Brontës (190 page)

24.
PBB, THE LIFE of Field Marshal the Right Honourable ALEXANDER PERCY, vol ii, 3 June–17 Nov 1835: MS p.7, Brotherton [Neufeldt, ii, 164]. For the existence of a third volume, now lost, see VN
Bib
, 37.

25.
PBB, THE LIFE of Field Marshal the Right Honourable ALEXANDER PERCY, vol ii, 3June–17 Nov 1835: MS p.16, Brotherton [Neufeldt, ii, 1836].

26.
PBB, ‘How fast that Courser fleeted by', 18 Dec 1835: MS BS 118, pp.2–10, BPM [VN
PBB
, 380–8]. This poem is an early draft of ‘Misery. Scene 1st' which Branwell sent on 8 April 1836 for publication in
Blackwood's Magazine
: see below, p.285–6. Branwell produced Angrian prose and poetry virtually every month throughout 1836 and 1837: VN
Bib
, 9–21, 155.

27.
PBB to the Editor of
Blackwood's Magazine
, pm 8Dec 1835: MS 4040 p.3, NLS [
L&L
, i, 133–4]. Branwell left a space to insert the day of the month but the letter is post-marked 8December. On the first page he says ‘I have addressed you twice before, and now I do it again'.

28.
Ibid., pp.2–3.

29.
See, for example, the letter of ‘Solomon Timms' to the editor asking him to publish a piece by his nephew and offering ‘to stand any loss under a five-pound note; for, as I said before, money's no object':
BM
, xl (June 1840), 795.

30.
CB to EN, 2July 1835: MS HM 24408 pp.2–3, Huntington [
LCB
, i, 140]. The quote is from Psalms, 16 v.6.

31.
Jane Eyre, for example, becomes a school-mistress under the aegis of her cousin, St John Rivers, after her marriage to Rochester is prevented: CB,
Jane Eyre
, 359ff. Similarly, Paul Emanuel gives Lucy Snowe her own school before he leaves for the West Indies and is lost at sea: CB,
Villette
, 604ff.

32.
On 9 July 1835 Marianne Wooler had married Thomas Allbutt after his promotion from curate to vicar of Dewsbury after John Buckworth's death in April.

33.
PB to Mrs Franks, 6July 1835: MS BS 184 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, i, 141].

34.
WG
EB
, 53 says that Charlotte and Emily shared a bed but does not state her source. The incidents of ‘late talking' during Charlotte's own school-days suggest that teachers slept apart from the pupils but it is possible that Charlotte had a bed in the same dormitory as she refers to being disturbed by the young ladies coming in for their curl papers: CB, ‘All this day I have been in a dream' [RHJ], 11 Aug–14 Oct
1836: MS Bon 98(8) p.4, BPM [Glen, 455].

35.
ECG,
Life
, 177 quoting M. Heger.

36.
The Gondals were already discovering the interior of Gaaldine in EJB/AB, Diary Paper, 24 Nov 1834: see above, p.257. At much the same time the Verdopolitans were moving into Angria, implying that the Gondal stories had reached a similar level of sophistication.

37.
CB, ‘All this day I have been in a dream' [RHJ], 11 Aug–14 Oct 1836: MS Bon 98(8) p.2, BPM [Glen, 453]. Albeit purporting to relate to a single day, this ms is dated ‘Friday August 11th' in minuscule at the top (11th was actually a Thursday) and ‘October 14th 1836' in longhand at the end.

38.
Chitham,
A Life of Emily Brontë
, 87 suggests that the view was ‘a soft and leafy prospect, but it was not moorland'. This is not entirely true. The valleys, where they were not industrialized, were certainly heavily wooded but the hill tops, especially in the distance, were open moorland. These wild, uncultivated and sparsely populated moors around Huddersfield and Mirfield were the meeting place for several generations of malcontents from Luddites to Plug Rioters and Chartists.

39.
CB, Prefatory Note to A Selection of Poems by Ellis Bell, 1850: EJB,
Wuthering Heights
, 370.

40.
CB, ‘My Compliments to the weather' [RHJ], [
c
. Mar 1837]: MS Bon 98(6) pp.1–2, BPM [Glen, 459].

41.
On 23 October Emily drew some rough sketches of cattle which are totally unlike anything in the Roe Head copy-book style, suggesting that she was now at home: HAOBP:P.Br. E4 and E4v, BPM [A&S nos.314 and 315]. Anne was probably at Roe Head by 27 October when she drew the first of several studies of trees; the second was kept by Miss Wooler: AB, pencil drawings, ‘Oak Tree', 27 Oct 1835, and ‘An Elm Tree', 13 Nov 1835: HAOBP:P.Br. Bon 15 and A4, BPM [A&S nos.337 and 338]. Alone of her family Anne seems to have tired of the imaginary worlds, writing in 1845 ‘We have not yet finished our Gondal Chronicles that we began three years and a half ago. When will they be done? … The Gondals in general are not in first-rate playing condition': AB, Diary Paper, 31 July 1845: MS in private hands [JB
BLL
, 133]. I am grateful to William Self for sending me a photocopy of this ms and allowing me to quote from it.

42.
CB to EN, 5–6Dec 1836: MS Bon 162 p.1 postscript at top of page, BPM [
LCB
, i, 156]; CB, ‘My Compliments to the weather' [RHJ], [
c
. Mar 1837]: MS Bon 98(6) p.7, BPM [Glen, 462]. ECG,
Life
, ed. C.K. Shorter (London, 1905), 147 n.1describes the prize book, which I have been unable to locate, as Isaac Watts,
On the Improvement of the Mind
(Dove's English Classics, 1826) inscribed ‘Prize for good conduct. Presented to Miss A Brontë with Miss Wooler's kind love. Roe Head, December 14 1836.'

43.
PB to Mrs Franks, 6July 1835: MS BS 184 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, i, 141].For indications of family affection for her see the 3 pictures of ruined towers drawn by her siblings and the lock of her hair preserved by her father: PBB, pencil drawings, ‘For Anne Bront¯e', 17 Nov 1828, and ‘Copy – For Anne Bront¯e', 23 Feb 1829: HAOBP:P.Br. B3 and B4, BPM [A&S nos.184, 188]; CB, pencil drawing, ‘for Anne x A Copy': HAOBP:P.Br. C2, BPM [A&S no.9]; PB, note accompanying plait of AB hair, 22 May 1833: MS BS 171, BPM.

44.
MT to ECG, 18 Jan 1856: MS n.l. [Stevens, 160].

45.
For Ann Cook see CB, ‘I'm just going to write because I cannot help it' [RHJ], [Oct 1836]: MS Bon 98(7) p.1, BPM [Glen, 456]; For Elizabeth and Harriet Upton see CB to EN, 26 Sept 1836: MS Bon 161 p.3, BPM [
LCB
, i, 152]; Miss Caris, whom Charlotte ‘always found … an intelligent though never an agreeable pupil' CB to EN, 28 Mar 1848: MS Bon 199 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 43]. Ellen Cook, Miss Lister and Miss Marriott are mentioned in CB, ‘All this day I have been in a dream' [RHJ], 11 Aug 1836: MS Bon 98(8) p.2, BPM [Glen, 452]. Ann and Ellen Cook, daughters of Thomas Cook, a merchant and banker of Dewsbury, were baptized in June 1825 and on 5 Dec 1827 respectively: Pigot & Co,
National Commercial Directory
(1828–9), 921–2; Yorkshire IGI. There were still only 7 pupils in 1841 when the school had relocated to Dewsbury Moor and was run by Catherine and Eliza Wooler who are respectively described as having independent financial means and being a governess: Census Returns for Dewsbury, 1841.

46.
CB, ‘About a week since' [RHJ], n.d., MS Bon 92 p.1, BPM [Glen, 465]. Christine Alexander,
A Bibliography of the Manuscripts of Charlotte Brontë
([Haworth], 1982), 21 dates this fragment to October 1837 but Northangerland's daughter was dead by September 1836; Charlotte revived her, however, so the fact that she is still Zamorna's wife and living at Zamorna Palace when she received her father's letter from his exile may be irrelevant.

47.
CB, prose continuation of ‘We wove a web in childhood', 19 Dec 1835: MS HM 2578 pp.5–6, Huntington [VN
CB
, 170]. Though the content of both poem and prose continuation imply this ms was written at Roe Head it is clearly signed and dated at the end ‘C Brontë Haworth 1835'.

48.
Ibid., pp.2–3 [VN
CB
, 166–7].

49.
BO
, 24 Sept 1835 p.269. Haworth had occasionally disputed the imposition of church rates by Bradford since the seven-teenth century but, exacerbated by national politics, it became a regular annual confrontation in 1835–42: for a detailed analysis see Michael Baumber, ‘The Haworth Church Rate Controversy',
Yorkshire Archaeological Journal
, 75 (2003), 115–28.

50.
The family quarrel is discussed in Sarah Fermi, ‘A “Religious” Family Disgraced':
BST
:20:5:289–95. Joseph Greenwood was the only Anglican member of his family (the others were all Baptists), purchasing a single seat in pew 25 in the north gallery of Haworth Church: Joseph Whitehead, Pew Receipt for Joseph Greenwood, 13 May 1840: MS note in Baptisms (to 1813), Haworth. I am grateful to Sarah Fermi for this reference. Joseph was also the only Tory. The Lord Lieutenant's agent reported that he had voted for Mr Wortley when the rest of his family voted for the victorious Whig candidate, Lord Morpeth: ‘This may be taken as an indication of his politics – and I should think his recommendation by Mr Heap and Mr Bronte a good security for his general respectability': Mr Atkinson to Earl of Harewood, 4 Jan 1836: MS in Harewood Papers, Lieutenancy Papers, Box 1, WYAS, Leeds.

51.
BO
, 24 Sept 1835 p.269. The church rates paid for the bellringers, singers and salaries of the two clerks as well as the purchase of such necessities as coal and candles to heat and light the church, communion wine and robes for the minister and his clerks. They were also supposed to pay for repairs and maintenance of the church building and graveyard. Much dissension was caused at the meeting by the disclosure that expenses under ‘sundries' included ‘a bottle of wine here and another there, when the church-wardens had their meetings'.

52.
Earl of Harewood to PB, 1Oct 1835, and PB to Earl of Harewood, 6 Oct 1835: MSS in Harewood Papers, Lieutenancy Papers, Box 1, WYAS, Leeds [
LRPB
, 103 n.3, 103]. I have been unable to locate Patrick's letter of 23 September referred to in the Earl's letter of 1October.

53.
PB to Henry Heap, 26 Dec 1835: MS in Harewood Papers, Lieutenancy Papers, Box 1, WYAS, Leeds [
LRPB
, 105].

54.
Henry Heap to Earl of Harewood, 28 Dec 1835: MS in Harewood Papers, Lieutenancy Papers, Box 1, WYAS, Leeds [
LRPB
, 106 n.2].

55.
Justices' Qualification Oaths, 1819–37: MS in WYAS, Wakefield. I am grateful to Sarah Fermi for this reference.

56.
The population of Haworth chapelry, which included Stanbury and Oxenhope rose from 5835 in 1831 to 6303 in 1841: Page,
Victoria History of the County of York
, iii, 533; Burials, Haworth. Patrick personally baptized 23 children on 21 July 1834, 20 on 19 July 1835, 20 the next day and 16 on each of 18, 19 and 20 October 1835: Baptisms, Haworth. In response to a tract advocating adult baptism by Moses Saunders, Baptist minister of Hall Green, Haworth, Patrick published
A Brief Treatise on the Best Time and Mode of Baptism
(Keighley, R. Aked, 1836), strongly defending infant baptism. The rising rate of Anglican baptisms in Haworth show that he practised what he preached.

57.
Revd Thomas Brooksbank Charnock (1800–47), son of the previous incumbent of Haworth, matriculated (22 June 1819) and graduated BA (1823) and MA (1826) from University College, Oxford: J. Foster,
Alumni Oxonienses (1715–1886)
(Oxford, 1887), i, 241. He committed suicide in 1847: see below, p.643–4. The registers reveal he assisted Patrick occasionally from 1834 onwards; he also preached the Sunday School sermons in the afternoon and evening services on 19 July 1835: Haworth Church Hymnsheets, 19 July 1835: MS BS, x, H, BPM.

58.
Hodgson admitted being born into a ‘humble station of life':
LM
, 31 Dec 1836 p.7. Irish origins are suggested by his being called ‘potato eater' by
BO
, 9 Mar 1837 p.45 but Winterbotham's sneers in
LM
, 17 Dec 1836 p.8 may indicate that he was a local boy ‘made good'. He would appear to have left Haworth for Colne after 11 May 1837: Burials, Haworth.

59.
He first signed the registers as ‘W Hodgson Curate' rather than simply ‘W Hodgson' on 3April 1836: Baptisms, Haworth. According to White, ii, 436 in 1837 Patrick was ‘assisted by the Rev. Wm Hodgson to whom the Pastoral Aid Society has allowed an annuity of £50 granted in 1836'. As this sum did not cover his salary, it was augmented by a voluntary subscription
in Haworth: Requisition to the Reverend William Hodgson, 30 Apr 1837: MS n.l. [C.K. Shorter, ‘New Light on the Brontës',
BST
:1:8:18]. This method may have been used to pay his salary when he first came to Haworth in December 1835.

60.
Ibid., 16.

61.
Hodgson is mentioned only once in Brontë correspondence: see below, p.366.

62.
According to Olridge-de-la-Hey, Hodgson lodged with ‘three coeval generations of women – mother, daughter, and grand-daughter', which exactly describes the census description of the family with whom a later curate, Weightman, lodged at Cook Gate: Shorter, ‘New Light on the Brontës',
BST
:1:8:16, and see below, p.1053 n.21.

63.
PB,
The Cottage in the Wood
, 3–4 [Brontëana, 102].

64.
CB to Robert Southey, 16 Mar 1837: MS BS 40.25, BPM [
LCB
, i, 169].

65.
CB, ‘Long since as I remember well', [Jan 1836]: MS in William Carlos Williams Colln pp.2, 5, 8, SUNY [VN
CB
, 172, 175, 179]. In the right-hand margin someone, apparently Branwell judging by the hand, has written ‘This hope's divine' and ‘this' 4times alongside pious sentiments.

66.
PBB, [Angria and the Angrians I and II] MSS p.14, Princeton and p.1, Ashley 187 p.1, BL [Neufeldt, ii, 443, 454].

67.
CB, ‘But once again, but once again', 19 Jan 1836: MS in William Carlos Williams Colln pp.2, 5, 8, SUNY [VN
CB
, 187–8, 191].