Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar (57 page)

21.
   Ian Holliday, “Beijing and the Myanmar Problem,”
Pacific Review
22:4 (2009), 479–500.

22.
   Woodman notes, for instance, that during imperial annexation “British policy in Upper Burma was geared to the calculations of what the Chinese would, or could do on their side.” Dorothy Woodman,
The Making of Burma
(London: Cresset Press, 1962), pp.4–5. Also see pp.247–95.

23.
   J. K. Fairbank, “A Preliminary Framework,” in J. K. Fairbank, ed.,
The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s Foreign Relations
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), 1–19.

24.
   Johnstone,
Burma’s Foreign Policy
, pp.56–7.

25.
   Donald M. Seekins, “Burma-China Relations: Playing with Fire,”
Asian Survey
37:6 (1997), 525–39.

26.
   Bertil Lintner,
The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB)
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1990).

27.
   International Crisis Group,
China’s Myanmar Dilemma
, Asia Report No.177, September 14, 2009. Jürgen Haacke, “China’s Role in the Pursuit of Security by Myanmar’s State Peace and Development Council: Boon and Bane?,”
Pacific Review
23:1 (2010), 113–37.

28.
   Seekins, “Burma-China Relations,” pp.531–3. Rosemary Foot,
Rights beyond Borders: The Global Community and the Struggle over Human Rights in China
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). Ming Wan,
Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Relations: Defining and Defending National Interests
(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001). Lai-Ha Chan, Pak K. Lee and Gerald Chan, “Rethinking Global Governance: A China Model in the Making?,”
Contemporary Politics
14:1 (2008), 3–19.

29.
   EarthRights International,
China in Burma: The Increasing Investment of Chinese Multinational Corporations in Burma’s Hydropower, Oil and Natural Gas, and Mining Sectors
(Chiang Mai: EarthRights International, 2008). International Crisis Group,
China’s Myanmar Strategy: Elections, Ethnic Politics and Economics
, Asia Briefing No.112, September 21, 2010.

30.
   Kachin Development Networking Group,
Damming the Irrawaddy
(No place: Kachin Development Networking Group, 2007). Kachin Development Networking Group,
Resisting the Flood: Communities Taking a Stand against the Imminent Construction of Irrawaddy Dams
(No place: Kachin Development Networking Group, 2009).

31.
   Bo Kong, “The Geopolitics of the Myanmar-China Oil and Gas Pipelines,” in Edward Chow, Leigh E. Hendrix, Mikkal E. Herberg, Shoichi Itoh, Bo Kong, Marie Lall and Paul Stevens,
Pipeline Politics in Asia: The Intersection of Demand, Energy Markets, and Supply Routes
(Seattle, WA: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2010), 55–65, pp.57, 64.

32.
   Global Witness,
A Conflict of Interests: The Uncertain Future of Burma’s Forests
(London: Global Witness, 2003). Global Witness,
A Choice for China: Ending the Destruction of Burma’s Northern Frontier Forests
(London: Global Witness, 2005). Global Witness,
A Disharmonious Trade: China and the Continued Destruction of Burma’s Northern Frontier Forests
(London: Global Witness, 2009).

33.
   EarthRights International,
China in Burma: The Increasing Investment of Chinese Multinational Corporations in Burma’s Hydropower, Oil and Natural Gas, and Mining Sectors
(Chiang Mai: EarthRights International, 2008).

34.
   International Crisis Group,
China’s Myanmar Dilemma
, pp.25–6. International Crisis Group,
China’s Myanmar Strategy
, pp.14–15. Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
Listening to Voices from Inside: Ethnic People Speak
(Phnom Penh: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, 2010), pp.57–8.

35.
   David Bachman, “Domestic Sources of Chinese Foreign Policy after Deng,” in Shalendra D. Sharma, ed.,
The Asia-Pacific in the New Millennium: Geopolitics, Security, and Foreign Policy
(Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 2000), 33–51, p.49.

36.
   Nicholas R. Lardy, “The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment in China’s Economic Transformation,”
China Quarterly
143 (1995), 1065–82. S. Gordon Redding,
The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism
(Berlin: De Gruyter, 1990).

37.
   Ruben Gonzalez-Vicente, “China’s Engagement in South America and Africa’s Extractive Sectors: New Perspectives for Resource Curse Theories,”
Pacific Review
24:1 (2011), 65–87.

38.
   Eunsuk Hong and Laixiang Sun, “Dynamics of Internationalization and Outward Investment: Chinese Corporations’ Strategies,”
China Quarterly
187 (2006), 610–34.

39.
   International Crisis Group,
China’s Myanmar Dilemma
.

40.
   Holliday, “Beijing and the Myanmar Problem.”

41.
   Renaud Egreteau,
Wooing the Generals: India’s New Burma Policy
(New Delhi Authors Press, 2003).

42.
   Pavin Chachavalpongpun,
A Plastic Nation: The Curse of Thainess in Thai-Burmese Relations
(New York, NY: University Press of America, 2005).

43.
   Egreteau,
Wooing the Generals: India’s New Burma Policy
(New Delhi: Authors Press, 2003).

44.
   John Bray,
Burma: The Politics of Constructive Engagement
(London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995).

45.
   Jürgen Haacke,
Myanmar’s Foreign Policy: Domestic Influences and International Implications
(Abingdon: Routledge, 2006), pp.41–60.

46.
   Lee Jones, “ASEAN’s Albatross: ASEAN’s Burma Policy, from Constructive Engagement to Critical Disengagement,”
Asian Security
4:3 (2008), 271–93.

47.
   Jürgen Haacke, “ASEAN and Political Change in Myanmar: Towards a Regional Initiative?,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia
30:3 (2008), 351–78.

48.
   Christopher Roberts,
ASEAN’s Myanmar Crisis: Challenges to the Pursuit of a Security Community
(Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009). Jürgen Haacke, “The Myanmar Imbroglio and ASEAN: Heading Towards the 2010 Elections,”
International Affairs
86:1 (2010), 153–74.

49.
   Julio Santiago Amador III, “Community Building at the Time of Nargis: The ASEAN Response,”
Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs
28:4 (2009), 3–22. Jürgen Haacke, “Myanmar, the Responsibility to Protect, and the Need for Practical Assistance,”
Global Responsibility to Protect
1:2 (2009), 156–84.

50.
   Pavin Chachavalpongpun and Moe Thuzar,
Myanmar: Life after Nargis
(Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2009). ASEAN Secretariat,
A Humanitarian Call: The ASEAN Response to Cyclone Nargis
(Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2010).

51.
   Kazuo Tamayama and John Nunneley,
Tales by Japanese Soldiers: Of the Burma Campaign 1942–1945
(London: Cassell, 2000).

52.
   Michio Takeyama,
Harp of Burma
(Rutland, VT: Tuttle, 1966). Seekins,
Burma and Japan since 1940
, pp.47–51.

53.
   Seekins,
Burma and Japan since 1940
, p.59. Also see Patrick Strefford, “How Japan’s Postwar Relationship with Burma was Shaped by Aid,”
Asian Affairs
41:1 (2010), 35–45.

54.
   Mikio Oishi and Fumitaka Furuoka, “Can Japanese Aid Be an Effective Tool of Influence? Case Studies of Cambodia and Burma,”
Asian Survey
43:6 (2003), 890–907, p.898.

55.
   David I. Steinberg, “Japanese Economic Assistance to Burma: Aid in the
Tarenagashi
Manner?,” in Bruce M. Koppel and Robert M. Orr, Jr. eds,
Japan’s Foreign Aid: Power and Policy in a New Era
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993), 135–62.

56.
   Seekins,
Burma and Japan since 1940
, pp.94–7.

57.
   Oishi and Furuoka, “Can Japanese Aid Be an Effective Tool of Influence?,” p.899.

58.
   Seekins,
Burma and Japan since 1940
, pp.88–148.

59.
   Steinberg, “Japanese Economic Assistance to Burma,” p.158.

60.
   Haacke,
Myanmar’s Foreign Policy
, pp.83–95.

61.
   Tomás Ojea Quintana, “Human Rights Situations that Require the Council’s Attention: Progress Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar,” Human Rights Council, Thirteenth Session, March 10, 2010. A/HRC/13/48.

62.
   Australian Council for Overseas Aid,
Axe-handles or Willing Minions? International NGOs in Burma
, December 1997. Note ii lists the INGOs that went into Myanmar in the mid-1990s.
www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/purcellpaper.htm
.

63.
   3DF is successor to the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which withdrew from Myanmar in August 2005 following political pressure from activist groups and the US Congress. International Crisis Group,
Myanmar
, p.4.

64.
   International Crisis Group,
Myanmar
, p.4.

65.
   Karl Dorning, “Creating an Environment for Participation: International NGOs and the Growth of Civil Society in Burma/Myanmar,” in Trevor Wilson, ed.,
Myanmar’s Long Road to National Reconciliation
(Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006), 188–217, pp.197–9.

66.
   UNOPS,
Myanmar Operations Centre (MMOC).
www.unops.org/english/whatwedo/locations/asiapacific/myanmar-operations-centre/pages/myanmaroperationscentre.aspx
.

67.
   The figures come from Myanmar Information Management Unit, and are cited by the Three Diseases Fund.
www.3dfund.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=54
.

68.
   Alex de Waal,
Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa
(Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997), p.1.

69.
   Sadako Ogata,
The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s
(New York, NY: W. W. Norton and Company, 2005), p.25.

70.
   David P. Forsythe,
The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p.171.

71.
   For a case study, see Save the Children in Myanmar,
Disaster Preparedness Program
, May 2009.
www.hapinternational.org/pool/files/save-children-in-myanmar-disaster-preparedness-program-case-study-may-2009.pdf
.

72.
   Back Pack Health Worker Team,
Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma
(No place: Back Pack Health Worker Team, 2006). Support for this work linking public health and human rights comes from a team at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. An emblematic Mobile Obstetric Maternal Health Workers Project, or MOM Project, focuses on training maternal healthcare workers in ethnic nationality areas. Cathy Shufro, “Borderline Health,”
Johns Hopkins Public Health
, Fall 2008.
http://jhsphmag.nts.jhu.edu/2008/Fall/features/borderline_health/
.