Bourbon Empire (35 page)

Samuels, Bill Jr.
Maker’s Mark—My Autobiography.
Louisville, KY: Saber, 2000.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. “A Dietary Interpretation of American History.”
Proceedings
of the Massachusetts
Historical Society,
3rd series, vol. 68 (October 1944–May 1947).

Simmons, James C.
Star-Spangled Eden: 19th Century America Through the Eyes of Dickens, Wilde, Frances Trollope, Frank Harris, and Other British Travelers.
New York: Carroll & Graf, 2000.

Sismondo, Christine.
America Walks into a Bar: A Spirited History of Taverns and Saloons, Speakeasies and Grog Shops.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Slaughter, Thomas.
The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Smith, Daniel Blake. “This Idea in Heaven.” In
The Buzzel About Kentuck,
edited by Craig Thompson Friend. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999.

Smith, George.
A Compleat Body of Distilling.
London: Henry Lintot, 1731.

———.
The Nature of Fermentation Explained.
London: n.p., 1729.

Steinbeck, John.
East of Eden.
New York: Penguin, 1952.

Sullivan, John Jeremiah.
Blood Horses: Notes of a Sportswriter’s Son.
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2004.

Taylor, Richard.
The Great Crossing: A Historic Journey to Buffalo Trace Distillery.
Frankfort, KY: Buffalo Trace Distillery, 2002.

Thompson, Neal.
Driving with the Devil.
New York: Three Rivers Press, 2006.

Timberlake, James H.
Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900–1920.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963.

Tocqueville, Alexis de.
Democracy in America.
2 vols.
New York: Vintage, 1959. Originally published 1835–40.

Trachtenberg, Alan.
The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age.
New York: Hill & Wang, 1982.

Trollope, Frances.
Domestic Manners of the Americans.
Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2003. Originally published 1832.

Van Winkle Campbell, Sally.
But Always Fine Bourbon: Pappy Van Winkle and the Story of Old Fitzgerald.
Frankfort, KY:
Old Rip Van Winkle Distillery, 2004.

Veach, Michael.
Kentucky Bourbon Whiskey: An American Heritage.
Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013.

Wallace, Benjamin.
The Billionaire’s Vinegar.
New York: Crown, 2008.

Watman, Max.
Chasing the White Dog: An Amateur Outlaw’s Adventures in Moonshine.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.

Weightman, Gavin.
The Frozen Water Trade.
New York: Hyperion, 2003.

Wiley, Bell I.
The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy.
Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1943.

Young, Al.
Four Roses: Return of a Whiskey Legend.
Louisville, KY: Butler Books, 2010.

Zoeller, Chester.
Bourbon in Kentucky: A History of Distilleries in Kentucky.
Louisville, KY: Butler Books, 2010.

PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS

American Economic Review

Atlantic Monthly

Baltimore Sun

Barron’s National Business and Financial Weekly

Bonfort’s Wine and Spirit Circular

Boston Daily Globe

Boston Globe

Bourbon County Reader

Chicago Tribune

Collier’s Weekly

Contemporary Drug Problems

Drinks Business

Economist

Esquire

Fortune

Japan Times

Lexington
(KY)
Leader

Louisville Courier-Journal

McClure’s Magazine

National Tribune
(Washington, D.C.)

The New Georgia Encyclopedia

New Republic

New York Times

New Yorker

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society

Prologue

Punch

Salon

Seagram Spotlight
(company newsletter)

Shanken News Daily

Slate

Smithsonian

Spirits Business

Spirits Magazine

Sports Illustrated

Tasting Panel

Time

Wall Street Journal

Washington Post

Whisky Magazine

Whisky Advocate

Wine and Liquor Journal

ARCHIVES

Brown University: Alcoholism and Addictions Collection.

Filson Historical Society: Atherton Family Papers; Taylor-Hay Family Papers; Weller Family Papers.

University of Kentucky: Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, Bourbon in Kentucky Oral History Collection.

Smyth of Nibley Papers (1673–74) at the New York Public Library (copy courtesy of Berkeley Plantation staff).

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.

A. Bauer & Co. Distillery,
147
–48

A. Ph. Stitzel Distillery,
185
,
199
,
206

Ackman, Bill,
279

Acuff, Roy,
284

Ade, George,
177

advertising.
See
marketing

African Americans, in whiskey advertisements,
147

age, in marketing of bourbon,
135
–36

age statements,
135
–36,
217

aging process,
5
,
21
,
57
–62,
253

scotch
versus
bourbon,
231

shortcuts used in,
208
–9,
268
–71

tiered-rack system for,
154
–56

Albert, Prince,
232

Alcoholic Dogs Had More Feeble and Defective Puppies
(pamphlet),
174

Alcohol Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB),
217

“All Blues” (song),
81

Allen, H. Warner,
78

Allied Domecq,
251

Alligator Bait,
134

alt-whiskey movement,
266
–67

American Brands,
222

American Craft Distillers Association,
272

American Distilling Institute,
252
–53

American Medicinal Spirits Company,
185

American Revolution,
29
–34

American Whiskey, Bourbon and Rye: A Guide to the Nation’s Favorite Spirit
(Risen),
80
n

Ancient Age Distillery,
208
,
250
.
See also
Buffalo Trace Distillery

Anderson, James,
25

Andrew, Prince, Duke of York,
25

Anti-Saloon League (ASL),
173
–74,
176

aqua vitae,
16
,
19

Army Medical Museum,
96

artificial aging,
208

assumed name, distilling under,
47

Atherton, Peter Lee,
172

authenticity,
7
–9

Aviary,
92

Babcock, Orville,
111
,
114
,
115
–16

Bacardi,
218

bacterial infections,
89

Baker, Buck,
179

Baker’s,
250

Balcones,
271

Ball and Mason jars,
179

Baltimore Sun,
172
,
244

Bard, David,
195

barley,
15
,
35
,
55

in Irish whiskies,
31

in scotch whiskies,
31

Barnes, Julian,
52

barrels,
5
,
21
,
57
–62,
64

charring, role of,
59

esterification and,
60
–61

evaporation and,
60

flavor, extraction of,
59
–60

flavor consistency, mixing or rotating of barrels for,
155
–56

historic uses of,
57
–59

oxidation and,
60

size of, and aging of whiskey,
59
–60

tiered-rack system for,
154
–56

Barron’s,
220
,
221
,
222

Bashore, Steven,
34
,
36
,
37

Basil Hayden’s,
129
,
250

Beam, Charles,
279

Beam, Craig,
279

Beam, Everett,
279

Beam, Guy,
279

Beam, Harry,
279

Beam, Inc.,
251
,
256

Beam, Jim (James Beauregard),
101
,
123
,
199
–201,
280

Beam, Joseph,
202
,
279

Beam, Parker,
279

Beam, Straight Up
(Noe),
281

Beam Global Innovation Center,
275
–77

Beam Suntory,
251

beer,
6
,
18
–19,
121
,
138

popularity with first colonists,
18

Prohibition and,
171

Belle brands,
146

Bennett, Millard,
205

Benton, Thomas Hart,
254

Berkeley Hundred,
15

Berkeley Plantation

bourbon first produced at,
13
–15

first Thanksgiving at,
16
–17

Bernard, Phares,
87

Bernheim, Bernard,
137

Bernheim, Isaac Wolfe,
136
–37,
138
,
140
,
204

Bernheim Brothers Distillery,
137

Bernheim Original,
138

Beverage Testing Institute,
79
,
259

Bible,
170

Blackburn, Joseph,
157

Black Cock Vigor Gin,
145

Blake, Daniel,
54

Blanton, Albert,
129

Blanton’s,
139
,
250

blended whiskey,
165
,
220

Bloom, Moses,
137

Blow, Henry,
101

Blum, Philip,
201

Blum family,
222

Boardwalk Empire
(tv show),
183

Boehm, Johannes Jacob,
51
,
53
–54,
280

Bolles, MaryKay,
275
–76

bonding period,
120
,
228

Bonfort’s Wine and Spirit Circular,
124
,
148

Booker’s,
250

boom-and-bust cycles,
120
–22,
262

Boone, Daniel,
10
,
53
,
62

Boorstin, Daniel,
71
,
83
–84

bootleggers,
177
–81

Remus’ career,
183
–94

during World War II,
219

Boston Daily Globe,
121

Bottled-in-Bond Act of 1897,
157

bottles/bottling,
132
–33

Boucherie, Anthony,
55
–56

bourbon

agricultural nature of,
254
–55

authenticity of,
48

barrel aging of,
5
,
21
,
57
–62,
64
,
154
–56

boom-and-bust cycles in,
120
–22,
262

branding (
See
branding/brand names)

cartels and,
122
–27

Catholics, and post-Repeal recovery of,
195
–97

Civil War and,
95
–102

cognac’s influence on,
64
–65

as comfort food,
7
–8

connoisseurship of,
75
–80

consumption of, in mid to early nineteenth century America,
69
–73

contradictions in stories underlying,
10
–11

craft (
See
craft distilleries)

Crow’s scientific production standards for and quality of,
88
–91

distilleries (
See
distilleries)

distinctive U.S. product resolution, 1964,
1
–4,
7
,
12
,
234
–35

drops in proof, in 1950s and 1970s,
240
,
243
–44

earliest distilling of, by Thorpe,
13
–15,
19
–21

early names of,
16
,
23
–24

evaporation and,
3
,
60

federal requirements for calling spirits bourbon,
15

first bottled,
132
–33

food pairings and,
76

in Gilded Age,
111
–27

government regulation (
See
government regulation)

Hamilton’s economic vision, and bourbon industry,
46
–49,
87
,
199
,
220
,
254
,
265

heritage and,
7
–9

horse-racing connection of,
139
–41

images and stereotypes of,
6

industrial nature of,
254
,
255

Industrial Revolution/industrialization and,
5
,
87
–88,
254

ingredients of,
15

isolation and loneliness of frontier living and,
70
,
74
–75

Jefferson’s economic vision, and bourbon industry,
46
–49,
87
,
199
,
220
,
254
,
265

Jewish immigrants and,
136
–39

in Kentucky,
51
–57

labeling regulations and,
157
,
160
–65

large corporate distillers dominating market for,
46
–49

make-over of image of,
204
–6

marketing of (
See
marketing)

mash bill of,
35
–36

naming of,
65
–67

in post-World War II era,
219
–24

pre-industrialization economics and,
73
–74

premium,
245
–51,
258
–63

as preservative and medical cure-all, in Civil War,
95
–99

Prohibition and,
167
–94

Pure Food and Drug Act and,
160
–65,
171

in Revolutionary War era,
29
–34

rye as flavor grain in,
35
–36

sales decline, in 1960s and 1970s,
238
–44

salespeople/merchant’s role in evolution of,
62
–67

Scotch-Irish immigrants and,
30
–32

spread of use of term “bourbon” in mid-1800s,
90
–91

tax on (
See
whiskey taxes)

value of grains, as means of preserving,
4
,
73
–74

Vietnam War and,
240
–42

wheat as flavor grain in,
35
–36,
207

Whiskey Rebellion and,
4
,
37
–45,
113

Whiskey Ring and,
111
,
112
–16

World War II and,
215
–19

Bourbon, August,
235

Bourbon, Straight
(Cowdery),
79

Bourbon Democrats,
119
–20

Bourbon Falls,
203

Bourbon Institute,
3
,
227
–28

Bowman, A. Smith,
200

Bradford, David,
42
,
44

branding/brand names,
5
,
90
–91,
126
,
129
–49.
See also
specific brands

Brown’s approach to,
133
–34

drummers’ role in marketing of,
134
–35

horse-racing connection and,
139
–41

James E. Pepper’s,
141
–44

Jewish immigrants and,
136
–39

marketing of (
See
marketing)

Old Forester, naming and marketing of,
130
–34

protection of,
276
–77

selecting,
129
–30

trademarking and,
134

wholesaler’s role in creating, post-Civil War,
134

brandy,
232

Brillat-Savarin, Jean,
69

Brinton, John,
95
–96,
98
–100,
101

Bristow, Benjamin,
115

Bronfman, Edgar Miles,
242

Bronfman, Samuel,
211
,
212
–13,
221

Brown, George Gavin,
131
,
133
,
170
,
172

Brown, Owsley,
211
–12

Brown-Forman Corporation,
108
,
131
,
132
,
134
n,
185
,
199
,
240
,
247
–48

Bruichladdich,
118

Bryson, Lew,
76
n,
77
n

Buffalo Trace Distillery,
61
,
141
,
224
,
254
,
259
,
267

Bulleit,
8
,
9
,
36
,
47
,
203

bumbo,
27

Bunning, Jim,
2

Burr, Aaron,
74

Busch, Adolphus,
171

Cabin Still,
207

Cadillac,
253

Cameron, James,
120

Campbell, Sally Van Winkle,
224

Campbell’s Soup,
134

Canadian whiskey,
165
n

Canadian Whisky: The Portable Expert
(Kergommeaux),
165
n

“Can’t Improve Whiskey, So Distillers Turn to Container”
(New York Times),
261

Capone, Al,
168
,
188
,
193
,
203
,
213

Carlisle, John,
119
–20,
157

Carson, Gerald,
132

cartels,
122
–27

Catholics,
195
–97

Catoctin Creek Distillery,
265
,
271

Celebration Sour Mash,
261
–62

charcoal filtering,
56

Chasseboeuf, Constantin François de,
72