Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar (48 page)

98.
   Cecil Hobbs, “Nationalism in British Colonial Burma,”
Far Eastern Quarterly
6:2 (1947), 113–21.

99.
   Lintner,
Burma in Revolt
, p.33.

100.
 Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper,
Forgotten Armies: Britain’s Asian Empire and the War with Japan
(London: Penguin, 2005), p.13.

101.
 Andrew Selth, “Race and Resistance in Burma, 1942–1945,”
Modern Asian Studies
20:3 (1986), 483–507, pp.490–1.

102.
 Selth, “Race and Resistance in Burma.” Jon Latimer,
Burma: The Forgotten War
(London: John Murray, 2004).

103.
 Maung Maung,
Burma’s Constutition
, pp.57–61.
Adipati
, a Burmese term, comes close in meaning to the German
Führer
or the Spanish
caudillo.
Ba Maw rose to prominence as Saya San’s lawyer in 1931, and was nationalist premier of Burma 1937–39. His memoir covers the full period of warfare and occupation. Ba Maw,
Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of a Revolution, 1939–1946
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968).

104.
 Selth, “Race and Resistance in Burma,” p.498. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
.

105.
 Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, pp.433–4.

106.
 Louis Allen,
Burma: The Longest War, 1941–45
(London: J. M. Dent, 1984).

107.
 Some of the soldiers’ stories are reproduced in Kazuo Tamayama and John Nunneley,
Tales by Japanese Soldiers of the Burma Campaign 1942–1945
(London: Cassell, 2000).

108.
 Alice Thorner, “British ‘Blue Print’ for Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
14:10 (1945), 126–8. Furnivall, “The Future of Burma.”

109.
 Hugh Tinker, “Burma’s Struggle for Independence: The Transfer of Power Thesis Re-examined,”
Modern Asian Studies
20:3 (1986), 461–81, p.465.

110.
 Josef Silverstein, “The Other Side of Burma’s Struggle for Independence,”
Pacific Affairs
58:1 (1985), 98–108, p.104.

111.
 Supreme Council of the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League, May 16–23, 1946, cited in Silverstein, “The Other Side of Burma’s Struggle for Independence,” p.105.

112.
 G. Appleton, “Burma Two Years after Liberation,”
International Affairs
23:4 (1947), 510–21, p.515.

113.
 Yasmin Khan,
The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).

114.
 Tinker, “Burma’s Struggle for Independence.”

115.
 Angelene Naw,
Aung San and the Struggle for Burmese Independence
(Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2001). Matthew J. Walton, “Ethnicity, Conflict, and History in Burma: The Myths of Panglong,”
Asian Survey
48:6 (2008), 889–910.

116.
 Sir Raibeart M. MacDougall, “Burma Stands Alone,”
Foreign Affairs
26:3 (1948), 542–53, p.546. The assassins were employed by former Premier Saw, a rival for power who was convicted of the crime and hanged at Insein Prison, Rangoon in May 1948.

117.
 Josef Silverstein, “Politics in the Shan State: The Question of Secession from the Union of Burma,”
Journal of Asian Studies
18:1 (1958), 43–57. Maung Maung,
Burma’s Constutition
, pp.167–92.

118.
 Hugh Tinker, “Nu, the Serene Statesman,”
Pacific Affairs
30:2 (1957), 120–37, p.125.

119.
 E. Burke Inlow, “The Constitution of Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
17:22 (1948), 264–7.

120.
 Josef Silverstein,
Burmese Politics: The Dilemma of National Unity
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1980), p.50.

121.
 Selth, “Race and Resistance in Burma.” Thant Myint-U,
The Making of Modern Burma
, pp.253–4. Mary Callahan, “Myanmar’s Perpetual Junta: Solving the Riddle of the Tatmadaw’s Long Reign,”
New Left Review
60 (Nov/Dec 2009), 26–63, pp.38–40.

122.
 Thant Myint-U,
The Making of Modern Burma
, p.254.

123.
 Thant Myint-U,
The Making of Modern Burma
, p.254.

124.
 Furnivall,
An Introduction to the Political Economy of Burma
, p.xiii.

125.
 Julie Pham, “Ghost Hunting in Colonial Burma: Nostalgia, Paternalism and the Thoughts of J. S. Furnivall,”
South East Asia Research
12:2 (2004), 237–68. Englehart, “Liberal Leviathan or Imperial Outpost?.”

Chapter 2

1.
     Sir Raibeart M. MacDougall, “Burma Stands Alone,”
Foreign Affairs
26:3 (1948), 542–53.

2.
     Virginia Thompson, “The New Nation of Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
17:7 (1948), 81–4, p.84.

3.
     Manning Nash,
The Golden Road to Modernity: Village Life in Contemporary Burma
(New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1965), p.1.

4.
     William L. Scully and Frank N. Trager, “Burma 1978: The Thirtieth Year of Independence,”
Asian Survey
19:2 (1979), 147–56, p.148.

5.
     John F. Cady, “Conflicting Attitudes toward Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
15:2 (1946), 27–31. J. R. Andrus, “The Agrarian Problem in Burma,”
Pacific Affairs
19:3 (1946), 260–71. Clarence Hendershot, “Burma Compromise,”
Far Eastern Survey
16:12 (1947), 133–8. J. S. Furnivall, “Twilight in Burma: Reconquest and Crisis,”
Pacific Affairs
22 (1949), 3–20. J S Furnivall, “Twilight in Burma: Independence and After,”
Pacific Affairs
22:2 (1949), 155–72. J S Furnivall, “Burma, Past and Present,”
Far Eastern Survey
22:3 (1953), 21–6. Also see Angelene Naw,
Aung San and the Struggle for Burmese Independence
(Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2001).

6.
     Hugh Tinker, “Nu, the Serene Statesman,”
Pacific Affairs
30:2 (1957), 120–37. Also see Louis J. Walinsky “The Rise and Fall of U Nu,”
Pacific Affairs
38:3/4 (1965–66), 269–81; U Nu,
U Nu, Saturday’s Son
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975); Hugh Tinker, “Burma: The Politics of Memory,”
Pacific Affairs
49:1 (1976), 108–13.

7.
     F. S. V. Donnison,
British Military Administration in the Far East 1943–46
(London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1956), p.369.

8.
     Tinker,
The Union of Burma
, p.27.

9.
     Cited in G. Appleton, “Burma Two Years after Liberation,”
International Affairs
23:4 (1947), 510–21, p.519.

10.
   Furnivall, “Twilight in Burma,” pp.156–7.

11.
   Maung Maung,
The 1988 Uprising in Burma
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1999), p.10.

12.
   John F. Cady, “The Situation in Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
22:5 (1953), 49–54, p.50.

13.
   Virginia Thompson, “Burma’s Communists,”
Far Eastern Survey
17:9 (1948), 103–5.

14.
   Andrew Selth, “Race and Resistance in Burma, 1942–1945,”
Modern Asian Studies
20:3 (1986), 483–507.

15.
   Bertil Lintner,
Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994), pp.1–19.

16.
   Mary P. Callahan,
Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003), p.114.

17.
   J. S. Furnivall, “Communism and Nationalism in Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
18:17 (1949), 193–7.

18.
   Maung Maung, “Burma Looks Ahead,”
Pacific Affairs
25:1 (1952), 40–8.

19.
   Edward M. Law Yone and David G. Mandelbaum, “Pacification in Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
19:17 (1950), 182–7, p.187.

20.
   Edward M. Law Yone and David G. Mandelbaum, “The New Nation of Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
19:18 (1950), 189–94, p.194.

21.
   Callahan,
Making Enemies
, p.144.

22.
   Norman Lewis,
Golden Earth: Travels in Burma
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1952).

23.
   Josef Silverstein, “Politics, Parties and National Elections in Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
25:12 (1956), 177–84. Lee S. Bigelow, “The 1960 Election in Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
29:5 (1960), 70–4. Richard Butwell and Fred von der Mehden, “The 1960 Election in Burma,”
Pacific Affairs
33:2 (1960), 144–57.

24.
   Mya Maung, “The Burmese Way to Socialism Beyond the Welfare State,”
Asian Survey
10:6 (1970), 533–51.

25.
   Frank N. Trager,
Building a Welfare State in Burma, 1948–1956
(New York, NY: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1958).

26.
   Kyaw Yin Hlaing, “Associational Life in Myanmar: Past and Present,” in N. Ganesan and Kyan Yin Hlaing (eds),
Myanmar: State, Society and Ethnicity
(Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies/Hiroshima Peace Institute, 2007), 143–71, pp.150–5.

27.
   Nash,
The Golden Road to Modernity
.

28.
   Maung Maung, “Pyidawtha Comes to Burma,”
Far Eastern Survey
22:9 (1953), 117–19, p.117.

29.
   Janet Welsh, “Burma’s Development Problems,”
Far Eastern Survey
25:8 (1956), 113–22, p.122.

30.
   Hugh Tinker,
The Union of Burma: A Study of the First Years of Independence
(London: Oxford University Press, 1957), p.388. In editions of his book issued in 1959 and 1961, Tinker kept the evaluation intact.

31.
   Cady, “The Situation in Burma,” pp.50–1. Neil A. Englehart, “Is Regime Change Enough for Burma? The Problem of State Capacity,”
Asian Survey
45:4 (2005), 622–44, pp.624–8.

32.
   Lucian W. Pye,
Politics, Personality, and Nation Building: Burma’s Search for Identity
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962). Kyaw Yin Hlaing, “Power and Factional Struggles in Post-independence Burmese Governments,”
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
39:1 (2008), 149–77, pp.151–7.

33.
   Manning Nash, “Party Building in Upper Burma,”
Asian Survey
3:4 (1963), 197–202.

34.
   Hugh Tinker, “Burma’s Northeast Borderland Problems,”
Pacific Affairs
29:4 (1956), 324–46.