Authors: Dean Buonomano
Brain Buys (41 page)
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Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.
abortion
action potentials
actions,
see
behaviors
Adams, Douglas
Adams, John
advertising and marketing
associative architecture and
of cigarettes
classical conditioning and
decoy effect and
of diamonds
framing and
imitation and
person-to-person
by pharmaceutical industry
political
preference transfer and
quality/price association and
on television
ubiquity of
agency, as co-opted by religion
AIDS/HIV
alien hand syndrome
altruism
religion and
warfare and evolution of
Alzheimer’s disease
American Medical Association
American Tobacco Corporation
amnesia
amygdala
imaging studies of
lateral
amygdala politics
anchoring
animals, thinking and planning by
anthrax, in 2001 letter attacks
antidepressants
anti-Semitic propaganda
antivaccination movements
anxiety
aphasias
association
first-order
free-
second-order
associative architecture, of human brain
computational ability and
decision making and
fallacious reasoning and
false memories and
first-order associations in
Hebb’s rule and
of memory
political exploitation of
second-order associations in
as self-organizing
and susceptibility to advertising and propaganda
associative synaptic plasticity,
see
Hebb’s rule
asymmetric paternalism
atomic clocks
attraction (decoy) effect
auditory cortex:
plasticity of
tinnitus and
visual cortex linked to
autism, vaccination and
autonomic responses
axons
Aymara
Baker/baker paradox
Bargh, John
behavioral economics
behaviors:
as context-dependent
imitation and
learned
priming of
short-term vs. long-term consequences of
socially inappropriate
Bering, Jesse
Bernays, Edward
bias, and word choice in questions
Bible
Biden, Joe
biochemical feedback loops
biomedical progress, initial opposition to
birth control
blackjack
blind people:
echolocation used by
reallocation of visual cortex in
Blink
(Gladwell)
Bliss, Tim
Bloom, Paul
body:
fear of foreign substances in
neglect of
body awareness
see also
somatosensory system
Borges, Jorge Luis
bottled water, marketing of
Boyer, Pascal
Braille, cortical allocation and
brain:
actions and behaviors generated by
associative architecture of,
see
associative architecture, of human brain
computational abilities of,
see
computational abilities
computers compared to
as context-sensitive
decreasing volume of
dualism as default state of
evolution of
genetic encoding of
modular structure of
as open-ended computational device
plasticity of,
see
cortical plasticity; synaptic plasticity
processing and storage of sensory data by;
see also
sensory cortex; somatosensory system as programmed by neural operating system
storage capacity of
surgery on, spirituality and
trauma to
as web of neurons and synapses
see also specific regions and functions
brain bugs:
recognition of
as result of outdated evolutionary adaptations
use of term
brain-imaging studies:
of amygdala
of associative learning
of cognitive biases
of responses to religious statements
of serotonin receptors
of temporal distortions
branding, associative architecture and
Brazil:
Pirahã in
Recife rape case in
breast cancer, probability blindness and
Burlington, N.C.
Bush, George W.
calculus
Capgras syndrome
CAPTCHA test
casinos, house advantage of
Castel, Alan
Catholic Church
abortion and
causation:
correlation confused with
delay blindness and
cerebellum
children:
false autobiographical memories in
soul as innate presumption of
chimpanzees:
imitation in
xenophobia in
choice architecture
Christian Science
chronostasis (stopped clock illusion)
Churchill, Winston
Cialdini, Robert
cigarettes:
advertising and marketing of
deaths linked to
delay blindness and
women and
circadian clocks
classical conditioning
advertising and
brain-imaging studies of
extinction in
temporal proximity and
cochlea
cognitive biases
anchoring
automatic decision making system and
brain-imaging studies of
choice architecture and
endowment effect
familiarity
framing
loss aversion
probability blindness
status quo
color discrimination
complex regional pain syndrome
computational abilities
associative architecture and
modular brain and
as poorly developed in humans
see also
temporal distortions; time, biological computation of
computers:
brain compared to
bugs in
dynamic allocation of memory in
evolution of
storage mechanism vs. codes in
concentration camp survivors
conditioned stimulus
conditioning:
classical,
see
classical conditioning
of fear,
see
fear, conditioning of
operant
conjunction fallacy
consciousness
consolidation of memories
context:
behavior as influenced by
in language
neurons as affected by
sensitivity of brain to
conversational trajectory
cooperation:
evolution of
see also
altruism
correlation, causation confused with
cortical allocation
cortical plasticity
adaptive value of
glitches in
cortical trauma
Cotton, Ronald
creation
creationists
credit cards
Crick, Francis
cultural transmission,
see
imitation
culture
implicit associations and
as programmer
curiosity:
fear vs.
supernatural beliefs and
Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, The
(Haddon)
Darwin, Charles
Darwinism
Dawkins, Richard
deaths:
cigarette-related
fear of dying vs. actual rates of
in U.S., from military or terrorist attacks
De Beers
decision making:
associative architecture and
automatic (associative) system for
cognitive biases and,
see
cognitive
biases default bias in
neural system and
by referees
reflective (rule-based) system for
temporal discounting and
decoy (attraction) effect
default bias
Dehaene, Stanislas
delay blindness
democracy:
apathy and
brain bugs and
delay blindness and
dendrites
Dennett, Daniel
Descent of Man, The
(Darwin)
Deuteronomy
de Waal, Frans
diamonds, marketing of
DNA
circadian clock and
forensic use of
neural operating system as encoded by
phylogenetic memories as encoded in
as storage system
dodo
dogs, rabies in
dominance
dualism:
in children
as default state of human brain
E=mc
2
echolocation, blind people and
economic decision making
temporal discounting and
Edison, Thomas
Einstein, Albert
embodied cognition
embryonic stem-cell research
emotions, emotional processing:
associative architecture and
consciousness and
facial recognition linked to
limbic system and
see also
fear
encephalitis
endowment effect
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
evolution
as accumulation of kludges
of human brain
of mammals
outdated adaptations in
religion and teaching of
religion as by-product of
religion as selected by
slow pace of
executive functions
extinction, in classical conditioning
eyeblink conditioning
eyewitness testimony:
contamination of
unreliability of
Facebook
faces, angry, conditioned fear of
facial recognition, emotional significance linked to
fallacies:
associative architecture and
conjunction
gambler’s
simplicity as factor in perseverance of
false memories
associative architecture and
in children
fabrication of
magicians’ manipulation of
“repressed” memories as
see also
eyewitness testimony
familiarity bias
fear
adaptive value of
amygdala and
conditioning of
conditioning of, subliminal
curiosity vs.
of dying, vs. actual death rates
lack of control as factor in
as learned response
neural basis of
reason as overridden by
supernatural beliefs compared to
fear, innate (phylogenetic)
evolutionary loss of
in geese
as genetically encoded
as outdated evolutionary baggage
parasitic manipulation of
fear, innate propensities for
observational learning and
as outdated evolutionary baggage
phobias and
as self-fulfilling
xenophobia and
fearmongering:
as marketing technique
susceptibility to
Federal Drug Administration
financial crisis of 2008
flash-lag effect
folk religions
food, obtaining of:
loss aversion and
as primary concern for early humans
food, taste of:
conditioned aversion to
packaging and
Fosbury, Dick
framing
free-association
Freud, Sigmund
Fried, Itzhak
“Funes the Memorious” (Borges)
Gage, Phineas
