies”
:
Chait, “The Color of His Presidency.”

There are more public mass shootings
:
Nurith Aizenman, “Deaths from Gun Violence: How the U.S. Compares with the Rest of the World,” National Public Radio, November 9, 2018,
https://www.npr.org/​sections/​goatsandsoda/​2018/​11/​09/​666209430/​deaths-from-gun-violence-how-the-u-s-compares-with-the-rest-of-the-world
.

the maternal mortality rate
:
Munira Z. Gunja et al., “What Is the Status of Women’s Health and Health Care in the U.S. Compared to Ten Other Countries?” Commonwealth Fund, December 19, 2018,
https://www.commonwealthfund.org/​publications/​issue-briefs/​2018/​dec/​womens-health-us-compared-ten-other-countries
; Ashley Welch, “U.S. Women Pay More, Fare Worse During Pregnancy and Childbirth, Global Health Study Finds,” CBS News, December 19, 2018,
https://www.cbsnews.com/​news/​us-women-more-likely-to-die-during-pregnancy-than-other-high-income-nations/
.

The life expectancy in America
:
Selena Gonzales, Marco Ramirez, and Bradley Sawyer, “How Does U.S. Life Expectancy Compare to Other Countries?”
Health System Tracker,
December 23, 2019,
https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/​chart-collection/​u-s-life-expectancy-compare-countries/​#item-le_life-expectancy-in-years-at-given-age-2017_dec-2019-update
.

Infant mortality
:
Christopher Ingraham, “Our Infant Mortality Rate Is a National Embarrassment,”
Washington Post,
September 29, 2014,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/​news/​wonk/​wp/​2014/​09/​29/​our-infant-mortality-rate-is-a-national-embarrassment/
; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Infant Mortality Rates,” 2020,
https://data.oecd.org/​healthstat/​infant-mortality-rates.htm
.

American students score
:
Joe Heim, “On the World Stage, U.S. Students Fall Behind,”
Washington Post,
December 6, 2016,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/​local/​education/​on-the-world-stage-us-students-fall-behind/​2016/​12/​05/​610e1e10-b740-11e6-a677-b608fbb3aaf6_story.html
.

eighteenth in happiness
:
Josh Fiallo, “U.S. Falls in World Happiness Report, Finland Named Happiest Country,”
Tampa Bay Times,
March 20, 2019,
https://www.tampabay.com/​data/​2019/​03/​20/​us-falls-in-world-happiness-report-finland-named-happiest-country/
.

“As Usual”
:
Annie Lowrey, “As Usual, Americans Must Go it Alone,”
Atlantic,
March 19, 2020,
https:// www.theatlantic.com/​ideas/​archive/​2020/​03/​america-woefully-underinsured/​608035/
.

“To a watching world”
:
Simon Tisdall, “US’s Global Reputation Hits Rock-Bottom Over Trump’s Coronavirus Response,”
Guardian,
April 12, 2020,
https://theguardian.com/​us-news/​2020/​apr/​12/​us-global-reputation-rock-bottom-donald-trump-coronavirus
.

“This is a civilization”
:
Gary Michael Tartakov, in discussion with the author, International Conference on Caste and Race, at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, May 5, 2018.

Epilogue: A World Without Caste

“The worst disease is”
:
Jerome and Taylor,
Einstein on Race,
pp. 144–45.

“bowing and scraping”
:
Ibid., p. 32.

Einstein, learning of this
:
Matthew Francis, “How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism,”
Smithsonian Magazine,
March 3, 2017,
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/​science-nature/​how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/
.

“Being a Jew myself, perhaps”
:
Einstein to Peter Bucky, quoted in Jerome and Taylor,
Einstein on Race,
p. 151.

children of black faculty
:
Ken Gewertz, “Albert Einstein, Civil Rights Activist,”
Harvard Gazette,
April 12, 2007,
https://news.harvard.edu/​gazette/​story/​2007/​04/​albert-einstein-civil-rights-activist/
.

“The separation of the races”
:
Jerome and Taylor,
Einstein on Race,
p. 88.

“He hates race prejudice”
:
Ibid., p. 9.

228 years to amass the wealth
:
Dedrick Asante-Muhammad et al., “The Ever Growing Gap,” Institute for Policy Studies, August 2016,
https://ips-dc.org/​wp-content/​uploads/​2016/​08/​The-Ever-Growing-Gap-CFED_IPS-Final-1.pdf
.

“It’s all too easy to imagine”
:
Smith,
Less Than Human,
p. 16.

“Caste is not a physical object”
:
Ambedkar,
Annihilation of Caste,
p. 74.

“We must make every effort”
:
Francis, “How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism”; Jerome and Taylor,
Einstein on Race,
p. 144.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abraham, Joshil K., and Judith Misrahi-Barak.
Dalit Literatures in India
. London: Routledge, 2018.

Alexander, Michelle.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
. New York: New Press, 2010.

Allen, James.
Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America
. Santa Fe, N.M.: Twin Palms, 2000.

Allen, Theodore W.
The Invention of the White Race,
2 vols., 2nd ed. London: Verso, 2012.

Ambedkar, Dr. B. R.
Annihilation of Caste: The Annotated Critical Edition
. Edited by S. Anand. London: Verso, 2014.

———
.
Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis, and Development
. Columbia, S.C.: LM Publishers, 2020.

Anderson, Carol.
White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide
. New York: Bloomsbury, 2016.

Arora, Namit.
The Lottery of Birth: On Inherited Social Inequalities
. New Delhi: Three Essays Collective, 2017.

Aston, Nathan M.
Literature of Marginality: Dalit Literature and African-American Literature
. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 2001.

Astor, Gerald.
The Baseball Hall of Fame 50th Anniversary Book
. New York: Fireside, 1992.

Bailey, Anne C.
The Weeping Time: Memory and the Largest Slave Auction in American History.
Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Bailey, Thomas Pearce.
Race Orthodoxy in the South and Other Aspects of the Negro Question.
New York: Neale, 1914.

Baker, Ray S.
Following the Color Line: American Negro Citizenship in the Progressive Era
. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Baldwin, James.
The Fire Next Time
. 1963; reprint New York: Vintage International, 1993.

Banaji, Mahzarin R., and Anthony G. Greenwald.
Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People.
New York: Delacorte Press, 2013.

Bancroft, Frederic.
Slave Trading in the Old South
. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

Baptist, Edward E.
The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism
. New York: Basic Books, 2016.

Berreman, Gerald D.
Caste and Other Inequities: Essays on Inequality
. Meerut, India: Folklore Institute, 1979.

Berry, Daina Ramey.
The Price for Their Pound of Flesh: The Value of the Enslaved, from Womb to Grave, in the Building of a Nation
. Boston: Beacon Press, 2017.

Blackmon, Douglas A.
Slavery by Another Name: The Re-enslavement of Black People in America from the Civil War to World War II.
New York: Doubleday, 2008.

Bleser, Carol, ed.
Secret and Sacred: The Diaries of James Henry Hammond, a Southern Slaveholder
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Bogle, Donald.
Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, & Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films
. New York: Bloomsbury, 2016.

Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo.
Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States
. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.

Bouglé, Célestin C.
Essays on the Caste System
. Translated by D. F. Pocock. 1908; reprint Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Bressey, Caroline.
Empire, Race, and the Politics of Anti-Caste
. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.

Brown, John.
Slave Life in Georgia: A Narrative of the Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, a Fugitive Slave, Now in England
. Edited by L. A. Chamerovzow. London: British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 1855.

Brown, Michael K., Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, and David B. Oppenheimer.
Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

Brown, William Wells.
Narrative of the Life of William Wells Brown, a Fugitive Slave
. Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, No. 25 Cornhill, 1847.

Brustein, William.
The Logic of Evil: The Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925–1933.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

Cash, Wilbur J.
The Mind of the South
. New York: Knopf, 1941.

Childers, Thomas.
The Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.

Clark, Tena.
Southern Discomfort: A Memoir
. New York: Atria Books, 2018.

Coates, Ta-Nehisi.
We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy
. New York: One World/Ballantine, 2017.

Cox, Oliver Cromwell.
Caste, Class, and Race: A Study in Social Dynamics
. New York: Doubleday, 1948.

Darity, William, and Ashwini Deshpande, eds.
Boundaries of Clan and Color: Transnational Comparisons of Inter-Group Disparity
. London: Routledge, 2003.

Dass Namishray, Mohan.
Caste and Race: A Comparative Study of B.R. Ambedkar and Martin Luther King.
Jaipur, India: Rawat, 2003.

Davis, Allison, Burleigh B. Gardner, and Mary R. Gardner.
Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1941.

Delbanco, Andrew.
The War Before the War: Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for America’s Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War
. New York: Penguin, 2019.

Deshpande, Satish.
The Problem of Caste
. Hyderabad, India: Orient BlackSwan, 2014.

DiAngelo, Robin J.
White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk about Racism
. Boston: Beacon Press, 2018.

Dollard, John.
Caste and Class in a Southern Town
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1937.

Douglass, Frederick.
My Bondage and My Freedom
. Oxford World’s Classics, edited by Celeste-Marie Bernier. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

———
.
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave: Written by Himself,
critical ed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2016.

Douglass, Paul F.
God Among the Germans
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1935.

Doyle, Bertram Wilbur.
The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South: A Study in Social Control
. 1937; reprint New York: Schocken, 1971.

Dray, Philip.
At the Hands of Persons Unknown
. New York: Modern Library, 2003.

Du Bois, W.E.B.
Black Reconstruction in America: Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880.
New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1935.

———
.
The Souls of Black Folk
. Chicago: McClurg & Co., 1903.

Dutt, Yashica.
Coming Out as Dalit
. New Delhi: Aleph Book Co., 2019.

Eberhardt, Jennifer L.
Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do
. New York: Viking, 2019.

Entman, Robert M., and Andrew Rojecki.
The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America.
Edited by Susan Herbst and Benjamin I. Page. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

Fischer, Klaus P.
Hitler and America
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

Foner, Eric.
Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877.
New York: HarperCollins, 2011.

Fredrickson, George M.
The Arrogance of Race: Historical Perspectives on Slavery, Racism, and Social Inequality
. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1989.

———
.
Racism: A Short History
. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.

———
.
White Supremacy: A Comparative Study of American and South African History
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Friedlander, Saul.
Nazi Germany and the Jews,
vol. 1:
The Years of Persecution 1933–1939
. New York: HarperCollins, 1998.

Fromm, Erich.
The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil
. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Gilens, Martin.
Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Gillespie, Andra.
Race and the Obama Administration: Substance, Symbols and Hope
. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 2019.

Goodell, William.
The American Slave Code in Theory and Practice: Its Distinctive Features Shown by Its Statutes, Judicial Decisions, and Illustrative Facts
. London: Salisbury, Beeton & Co., 1853.

Graves, Joseph L.
The Race Myth: Why We Pretend Race Exists in America
. New York: Plume, 2004.

Gross, Ariela J.
What Blood Won‘t Tell: A History of Race on Trial in America.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008.

Hacker, Andrew.
Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal
. New York: Scribner, 1992.

Hale, Grace Elizabeth.
Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890–1940.
New York: Pantheon, 1998.

Heimannsberg, Barbara, and Christoph J. Schmidt.
The Collective Silence: German Identity and the Legacy of Shame
. Translated by Cynthia O. Harris and Gordon Wheeler. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013.

Hett, Benjamin C.
The Death of Democracy: Hitler’s Rise to Power and the Downfall of the Weimar Republic.
New York: Henry Holt, 2018.

Hicks, Paul D.
Joseph Henry Lumpkin: Georgia’s First Chief Justice.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2012.

Horne, Gerald.
The End of Empires: African Americans and India
. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008.

Hunt, Raymond G., and Benjamin Bowser.
Impacts of Racism on White Americans
. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications, 1996.

Hunter, William W.
The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products.
London: Trübner & Co., 1886.

Ignatiev, Noel.
How the Irish Became White
. New York: Routledge, 1995.

Jacobson, Matthew F.
Whiteness of a Different Color
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Jardina, Ashley.
White Identity Politics
. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Jerome, Fred, and Rodger Taylor.
Einstein on Race and Racism.
New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2006.

Jones-Rogers, Stephanie E.
They Were Her Property: White Women as Slave Owners in the American South.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019.

Jordan, Winthrop D.
White over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550–1812.
Durham: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.

Kakel, C.
The American West and the Nazi East: A Comparative and Interpretive Perspective.
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

Kannabirin, Kalpana.
Non-Discrimination and the Indian Constitution.
New Delhi: Routledge, 2012.

Kasinitz, Philip.
Caribbean New York: Black Immigrants and the Politics of Race
. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Katznelson, Ira.
When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2006.

Kelley, Blair L. M.
Right to Ride: Streetcar Boycotts and African American Citizenship in the Era of
Plessy v. Ferguson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

Kendi, Ibram X.
Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America.
New York: Nation Books, 2016.

Kevles, Daniel J.
In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity
. New York: Knopf, 2013.

Koonz, Claudia.
The Nazi Conscience
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Kühl, Stefan.
The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Landrieu, Mitch.
In the Shadow of Statues: A White Southerner Confronts History
. New York: Viking, 2018.

Lang, Berel.
Race and Racism in Theory and Practice
. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.

Lasch, Christopher.
The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations
. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991.

Levi, Primo.
The Drowned and the Saved
. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.

Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt.
How Democracies Die
. New York: Broadway Books, 2018.

Lipsitz, George.
The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics
, rev. ed. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006.

Litwack, Leon F.
Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
. New York: Knopf, 1998.

———
.
Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow.
New York: Vintage, 1999.

Logan, Rayford.
The Betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson
. New York: Collier, 1965.

López, Ian Haney.
White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race
. New York: NYU Press, 1997.

Luxenberg, Steve.
Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America’s Journey from Slavery to Segregation
. New York: W. W. Norton, 2019.

Manu, and Patrick Olivelle.
The Law Code of Manu
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Marsh, Jason, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, and Jeremy A. Smith, eds.
Are We Born Racist?: New Insights from Neuroscience and Positive Psychology.
Boston: Beacon Press, 2010.

Matory, J. L.
Stigma and Culture: Last-Place Anxiety in Black America
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.

Metzl, Jonathan M.
Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment Is Killing America’s Heartland
. New York: Basic Books, 2019.

Other books

Tracker by C. J. Cherryh
Trust (Blind Vows #1) by J. M. Witt
Slave To Love by Bridget Midway
Crusader's Cross by James Lee Burke
A Fresh Start for Two by Keira Montclair
Vendetta in Death by J. D. Robb
KNOX: Volume 2 by Cassia Leo
Rumors and Promises by Kathleen Rouser