Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) (115 page)

1
Egerton MSS 1,609 f.33.

2
Browne, iv, pp.43–4; R A Stuart 294/169.

3
For full details of rank and pay see A E M D, Angleterre 80 ff.51–2; D’Eguilles’s character sketches of the recipients and other Jacobites are at
ibid
., 80 ff.56–62.

4
A E M D Angleterre 80 ff.11–12.

5
Ibid
., ff.6, 8–9.

6
R A Stuart 289/82, 167.

7
R A Stuart 345/162. It was Tencin who proposed the prince for the Polish throne. See Frederick the Great,
Politische Correspondenz
, op.cit., v, p.114.

8
For the duchesse d’Aiguillon in general and her relationship with Montesquieu in particular see Robert Shackleton,
Montesquieu
, op.cit., pp.180–5.

9
André Masson, ed.,
Oeuvres complètes de Montesquieu
(Paris, 1950), ii, pp.407, 412.

10
Rohan Butler,
Choiseul
(Oxford, 1981), p.479.

11
R A Stuart Box 4/1/105, 107, 110.

12
R A Stuart Box 1/275.

13
R A Stuart Box 2/136A.

14
R A Stuart Box 4/1/113.

15
R A Stuart Box 2/135.

16
R A Stuart Box 4/1/109.

17
Bulkeley to Montesquieu, 14 August 1748,
Correspondance de Montesquieu
, ed. F. Gebelin (Paris, 1914), ii, pp.42–3.

18
Ibid
., pp.26–7.

19
Ibid
., pp.29–30.

20
Browne, iv, pp.37–8; R A Stuart 293/31.

21
R A Stuart Box 1/286.

22
Correspondance de Montesquieu
, op.cit., ii, p.61.

23
Ibid
., pp.77, 100, 136, 547.

24
Ibid
., p.194.

25
R A Stuart Box 1/302.

26
Barbier, iii, p.45. The Princesse de Talmont was born in 1701.

27
Correspondance de Voltaire
, ed. Besterman, op.cit., 79, p.109.

28
Duc de Tremoille,
Les Tremoilles pendant cinq siècles
(Nantes, 1896), 5 vols, v, pp.78, 94–5.

29
D’Argenson, ix, p.243.

30
Lettres de la marquise du Deffand à Horace Walpole
(Paris, 1824), iii, pp.47–9.

31
Marville-Maurepas
, op.cit., iii, p.117.

32
See the copious letters of the Princesse de Talmont to Maurepas during 1746–7 housed among the Maurepas papers at Cornell University.

33
Maupeou to Maurepas, 1 November 1746, 10 March 1747, M P.

34
Maurepas to Stanislas, 12 March 1747, M P.

35
Bongie,
Love of a Prince
, op.cit., pp.222–3.

36
Almost certainly Madame du Deffand.

37
Walpole Correspondence
, 8, pp.57–8.

38
D’Argenson, v, p.278.

39
A E M D Angleterre 83 f.295.

40
Ibid
., ff.296–7.

41
Add. MSS 32,812 f.377.

42
Barbier, iii, p.31. ‘For Charles Edward, going to the Opera was like ruling over a fantasy kingdom’, Bongie, op.cit., p.222.

43
R A Stuart 290/97.

44
R A Stuart 290/98.

45
Frederick the Great,
Politische Correspondenz
, vi, p.125; R A Stuart 291/75, 114, 153.

46
R A Stuart 292/13.

47
R A Stuart 292/84, 105, 117, 155.

48
R A Stuart 292/181.

49
R A Stuart 292/183; 293/1.

1
For their protests see Add. MSS 15,870 f.205; A E M D Angleterre 80. f.32; Browne, iv, pp.32–4; R A Stuart 292/1–5.

2
Add. MSS 32,813 f.158; A E M D Angleterre 80 ff.46–8.

3
A E M D Angleterre 80 f.44.

4
Add. MSS 32,812 f.417.

5
The letter also contained a long complaint about the prince’s personal attitude to his sovereign and father (Browne, iv, p.37; R A Stuart 293/10).

6
Browne, iv, pp.38, 49–51; R A Stuart 293/32.

7
Browne, iv, pp.38–9; R A Stuart 293/38.

8
Luynes, ix, p.260.

9
Browne, iv, p.49.

10
A E M D Angleterre 80 f.71.

11
Ibid
., f.65.

12
Add. MSS 32,814 ff.161, 169.

13
Add. MSS 32,813 ff.198, 326.

14
Add. MSS 32,814 ff.163–5.

15
Add. MSS 32,814 f.167.

16
Browne, iv, p.43; R A Stuart 294/131.

17
Barbier, iii, pp.40–1; Add. MSS 34,523 f.82; A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.82–3.

18
Browne, iv, p.49.

19
D’Argenson, v, p.284.

20
R A Stuart Box 1/287.

21
A E M D, Angleterre 80 f.85.

22
Ibid
., f.84.

23
Ibid
., f.85; Browne, iv, pp.44–5; R A Stuart 294/176, 189.

24
Luynes, ix, p.123.

25
R A Stuart 294/73.

26
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.78–9.

27
See also Luynes, ix, p.263.

28
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.80–1.

29
Frederick the Great,
Politische Correspondenz
, vi, pp.271, 295.

30
Ibid
., vi, p.304. He did, however, admit that he was curious to learn how the cliff-hanger ended.

31
Benedict to Tencin, 5 June, 22 November 1748, Morelli, ii, pp.56, 101.

32
For the day-to-day unfolding of the crisis, up to and beyond the arrest on 10 December, see
Daily Advertiser
, 18 November–26 December;
St James’s Evening Post
, 29 November–20 December 1748.

33
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.126–31.

34
D’Argenson, v, p.289.

35
Compton Mackenzie,
Prince Charlie’s Ladies
, op.cit., p.168.

36
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.88, 92–3.

37
Ibid
., f.91.

38
Ibid
., f.107.

39
D’Argenson, v, p.277.

40
Luynes, ix, pp.136, 259.

41
R A Stuart Box 1/292.

42
R A Stuart Box 1/287.

43
Luynes, ix, p.259.

44
D’Argenson, v, p.284.

45
A S V, Francia, 491 ff.220–1.

46
Luynes, ix, p.257.

47
D’Argenson, v, p.284.

48
Luynes, ix, p.258.

49
D’Argenson, v, p.288.

50
A S V, Francia, 491 f.223.

51
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.105–6.

52
Ibid
., ff.101–4; R A Stuart 295/34.

53
Barbier, iii, p.51.

54
Luynes, ix, p.263.

55
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 f.114.

56
Ibid
., f.110.

57
Luynes, ix, p.265.

58
Bibliothèque Arsenal MS 7464 f.29.

59
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.158.

60
R A Stuart 296/8.

61
Barbier, iii, pp.40–1; D’Argenson, v, pp.278, 285, 296–7.

62
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.74.

63
Ibid
.

64
Tencin to Belle-Isle, 9 December 1748. Guerre Al/3313 f.80.

65
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.25.

66
Ibid
., f.75.

67
Ibid
.

68
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.95–6.

69
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.163.

70
D’Argenson, v, p.317.

71
A S V, Avignone 111 f.26; D’Argenson, v, pp.319, 367.

72
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 f.117.

73
Luynes, ix, p.142.

74
A S V, Francia, 491 f.187.

75
Ibid
., ff.182, 196–7, 200; D’Argenson, v, p.236; Luynes, ix, p.123.

76
D’Argenson, v. p.297.

77
R A Stuart 345/162.

78
The plans are set out in exhaustive detail in A E M D, Angleterre, 82 ff.226–44.

79
Luynes, ix, p.149.

80
A S V, Francia 491 f.229.

81
R A Stuart 295/104.

82
R A Stuart 295/182.

83
Luynes, ix, p.149.

84
R A Stuart 295/104.

85
Luynes, ix, p.149.

86
Add. MSS 32,717 ff.504–5.

87
‘Réellement, c’est une belle chose que vous faites. C’est magnifique. Si j’avais mes montagnards vous ne m’oseraiez me prendre si facilement … si braves gens employés à une telle ministre.…’ ‘They had the insolence to tell me I should fear no hurt. I looked at them with indignation and contempt’ (R A Stuart 295/182).

88
R A Stuart 295/104.

89
D’Argenson, v, p.313.

90
Ibid
., p.310.

91
R A Stuart 295/104.

92
R A Stuart 296/7.

93
R A Stuart 295/182.

94
R A Stuart 295/104.

95
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.133–4.

96
D’Argenson, v, p.313.

97
Luynes, ix, p.150.

98
R A Stuart 295/104.

99
R A Stuart 296/7.

100
R A Stuart 295/182.

101
Luynes, ix, p.152.

102
R A Stuart 295/104.

103
R A Stuart 295/163.

104
R A Stuart 295/104.

105
Ibid
.

106
Luynes, ix, p.151.

107
R A Stuart 295/104.

108
A E C P, Angleterre, 425 f.17.

109
R A Stuart 295/104.

110
Ibid
.

111
R A Stuart Box 1/293–4.

112
Bibliothèque Arsenal MS 11658 ff.174–226 contains exhaustive detail on Berryer’s search of the prince’s house and the arrest of his followers.

113
D’Argenson, v, p.518.

114
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 f.145.

115
Ibid
.

116
Luynes, ix, p.155; R A Stuart 295/122.

117
A E C P, Angleterre Supplement, 10 f.242.

118
A E M D, Angleterre, 80 ff.16–69.

119
Ibid
., f.172.

120
Ibid
., f.173.

121
Ibid
., f.172.

122
Ibid
., ff.150, 153.

123
Ibid
., f.175.

124
Ibid
., ff.156–7.

125
Ibid
., ff.181–2.

126
Ibid
., ff.178, 183.

127
Ibid
., f.180.

128
E. C. Mossner,
Life of David Hume
(Edinburgh, 1954), pp.218–19.

129
A E M D, Angleterre, 80, f.200.

130
Ibid
., f.205.

131
Ibid
., f.219.

132
Ibid
., ff.224–30.

133
A E C P, Angleterre, Supplement, 10 f.242.

1
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.75; D’Argenson, v, p.312.

2
D’Argenson, v, p.313.

3
Journal inédit du duc de Croy
, ed. Grouchy and Cottin, 4 vols (Paris, 1906), i, pp.113–15.

4
F. Masson, ed.,
Mémoires et lettres de Cardinal Bernis
(Paris, 1878), i, p.119.

5
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.27; D’Argenson, v, p.316.

6
Frederick to Chambrier, 21 December 1748,
Politische Correspondenz
, vi, p.324. He asked Chambrier to write to him no more about the prince.

7
A E C P, Rome, 803 f.178.

8
D’Argenson, v, p.315.

9
Tencin to Belle-Isle, 19 December 1748, Guerre Al/3313 f.116.

10
Barbier, iii, p.52.

11
Bibliothèque d’Arsenal MS, 3128 f.347; Maurice Tourneux, ed.,
Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique par Grimm, Diderot, Raynal, Meister, etc
. (Paris, 1877), i, p.257; D’Argenson, v, pp.371–2. Some good examples are reproduced in Bongie,
Love of a Prince
, op.cit., pp.263–5.

12
S P Tuscany 56 f.275.

13
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.29. Walpole did his dubious best to pour scorn on all this. ‘What a mercy that we had not him here! With a temper so impetuous and obstinate as to provoke a French government when in their power, what would he have done with an English government in his power’ (
Walpole Correspondence
, 20, pp.8–9).

14
For a long dispatch, illustrating this in detail see A S V, Avignone, 111 ff.164–7.

15
D’Argenson, v, p.317.

16
Ibid
., pp.319–20.

17
Ibid
., v, p.368.

18
Luynes, ix, p.151.

19
A E C P, Angleterre, Supplement 10 f.242.

20
Browne, iv, p.52; R A Stuart 295/198.

21
S P Tuscany 56 f.273; Morelli, ii, pp.115–16.

22
Morelli, ii, pp.121–2.

23
MS 2572 Bibliothèque du Musée Calvet, quoted in H. Tayler, ‘Jacobite Papers at Avignon’,
Scottish Historical Society
, 3rd series, XXI, Miscellany V (Edinburgh, 1933), pp.309–11.

24
MS 2825, Bibliothèque du Musée Calvet, quoted in Tayler, loc.cit., p.309.

25
A S V, Avignone, 194 ff.65, 67.

26
Benedict XIV to Tencin, 21 January 1749, Morelli, ii, pp.121–2.

27
A S V, Avignone, 194 f.67.

28
Benedict XIV to Tencin, 1 January 1749, Morelli, ii, pp.115–16.

29
The Pope shrewdly predicted that the prince was merely pretending to settle in Avignon as a prelude to a mysterious disappearance (Morelli, ii, pp.120–2).

30
A S V, Avignone, 111 ff.30–1, 33–4, 40, 45.

31
Morelli, ii, p.120.

32
R A Stuart 296/171–2.

33
The Pope had a genuine affection for James, who was in despair over his son’s conduct. Benedict told Tencin that James’s sorrow had never been so great, not even when Charles Edward was in Scotland and his father daily expected to hear of his death or capture (Morelli, ii, pp.122–3).

34
Morelli, ii, pp.134–5.

35
Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
, p.5.

36
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.46.

37
Morelli, ii, p.127.

38
S P Tuscany 53 f.212. For the personalities and career of the cardinals involved see C. Berton,
Dictionnaire des Cardinaux
(Paris, 1857), p.1127; Michael Ranfft,
Merkwurdige Lebesgeschichte aller Cardinale
(Regensburg, 1773), iii, p.348. For Benedict’s poor opinion of Riviera, Lanti and Corsini, respectively cardinal protectors of England, Scotland and Ireland, see Benedict to Tencin, 29 January 1749, Morelli, ii, pp.122–3.

39
Morelli, ii, pp.120–2.

40
A S V, Avignone, 111 ff.19–21, 55–6, 63, 65, 68–9.

41
Add. MSS 32, 816 ff.144, 165.

42
A S V, Francia, 491 ff.237, 239.

43
Ibid
., ff.241, 243.

44
Ibid
., f.245.

45
P. Vaucher, ed.,
Recueil des Instructions aux Ambassadeurs: Angleterre 1688–1791
(Paris, 1965), iii, p.329.

46
Add. MSS, 32,816 f.165.

47
Ibid
., ff.233–4.

48
For the sustained English pressure on France see S P France 232 ff.20, 33, 94.

49
Morelli, ii, pp.141–2. As the Pope explained to Tencin on 5 February, whereas Louis XV had a treaty with George II and had had to act against the prince, he did not and did not feel like expelling him. To invite others to do it would be too much like cowardice and would be a blot on his conscience (Morelli, ii, pp.124–5). Benedict’s best-case scenario was that the prince would move to one of the papal states. The Pope would then be free of French pressures, but still able to claim that he had resisted English pressure (Benedict to Tencin, 2 April 1749, Morelli, ii, p.142).

50
A S V, Avignone, 111 ff.62, 64.

51
A S V, Avignone, 194 ff.69–74.

52
Tayler, ‘Jacobite Papers’, loc.cit., pp.297–8.

53
A S V Avignone, 111 ff.80–6.

54
S P Tuscany 53 f.218.

55
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.97.

56
In a cold rage he remarked to Tencin on 26 February that Charles Edward seemed to think that because the Vatican had traditionally supported the Stuarts, he was compelled to indulge the caprices of a prince who had not even written him a single line, yet accepted all favours done for him as his due (Morelli, ii, p.131).

57
Morelli, ii, p.131.

58
A S V, Avignone, 111 ff.102–4.

59
Ibid
., ff.23–9, 74–7, 157–67.

60
Morelli, ii, pp.128–9.

61
Morelli, ii, pp.121–2, 131–2.

62
A S V, Avignone, 111 ff.111–12.

63
A S V, Avignone, 194 ff.72, 74–6.

64
Ibid
., f.76.

65
S P France 232 f.73.

66
Morelli, ii, pp.131–2.

67
A S V, Acignone, 111 ff.124–5.

68
Ibid
., ff.131–2.

69
Ibid
., ff.120–2. The story soon reached England. Cf. Add. MSS 32,816 f.229.

70
A S V, Avignone, 111 f.133; Morelli, ii, pp.135–6.