Borderland (34 page)

25
Bruno Schulz,
The Street of Crocodiles & Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass,
trans. Celina Wieniewska, London, 1988, p. 249.

26
Ibid., p. 180.

27
Von Rezzori,
Hussar,
p. 326.

1
Edward Daniel Clarke, quoted in Volodymyr Sichynskyi,
Ukraine in Foreign Comments from the VIth to the XXth Century,
New York, 1953, p. 187.

2
Robert Conquest,
The Harvest of Sorrow,
London, 1986, p. 104.

3
Vasiliy Grossman,
Forever Flowing,
trans. Thomas P. Whitney, London, 1973, pp. 148–9.

4
Petro Grigorenko,
Memoirs,
trans. Thomas Whitney, London, 1983, p. 14.

5
Viktor Kravchenko,
I Chose Freedom,
New York, 1946, p. 63.

6
OGPU memoranda, quoted in Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 72.

7
Orest Subtelny,
Ukraine: a History,
Toronto, 1988, p. 419.

8
Ibid., p. 419.

9
Robert Conquest,
The Great Terror,
London, 1990, p. 253.

10
Ibid., p. 259.

11
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 117.

12
Grossman,
Forever Flowing,
p. 143.

13
Kravchenko,
I Chose Freedom,
p. 63.

14
Ibid., pp. 88–90.

15
Ibid., pp. 91–2.

16
Ibid., pp. 104–5.

17
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 138.

18
Ibid., p. 139.

19
Kravchenko,
I Chose Justice,
London, 1951, p. 80.

20
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 229.

21
Ibid., p. 226.

22
Kravchenko,
I Chose Freedom,
p. 113.

23
Ibid., p. 118.

24
Grossman,
Forever Flowing,
p. 164.

25
Kravchenko,
I Chose Justice,
p. 75.

26
Grossman,
Forever Flowing,
p. 162.

27
Ibid., pp. 162–3.

28
William Henry Chamberlin,
Russia’s Iron Age,
London, 1935, p. 368.

29
Ibid., pp. 369, 88.

30
Arthur Koestler,
The Yogi and the Commissar and other essays,
London, 1965, p. 128.

31
Eugene Lyons,
Assignment in Utopia,
London, 1937, p. 574.

32
Koestler,
Yogi and Commissar,
p. 129.

33
Eugene Lyons,
Assignment in Utopia,
pp. 575–6.

34
Paul Hollander,
Political Pilgrims: travels of Western intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba,
Lanham, New York, London, 1990, p. 102.

35
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
pp. 314–5.

36
Robert Byron,
First Russia, then Tibet,
London, 1985, p. 116.

37
Lyons,
Assignment in Utopia,
pp. 428–30.

38
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 316.

39
Lion Feuchtwanger,
Moscow 1937,
trans. Irene Josephy, pp. 28–9.

40
Ibid., pp. 83, 164, 174.

41
André Gide,
Retouches à Mon Retour de l’URSS,
Paris, 1937, p. 57.

42
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 319.

43
Lyons,
Assignment in Utopia,
p. 572.

44
Ibid., p. 573-

45
Conquest,
Harvest of Sorrow,
p. 320.

1
Patricia Herlihy,
Odessa: a History 1794–1914,
Cambridge, Mass., 1986, p. 300.

2
Michael Hamm,
Kiev: a Portrait 1800–1917,
Princeton, 1993, p. 118.

3
Ibid., p. 124.

4
Herlihy,
Odessa,
p. 255.

5
Hamm,
Kiev,
p. 126.

6
Herlihy,
Odessa,
p. 306.

7
David Marples,
Stalinism in Ukraine in the 1940 s,
New York, 1992, p. 74.

8
Philip Friedman,
Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust,
New York and Philadelphia, 1980, p. 179.

9
Orest Subtelny,
Ukraine: a History,
Toronto, 1988, p. 479.

10
Samuel Drix,
Witness: a Holocaust Memoir,
London, 1995, p. xii.

11
Martin Gilbert,
The Holocaust,
London, 1986, p. 476.

12
Lucy Dawidowicz,
The War against the Jews 1933–45,
London, 1975, Appendix B, p. 479.

13
Marples,
Stalinism in Ukraine,
p. 58.

14
Friedman,
Roads to Extinction,
p. 201.

15
Ibid., pp. 186, 202.

16
Alexander Dallin,
German Rule in Russia 1941–1945: a Study of Occupation Policies,
London and Basingstoke, 1981, p. 427.

17
Leon Weliczker Wells,
The Janowska Road,
London, 1966, p. 92.

18
Subtelny,
Ukraine,
p. 472.

19
Pavlo Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
Kiev, 1995, p. 63.

20
Weliczker Wells,
Janowska Road,
p. 26.

21
Ibid., p. 28.

22
Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
p. 67.

23
Nikita Khrushchev,
Khrushchev Remembers,
trans. Strobe Talbot, ed. Edward Crankshaw, London, 1971, p. 129.

24
Weliczker Wells,
Janowska Road,
p. 29.

25
Ibid., p. 279.

26
Marples,
Stalinism in Ukraine,
pp. 39–40; and Subtelny,
Ukraine,
p. 454.

27
Khrushchev,
Khrushchev Remembers,
p. 125.

28
Alan Clark,
Barbarossa: the Russian-German Conflict 1941–45,
London, 1995, p. 44.

29
Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
p. 76.

30
Daniel Goldhagen,
Hitler’s Willing Executioners,
London, 1996, p. 149.

31
Weliczker Wells,
Janowska Road,
pp. 37–8.

32
Ibid., pp. 40–41.

33
Ibid., p. 41.

34
Gilbert,
Holocaust,
p. 173.

35
Ibid., p. 171.

36
Ibid., pp. 197–8.

37
Ibid., p. 212.

38
Friedman,
Roads to Extinction,
p. 190.

39
Alexander Werth,
Russia at War,
London, 1964, p. 787.

40
Ibid., p. 613.

41
Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
p. 75.

42
Ibid., p.
76.

43
Weliczker Wells,
Janowska Road,
p. 117.

44
Ibid., p. 239.

45
Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
p. 75.

46
Subtelny,
Ukraine,
p. 467.

47
Dallin,
German Rule,
p. 127.

48
Ibid., p. 123.

49
Ibid., p. 459.

50
Friedman,
Roads to Extinction,
pp. 199–200.

51
John Armstrong,
Ukrainian Nationalism,
Colorado, 1990, pp. 56–7.

52
Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
p. 87.

53
Clark,
Barbarossa,
p. 143.

54
Dallin,
German Rule,
p. 418.

55
Ibid., p. 415.

56
Ibid., p. 415.

57
Ibid., p. 427.

58
Ibid., p. 422.

59
Ibid., pp. 452, 453.

60
Armstrong,
Ukrainian Nationalism,
p. 89.

61
Oliynyk,
Zashiti,
p. 86.

1
Edward Daniel Clarke,
Travels in Various Countries of Europe, Asia and Africa: Part the First
–
Russia, Tatary and Turkey,
London, 1811, pp. 537–8.

2
Alan Fisher,
The Crimean Tatars,
Stanford, 1978, pp. 10–11.

3
Gillaume Le Vasseur, Sieur de Beauplan,
A Description of Ukraine,
Cambridge, Mass., 1993, p. 44.

4
Baron de Tott,
Memoirs of the Baron de Tott on the Turks and the Tatars, vol. I,
London, 1785, p. 478.

5
Ibid., p. 475.

6
Ibid., p. 482.

7
Ibid., p. 371.

8
Ibid., p. 372.

9
Ibid., pp. 449–5O.

10
Fisher,
Crimean Tatars,
p. 69.

11
Ibid., p. 17.

12
Thomas Milner,
The Crimea, its Ancient and Modern History: the Khans, the Sultans, and the Tsars, with notices of its scenery and population,
London, 1855, p. 182.

13
Clarke,
Russia, Tatary and Turkey,
pp. 454–5.

14
Ibid., p. 465.

15
Ibid., pp. 502–3.

16
Ibid., p. 480.

17
Figures from Andrew Wilson,
The Crimean Tatars: a Situation Report on the Crimean Tatars for International Alert,
pp. 6, 36.

18
Fisher,
Crimean Tatars,
p. 114.

19
Ibid., p. 132.

20
Ibid., p. 137.

21
Robert Conquest,
The Nation Killers,
London, 1970, p. 99.

22
Ibid., pp. 64–5.

23
Vera Tolz, ‘New Information About the Deportation of Ethnic Groups in the USSR during World War II’, in
World War 2 and the Soviet People,
ed. John and Carol Garrard, London, 1993, pp. 167–8.

24
Ibid., pp. 165–6.

25
Khrushchev,
Khrushchev Remembers,
trans. Strobe Talbot, ed. Edward Crankshaw, London, 1971, p. 540.

1
David Remnick,
Lenin’s Tomb,
New York, Toronto and London, 1993, p. 245.

2
See David Marples,
The Social Impact of the Chernobyl Disaster,
London, 1988, pp. 12–19, for an excellent account of the technicalities.

3
Yuri Shcherbak,
Chernobyl: a Documentary Story,
trans. Ian Press, London, 1989.

4
Ibid., p. 33.

5
Ibid., p. 42.

6
Ibid., pp. 41–2.

7
Ibid., p. 44.

8
Ibid., p. 46.

9
Ibid., p. 21.

10
Ibid., p. 56.

11
Marples,
Impact of the Chernobyl Disaster,
p. 191.

12
Orest Subtelny,
Ukraine: a History,
Toronto, 1988, p. 489.

13
Taras Kuzio and Andrew Wilson,
Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence,
London, 1994, p. 43.

14
Vyacheslav Chornovil,
The Chornovil Papers,
New York, 1968, p. 21.

15
Petro Grigorenko,
Memoirs,
trans. Thomas Whitney, London, 1983, p. 437.

16
Anatoly Marchenko,
My Testimony,
trans. Michael Scammell, London, 1969, p. 120.

17
Subtelny,
Ukraine,
p. 53.

18
Kuzio and Wilson,
Ukraine,
p. 105.

19
Ibid., p. 111.

20
Ibid., p. 112.

21
Solomea Pavlychko,
Letters from Kiev,
trans. Myrna Kostash, New York, 1992, p. 14.

22
Ibid., pp. 6–7.

23
Ibid., p. 40.

24
Ibid., pp. 77–9.

25
Ibid., p. 84.

26
Ibid., p. 138.

27
Kuzio and Wilson,
Ukraine,
p. 158.