Bright-Sided (30 page)
Authors: Barbara Ehrenreich
Tags: #Social Science, #Anthropology, #Cultural, #american culture, #Non-Fiction, #Sociology, #Psychology, #pop culture, #Happiness
38. Rayna Katz, “Planners Face a Different-Looking Future, Reports Say,”
Meeting News,
Sept. 18, 2000, [http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation-communications-electric-gas/42271801.html] http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation-communications-electric-gas/42271801.html.
Meeting News,
Sept. 18, 2000, [http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation-communications-electric-gas/42271801.html] http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation-communications-electric-gas/42271801.html.
39. [http://www.cprcoaching.com/employee_retention_team_building.html] http://www.cprcoaching.com/employee_retention_team_building.html.
40. Spencer Johnson,
Who Moved My Cheese?
(New York: Putnam, 1998), 35, 71.
Who Moved My Cheese?
(New York: Putnam, 1998), 35, 71.
41. Ibid., 57.
42. Jill Andresky Fraser,
White-Collar Sweatshop: The Deterioration of Work and Its Rewards in Corporate America
(New York: Norton, 2001), 195.
White-Collar Sweatshop: The Deterioration of Work and Its Rewards in Corporate America
(New York: Norton, 2001), 195.
43. John Balzar, “Losing a Job: From Great Depression to Reinvention,
Los Angeles Times,
Oct. 20, 1993.
Los Angeles Times,
Oct. 20, 1993.
44. Lane, “Company of One.”
45. Fraser,
White-Collar Sweatshop
, 191, 193.
White-Collar Sweatshop
, 191, 193.
46. Jennifer M. Howard, “Can Teams Survive Downsizing?”, [http://www.qualitydigest.com/may/downsize.html] http://www.qualitydigest.com/may/downsize.html.
47. Paul Solman, “The Right Choice?,”
PBS Online NewsHour
, March 22, 1996, [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/economy/att_layoffs_3-22.html] http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/economy/att_layoffs_3-22.html.
PBS Online NewsHour
, March 22, 1996, [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/economy/att_layoffs_3-22.html] http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/economy/att_layoffs_3-22.html.
48. [http://www.thesykesgrp.com/Teamtrg01.htm] http://www.thesykesgrp.com/Teamtrg01.htm.
49. Fraser,
White-Collar Sweatshop
, 191–92.
White-Collar Sweatshop
, 191–92.
FIVE. God Wants You to Be Rich
1
. Abe Levy, “Megachurches Growing in Number and Size,” AP, via [http://SFGate.com] SFGate.com, Feb. 3, 2006, [http://www.religionnewsblog.com/13512/megachurchesgrowinginnumberandsize] http://www.religionnewsblog.com/13512/megachurchesgrowinginnumberandsize.
. Abe Levy, “Megachurches Growing in Number and Size,” AP, via [http://SFGate.com] SFGate.com, Feb. 3, 2006, [http://www.religionnewsblog.com/13512/megachurchesgrowinginnumberandsize] http://www.religionnewsblog.com/13512/megachurchesgrowinginnumberandsize.
3
. Gabriel N. Lischak, “The Rise of the ‘Megachurch’: A New Phenomenon Is Taking Shape in America—One That Is Radically Redefining the ‘Christian Experience,’ ” Jan. 6, 2006, [http://www.realtruth.org/articles/418-trotm-print.html] http://www.realtruth.org/articles/418-trotm-print.html.
. Gabriel N. Lischak, “The Rise of the ‘Megachurch’: A New Phenomenon Is Taking Shape in America—One That Is Radically Redefining the ‘Christian Experience,’ ” Jan. 6, 2006, [http://www.realtruth.org/articles/418-trotm-print.html] http://www.realtruth.org/articles/418-trotm-print.html.
4
. [http://www.thechurchreport.com/mag_article.php?mid=875&mname=January] http://www.thechurchreport.com/mag_article.php?mid=875&mname=January.
. [http://www.thechurchreport.com/mag_article.php?mid=875&mname=January] http://www.thechurchreport.com/mag_article.php?mid=875&mname=January.
5
. William Lee Miller, “Some Negative Thinking about Norman Vincent Peale,” originally published in
Reporter
, Jan. 13, 1955, [http://george.loper.org/trends/2005/Aug/955.html] http://george.loper.org/trends/2005/Aug/955.html.
. William Lee Miller, “Some Negative Thinking about Norman Vincent Peale,” originally published in
Reporter
, Jan. 13, 1955, [http://george.loper.org/trends/2005/Aug/955.html] http://george.loper.org/trends/2005/Aug/955.html.
6
. Joel Osteen,
Your Best Life Now: 7 Steps to Living at Your Full Potential
(New York: Faith Words, 2004), 183.
. Joel Osteen,
Your Best Life Now: 7 Steps to Living at Your Full Potential
(New York: Faith Words, 2004), 183.
7
. Ted Olsen, “Weblog: Kenneth Hagin, ‘Word of Faith’ Preacher, Dies at 86,” Sept. 1, 2003, [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/septemberweb-only/9-22-11.0.html?start=1] http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/septemberweb-only/9-22-11.0.html?start=1.
. Ted Olsen, “Weblog: Kenneth Hagin, ‘Word of Faith’ Preacher, Dies at 86,” Sept. 1, 2003, [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/septemberweb-only/9-22-11.0.html?start=1] http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/septemberweb-only/9-22-11.0.html?start=1.
9
. Ibid., 112.
. Ibid., 112.
10. Dennis Voskuil,
Mountains into Goldmines: Robert Schuller and the Gospel of Success
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983), 80.
Mountains into Goldmines: Robert Schuller and the Gospel of Success
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983), 80.
11. Chris Lehmann, “Pentecostalism for the Exurbs: Joel Osteen’s God Really Wants You to Dress Well, Stand Up Straight, and Get a Convenient Parking Space,” Jan. 2, 2008, [http://www.slate.com/id/2180590/] http://www.slate.com/id/2180590/.
12. Edwene Gaines,
The Four Spiritual Laws of Prosperity: A Simple Guide to Unlimited Abundance
(New York: Rodale, 2005), 88.
The Four Spiritual Laws of Prosperity: A Simple Guide to Unlimited Abundance
(New York: Rodale, 2005), 88.
13. D. R. McConnell,
A Different Gospel
(Peabody: Hendrickson, 1988).
A Different Gospel
(Peabody: Hendrickson, 1988).
14. Shayne Lee, “Prosperity Theology: T. D. Jakes and the Gospel of the Almighty Dollar,”
Cross Currents
, June 22, 2007, 227.
Cross Currents
, June 22, 2007, 227.
15. Milmon F. Harrison, “Prosperity Here and Now: Synthesizing New Thought with Charismatic Christianity, the Word of Faith Movement Promises Its Members the Good Life,” [http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Christianity/2000/05/Prosperity-Here-And-Now.aspx] http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Christianity/2000/05/Prosperity-Here-And-Now.aspx.
16. Ibid.
17. Van Biema and Chu, “Does God Want You to Be Rich?,” 48.
18. See John Jackson,
PastorPreneur: Pastors and Entrepreneurs Answer the Call
(Friendswood: Baxter, 2003).
PastorPreneur: Pastors and Entrepreneurs Answer the Call
(Friendswood: Baxter, 2003).
19. Quoted in Scott Thumma, “Exploring the Megachurch Phenomenon: Their Characteristics and Cultural Context,” [http://hirr.hartsem.edu/bookshelf/thumma_article2.html] http://hirr.hartsem.edu/bookshelf/thumma_article2.html.
20. Bill Hybels, “Commentary: Building a Church on Marketing Surveys,” excerpted from
Christian News
, July 1991, [http://www.rapidnet.com/~jbeard/bdm/exposes/hybels/news.htm] http://www.rapidnet.com/~jbeard/bdm/exposes/hybels/news.htm.
Christian News
, July 1991, [http://www.rapidnet.com/~jbeard/bdm/exposes/hybels/news.htm] http://www.rapidnet.com/~jbeard/bdm/exposes/hybels/news.htm.
21. Witold Rybczynski, “An Anatomy of Megachurches: The New Look for Places of Worship,” Oct. 10, 2005, [http://www.slate.com/id/2127615/] http://www.slate.com/id/2127615/.
22. Frances Fitzgerald, “Come One, Come All: Building a Megachurch in New En gland,”
New Yorker
, Dec. 3, 2007, 46; Denis Haack, “Bruce Bezaire: Meticulous Renderings of Glory,” [http://ransomfellowship.org/articledetail.asp?AID=21&B=Denis%20Haack&TID=6] http://ransomfellowship.org/articledetail.asp?AID=21&B=Denis%20Haack&TID=6.
New Yorker
, Dec. 3, 2007, 46; Denis Haack, “Bruce Bezaire: Meticulous Renderings of Glory,” [http://ransomfellowship.org/articledetail.asp?AID=21&B=Denis%20Haack&TID=6] http://ransomfellowship.org/articledetail.asp?AID=21&B=Denis%20Haack&TID=6.
23. Quoted in Lischak, “Rise of the ‘Megachurch.’ ”
24. Quoted in Van Biema and Chu, “Does God Want You to Be Rich?”
25. “Jesus, CEO,”
Economist
, Dec. 20, 2005, [http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=5323597] http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=5323597.
Economist
, Dec. 20, 2005, [http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=5323597] http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=5323597.
26. Felix Salmon, “Market Movers,” Jan. 24, 2008, [http://www.portfolio.com/views/blogs/market-movers/2008/01/24/davos-surprise-rick-warren] http://www.portfolio.com/views/blogs/market-movers/2008/01/24/davos-surprise-rick-warren; Malcolm Gladwell, “The Cellular Church: How Rick Warren’s Congregation Grew,”
New Yorker,
Sept. 12, 2005, 60.
New Yorker,
Sept. 12, 2005, 60.
27. Gustav Niebuhr, “Megachurches,”
New York Times,
April 18, 1995.
New York Times,
April 18, 1995.
28. Osteen,
Your Best Life Now
, 11.
Your Best Life Now
, 11.
29. Dennis Tourish and Ashly Pinnington, “Transformational Leadership, Corporate Cultism, and the Spirituality Paradigm: An Unholy Trinity in the Workplace?,”
Human Relations
55 (2002): 147.
Human Relations
55 (2002): 147.
30. “Jesus, CEO.”
31. Quoted in Voskuil,
Mountains into Goldmines
, 78.
Mountains into Goldmines
, 78.
32. Osteen,
Your Best Life Now
, 298.
Your Best Life Now
, 298.
SIX. Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness
1
. Martin E. P. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment
(New York: The Free Press, 2002), 24; Dorothy Wade, “Happy Yet?,”
Australian Magazine
, Oct. 22, 2005, 39.
. Martin E. P. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment
(New York: The Free Press, 2002), 24; Dorothy Wade, “Happy Yet?,”
Australian Magazine
, Oct. 22, 2005, 39.
4
. Robert Biswas-Diener and Ben Dean,
Positive Psychology Coaching: Putting the Science of Happiness to Work for Your Clients
(New York: Wiley, 2007), 12, 31.
. Robert Biswas-Diener and Ben Dean,
Positive Psychology Coaching: Putting the Science of Happiness to Work for Your Clients
(New York: Wiley, 2007), 12, 31.
5
. John Templeton Foundation, Capabilities Report, 2002, 82.
. John Templeton Foundation, Capabilities Report, 2002, 82.
6
. Patrick B. Kavanaugh, Lyle D. Danuloff, Robert E. Erard, Marvin Hyman, and Janet L. Pallas, “Psychology: A Profession and Practice at Risk,” July 1994, [http://www.academyprojects.org/lempa1.htm] www.academyprojects.org/lempa1.htm; Ilana DeBare, “Career Coaches Help You Climb to the Top: ‘Personal Trainers’ for Workers New Fiscal Fitness Craze,”
San Francisco Chronicle,
May 4, 1998.
. Patrick B. Kavanaugh, Lyle D. Danuloff, Robert E. Erard, Marvin Hyman, and Janet L. Pallas, “Psychology: A Profession and Practice at Risk,” July 1994, [http://www.academyprojects.org/lempa1.htm] www.academyprojects.org/lempa1.htm; Ilana DeBare, “Career Coaches Help You Climb to the Top: ‘Personal Trainers’ for Workers New Fiscal Fitness Craze,”
San Francisco Chronicle,
May 4, 1998.
8
. Joshua Freedman, “An Interview with Martin E. P. Seligman, Ph.D.,”
EQ Today
, Fall 2000 [http://www.eqtoday.com/optimism/seligman.html] http://www.eqtoday.com/optimism/seligman.html.
. Joshua Freedman, “An Interview with Martin E. P. Seligman, Ph.D.,”
EQ Today
, Fall 2000 [http://www.eqtoday.com/optimism/seligman.html] http://www.eqtoday.com/optimism/seligman.html.
9
. Wade, “Happy Yet?,” 39.
. Wade, “Happy Yet?,” 39.
10. Ed Diener and Martin E. P. Seligman
, “
Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Wellbeing,”
Psychological Science in the Public Interest
5, no. 1 (2004).
, “
Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Wellbeing,”
Psychological Science in the Public Interest
5, no. 1 (2004).
11. John Lanchester, “Pursuing Happiness: Two Scholars Explore the Fragility of Contentment,”
New Yorker,
Feb. 27, 2006.
New Yorker,
Feb. 27, 2006.
12. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness
, 39.
Authentic Happiness
, 39.
13. Ibid., 28, 38, 43, 103.
14. Ibid., 119, 120–21.
15. Ibid., 129, 133.
16. Ibid., 45.
17. Ibid., 129.
18. Barbara Held, “The Negative Side of Positive Psychology,”
Journal of Humanistic Psychology
44 (Winter 2004): 9–46.
Journal of Humanistic Psychology
44 (Winter 2004): 9–46.
19. Biswas-Diener and Dean,
Positive Psychology Coaching
, 31.
Positive Psychology Coaching
, 31.
20. Sonja Lyubomirsky, Laura King, and Ed Diener, “The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?,”
Psychological Bulletin
131 (2005): 803–55.
Psychological Bulletin
131 (2005): 803–55.
21. Mike McGrath, “When Back Pain Starts in Your Head: Is Repressed Anger Causing Your Back Pain?” [http://www.prevention.com/cda/article/when-back-pain-starts-in-your-head/727b7e643f803110VgnVCM10000013281eac____/health/conditions.treatments/back.pain] http://www.prevention.com/cda/article/when-back-pain-starts-in-your-head/727b7e643f803110VgnVCM10000013281eac____/health/conditions.treatments/back.pain.
22. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness
, 3. Deborah D. Danner, David A. Snowdon, and Wallace V. Friesen, “Findings from the Nun Study, University of Kentucky,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
80 (2001): 804–13.
Authentic Happiness
, 3. Deborah D. Danner, David A. Snowdon, and Wallace V. Friesen, “Findings from the Nun Study, University of Kentucky,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
80 (2001): 804–13.
23. Gina Kolata, “Research Links Writing Style to the Risk of Alzheimer’s,”
New York Times,
Feb. 21, 1996, [http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/us/research-links-writing-style-to-the-risk-of-alzheimers.html?sec=health] http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/us/research-links-writing-style-to-the-risk-of-alzheimers.html?sec=health.
New York Times,
Feb. 21, 1996, [http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/us/research-links-writing-style-to-the-risk-of-alzheimers.html?sec=health] http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/us/research-links-writing-style-to-the-risk-of-alzheimers.html?sec=health.
24. LeeAnne Harker and Dacher Keltner, “Expressions of Positive Emotion in Women’s College Yearbook Pictures and Their Relationship to Personality and Life Outcomes across Adulthood,” University of California, Berkeley, [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~keltner/publications/harker.jpsp.2001.pdf] http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~keltner/publications/harker.jpsp.2001.pdf; Jeremy Freese, Sheri Meland, and William Irwin, “Expressions of Positive Emotion in Photographs, Personality, and Later-Life Marital and Health Outcomes,”
Journal of Research in Personality
, 2006, [http://www.jeremyfreese.com/docs/FreeseMelandIrwin%20-%20JRP%20-%20ExpressionsPositiveEmotionInPhotographs.pdf] http://www.jeremyfreese.com/docs/FreeseMelandIrwin%20-%20JRP%20-%20ExpressionsPositiveEmotionInPhotographs.pdf.
Journal of Research in Personality
, 2006, [http://www.jeremyfreese.com/docs/FreeseMelandIrwin%20-%20JRP%20-%20ExpressionsPositiveEmotionInPhotographs.pdf] http://www.jeremyfreese.com/docs/FreeseMelandIrwin%20-%20JRP%20-%20ExpressionsPositiveEmotionInPhotographs.pdf.
25. Glenn V. Ostir, Kenneth J. Ottenbacher, and Kyriakos S. Markides, “Onset of Frailty in Older Adults and the Protective Role of Positive Affect,”
Psychology and Aging
19 (2004): 402–8.
Psychology and Aging
19 (2004): 402–8.
26. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness
, 40.
Authentic Happiness
, 40.
27. James Coyne et al., “Emotional Well-Being Does Not Predict Survival in Head and Neck Cancer Patients,”
Cancer,
Dec. 1, 2007; Merritt McKinney, “Optimism Doesn’t Improve Lung Cancer Survival,”
Reuters Health,
Feb. 9, 2004.
Cancer,
Dec. 1, 2007; Merritt McKinney, “Optimism Doesn’t Improve Lung Cancer Survival,”
Reuters Health,
Feb. 9, 2004.
28. See, for example, L. B. Kubansky and I. Kawachi, “Going to the Heart of the Matter: Do Negative Emotions Cause Coronary Heart Disease?,”
Journal of Psychosomatic Research
48 (2000): 323–37.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research
48 (2000): 323–37.
29. Held, “Negative Side of Positive Psychology.”
30. Ibid.
31. Melissa Healy, “Truth Is, It’s Best If They Know,” Oct. 30, 2006, [http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-realists30oct30,0,141646.story?coll=lahomehealth] http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-realists30oct30,0,141646.story?coll=lahomehealth.
32. Derek M. Isaacowitz, with M. E. P. Seligman, “Is Pessimistic Explanatory Style a Risk Factor for Depressive Mood among Community-Dwelling Older Adults?,”
Behaviour Research and Therapy
39 (2001): 255–72.
Behaviour Research and Therapy
39 (2001): 255–72.
33. Mary Duenwald, “Power of Positive Thinking Extends, It Seems, to Aging,”
New York Times
, Nov. 19, 2002.
New York Times
, Nov. 19, 2002.
34. Ibid.
35. Quoted in B. Held, “The ‘Virtues’ of Positive Psychology,”
Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
25 (2005): 1–34.
Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
25 (2005): 1–34.
36. Sarah D. Pressman and Sheldon Cohen, “Does Positive Affect Influence Health?”
Psychological Bulletin
131 (2005): 925–71.
Psychological Bulletin
131 (2005): 925–71.
37. [http://esi-topics.com/fbp/2007/june07-Pressman_Cohen.html] http://esi-topics.com/fbp/2007/june07-Pressman_Cohen.html.
38. Seligman,
Authentic Happiness
, 40; Suzanne C. Segerstrom, “Optimism, Goal Conflict, and Stressor-Related Immune Change,”
Journal of Behavioral Medicine
24, no. 5 (2001).
Authentic Happiness
, 40; Suzanne C. Segerstrom, “Optimism, Goal Conflict, and Stressor-Related Immune Change,”
Journal of Behavioral Medicine
24, no. 5 (2001).
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