Bringing It All Back Home (37 page)

  
6
. “We Always Get a Great Response” (an interview with Fred Louis of the Connecticut chapter of Veterans for Peace at the Veterans Day Parade, Nov. 2006), accessed May 17, 2012,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SavMnL1fLb4
.

10. BECOMING VETERANS: EDELMAN, GERMAN, AND PAS

  
1
. William E. Farrell, “About New York: Some Who Served and Were Not Treated to Parades,”
New York Times
, Jan. 31, 1981.

  
2
. For a longer treatment of this subject, see Scott,
Vietnam Veterans Since the War: The Politics of PTSD, Agent Orange, and the National Memorial
.

  
3
. David W. Dunlap, “Wall to Honor City's Veterans of Vietnam,”
New York Times
, May 30, 1984.

  
4
. Minutes, Executive Committee Meetings, series 1, subseries 1, file Oct. 16, 1984, box 1, April 13, 1983–Feb. 7, 1985, New York Vietnam Veterans Memorial Commission Papers, 1983–89, New York City Municipal Archives.

  
5
. Denis Hamill, “Heroic Viet Vets Plan Major March,”
New York Daily News
, May 4, 2005.

  
6
. Jane Gross, “New Yorkers Roar Thanks to Veterans,”
New York Times
, May 8, 1985.

  
7
. “Vietnam Veterans Give Ex-comrades a Hand Up,”
New York Times
, Aug. 11, 1985.

  
8
. Terry Martin,
An American Sunrise: The Vietnam Veterans Leadership Program: A History of ACTION's Three-Year Veteran's Initiative: Technical Report
(Washington, D.C.: ACTION, 1984), 67, 68, 69–72.

  
9
. Hagopian,
Vietnam War in American Memory
, 217–18.

10
. Gene Gitelson to Robert M. Sellar (IBM), March 11, 1987, Rockefeller Archive, Collection DLM a, series 2.2, projects, box 185, folder 1713, Vietnam Veterans Leadership Program, Gene Gitelson, 1986–92; “Vietnam Veterans Give Ex-comrades a Hand Up.”

11
. “Vietnam Veterans Give Ex-comrades a Hand Up.”

12
. Gitelson to Sellar, March 11, 1987.

13
. Ibid.

14
. Hagopian,
Vietnam War in American Memory
, 218.

15
. Minutes, Executive Committee Meetings, series 1, subseries 1, box 2, file Oct. 7, 1986, New York Vietnam Veterans Memorial Commission Papers, 1983–89, New York City Municipal Archives.

12. TWONESS: HERBERT SWEAT

  
1
. W.E.B. Du Bois,
The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches
(Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1903), p. 4.

  
2
. George N. Katsiaficas,
The Imagination of the New Left: A Global Analysis of 1968
(Boston: South End Press, 1987), 141; “Pentagon to Crack Down on Deserters,”
Gettysburg Times
, Sept. 16, 1970.

  
3
. Whitney M. Young Jr., “A Report from Vietnam (Fourth of Four Articles),”
New York Amsterdam News
, Sept. 10, 1966.

  
4
.
Soldiers of Misfortune, Homeless Veterans in New York City
(Research and Liaison Unit, Office of the Comptroller, City of New York, 1982).

  
5
. Bernard Edelman to Ed Koch, Feb. 5, 1988, Mayor's Office of Veterans' Affairs, image 00029, roll 41129, Koch Papers, New York City Municipal Archives.

  
6
. “U.S. Opens a New Center for Homeless Veterans,”
New York Times
, May 15, 1988.

  
7
. “Nation's Homeless Veterans Battle a New Foe: Defeatism,”
New York Times
, Dec. 30, 1987; Robert Rosenheck and Peggy Gallup, “Vietnam Era and Vietnam Combat Veterans Among the Homeless,”
American Journal of Public Health
81, no. 1 (May 1991): 643–46.

  
8
. “Man Fatally Stabbed in Homeless Shelter,”
New York Times
, Aug. 9, 1993.

13. LONG ROAD HOME: NEIL KENNY

  
1
. Leslie Roberts, “Vietnam's Psychological Toll,”
Science
, July 8, 1988, 159–61.

  
2
. “Mayor Announces 3 Housing Projects; Gets State Rebuke,”
New York Times
, June 14, 1943.

  
3
. “Contracts Signed for City Housing,”
New York Times
, March 27, 1945; “Low-Rent Housing Project Planned for Lower East Side,”
New York Times
, Feb. 25, 1948.

  
4
. John Prados and Ray W. Stubbe,
Valley of Decision: The Siege of Khe Sanh
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991), 505–6.

  
5
. Kenny knows that Ratliff's official records indicate that he was killed on July 3, 1968. He is, however, firm in associating the death with the fourth, possibly because what took place on the third in Vietnam took place on the fourth in the United States.

  
6
. “Headquarters U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam—Monthly Summary: December 1968–February 15, 1969,” box 02, folder 01, Glenn Helm Collection, Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University, accessed April 21, 2012,
www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=1070201007
.

  
7
. “Command Chronology, December 1, 1968,” folder 060, U.S. Marine Corps History Division Vietnam War Documents Collection, Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University, accessed April 21, 2012,
www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=1201060223
.

  
8
. Staff Study,
New York City's Financial Crisis: An Evaluation of Its Economic Impact and Proposed Policy Solutions
, Joint Economic Committee of the Congress of the United States (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, U.S. 1975, accessed April 21, 2012,
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/docs/historical/jec/1975jec_nyfinanc.pdf
.

  
9
. William Clayton Wray, private first class, L Company, Third Battalion, Twenty-Sixth Marines, First Marine Division, III Marine Amphibious Force, U.S. Marine Corps, Plattsburgh, New York, June 2, 1948, to Sept. 23, 1968, accessed May 19, 2012,
www.virtualwall.org/dw/WrayWC01a.htm
.

10
. Workman tells his story in Jeremiah Workman with John R. Bruning,
Shadow of the Sword: A Marine's Journey of War, Heroism, and Redemption
(New York: Ballantine Books, 2009).

14. LEADERSHIP: VINCE M
C
GOWAN

  
1
. Monica Surfaro, “Veterans Caught in City Welfare Battle,”
New York Times
, Oct. 13, 1974.

  
2
. Dean,
Shook Over Hell
.

  
3
. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Middle Atlantic Regional Office,
New York City in Transition: Population, Jobs, Prices, and Pay in a Decade of Change
, Regional Report 34, July 1973, Robert F. Wagner Documents Collection, box 060278, folder 18, Wagner Archives, accessed Jan. 11, 2011,
www.laguardiawagnerarchive.lagcc.cuny.edu/FileBrowser.aspx?LinkToFile=FILES_DOC/WAGNER_FILES/06.021.0058.060278.18.PDF
.

16. LIVING MEMORIALS

  
1
. U.S. Department of Interior,
The National Parks Index, 2009–2011
, 8, accessed May 19, 2012,
http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps/index2009_11.pdf
.

  
2
. David Glassberg,
Sense of History: The Place of the Past in American Life
(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), 29.

A NOTE ON METHOD

  
1
. Jerome Bruner, “Life as Narrative,”
Social Research
71, no. 3 (2004): 691–710.

  
2
. Dan P. McAdams, “The Psychology of Life Stories,”
Review of General Psychology
5, no. 2 (2001): 100–22.

  
3
. The literature about narrative life history research is large and growing. For an overview, see D. Jean Clandinin,
Handbook of Narrative Inquiry: Mapping a Methodology
(Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2007).

  
4
. Annette Wieviorka,
The Era of the Witness
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006), 132.

  
5
. Alessandro Portelli, “What Makes Oral History Different,” in
The Death of Luigi Trastulli, and Other Stories
, 51.

  
6
. Maynes, Pierce, and Laslett,
Telling Stories
, 41.

  
7
. See also Nigel C. Hunt,
Memory, War, and Trauma
(Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2010); and Abrams,
Oral History Theory
.

  
8
. See, for example, Ashok Jansari and Alan J. Parkin, “Things That Go Bump in Your Life: Explaining the Reminiscence Bump in Autobiographical Memory,”
Psychology and Aging
11, no. 1 (March 1996): 85–91; and Alison Holmes and Martin A. Conway, “Generation Identity and the Reminiscence Bump: Memory for Public and Private Events,”
Journal of Adult Development
6, no. 1 (1999): 21–34.

  
9
. James R. McDonough,
Platoon Leader
(Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1985), 1.

 

RECOMMENDED READING

VIETNAM WAR, GENERAL

Anderson, David L.
The Vietnam War
. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Bradley, Mark Philip.
Vietnam at War
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Hagopian, Patrick.
The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the Politics of Healing.
Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009.

Hess, Gary R.
Vietnam and the United States: Origins and Legacy of War
. Boston: Twayne, 1990.

Hynes, Samuel Lynn.
The Soldiers' Tale: Bearing Witness to Modern War
. New York: Penguin Books, 1998.

Karnow, Stanley.
Vietnam: A History
. New York: Viking, 1983. 2nd ed., New York: Penguin, 1997.

Lawrence, Mark Atwood.
The Vietnam War: A Concise International History
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Logevall, Fredrik.
The Origins of the Vietnam War
. New York: Longman, 2001.

MacPherson, Myra.
Long Time Passing: Vietnam and the Haunted Generation
. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1984.

Prados, John.
Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945–1975
. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009.

Schulzinger, Robert D.
A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, 1941–1975
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Summers, Harry.
On Strategy: The Vietnam War in Context
. Novato, Calif.: Presidio, 1982.

Vuic, Kara Dixon.
Officer, Nurse, Woman: The Army Nurse Corps in the Vietnam War.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

Westheider, James.
Fighting in Vietnam: The Experiences of the U.S. Soldier
. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2007.

Wiest, Andrew.
The Vietnam War, 1956–1975
. Oxford: Osprey, 2002.

Young, Marilyn B.
The Vietnam Wars, 1945–1990
. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

VIETNAM VETERANS

Bonior, David E., Steven M. Champlin, and Timothy S. Kolly.
The Vietnam Veteran: A History of Neglect
. New York: Praeger, 1984.

Boulanger, Ghislaine, and Charles Kadushin.
The Vietnam Veteran Redefined: Fact and Fiction
. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum, 1986.

Brende, Joel Osler, and Erwin Randolph Parson.
Vietnam Veterans: The Road to Recovery
. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

Dean, Eric T.
Shook Over Hell: Post-traumatic Stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Hunt, Andrew E.
The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans Against the War
. New York: New York University Press, 1999.

Lifton, Robert Jay.
Home from the War: Vietnam Veterans: Neither Victims nor Executioners.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

Moser, Richard R.
The New Winter Soldiers: GI and Veteran Dissent During the Vietnam Era
. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1996.

Nelson, Deborah.
The War Behind Me: Vietnam Veterans Confront the Truth About U.S. War Crimes
. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

Nicosia, Gerald.
Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans' Movement
. New York: Crown, 2001.

Palmer, Laura.
Shrapnel in the Heart: Letters and Remembrances from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
. New York: Random House, 1987.

Polner, Murray.
No Victory Parades: The Return of the Vietnam Veteran
. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.

Scott, Wilbur J.
Vietnam Veterans Since the War: The Politics of PTSD, Agent Orange, and the National Memorial.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004.

Shay, Jonathan.
Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character
. New York: Atheneum, 1994.

Starr, Paul, Ralph Nader, James F. Henry, and Raymond P. Bonner.
The Discarded Army: Veterans After Vietnam: The Nader Report on Vietnam Veterans and the Veterans Administration
. New York: Charterhouse, 1973.

The Vietnam Veteran in Contemporary Society: Collected Materials Pertaining to the Young Veterans
. Washington, D.C.: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans Administration, 1972.

VIETNAM WAR, ORAL HISTORY

Appy, Christian G.
Patriots: The Vietnam War Remembered from All Sides.
New York: Viking, 2003.