Bolivar: American Liberator (113 page)

appointed War Department head,
100

Toro, María Teresa Rodríguez del,
46
–49,
100
,
453

death of,
49
,
50

marriage of SB and,
48
–49

Toro family,
57
,
82
,
182

Torres, Camilo,
128
,
129
,
136
,
138
,
145
,
168
,
183

execution of,
237

Torres, Manuel,
288
,
519

Torre Tagle, Marquis of,
308
–9,
311
,
312
,
348
,
350

defection to Spanish of,
317
,
318
,
552

Tovar, Count of,
81
–82

Tovar family,
81
,
182

Trafalgar, Battle of (1805),
70
,
170
,
256

Tristan, Flora,
54
,
55
–56,
477

Tristan y Moscoso, Mariano de,
55
,
60

Trujillo, Venezuela,
139
,
140
,
141
–42,
254
,
308
,
312
,
318

SB in,
319
–20

tuberculosis,
8
,
21
,
391
,
406
,
418
,
432
,
441
,
445
–46,
448
,
451
–53,
455
–56

Tudor, William,
385

Tunja, Colombia,
128
,
129
,
134
,
136
,
138
,
168
,
243

Túpac Amaru II,
29
–30

Turbaco, Colombia,
438

Uluapa, Marquesa of,
41

Uluapa, Marquis of,
40

Unanúe, Hipólito,
350

Union of New Granada,
138

United States,
354

Bolivian constitution and,
351

Colombia recognized by,
288
–89

1811 earthquake in,
110

federal system of,
223

Florida purchase of,
259
,
261

Greater Colombia and,
258
–61

Miranda-Smith affair in,
73
,
74

New Madrid earthquake in (1812),
110

in “quasi-war” with France,
39

in refusal to arm South American rebels,
155

SB’s trip to,
71
–75

SB’s unified South America opposed by,
353
–54

slavery in,
72
,
259

Spanish American policy of,
74

and South American revolutions,
155
,
174
–75

in War of 1812,
111
–12,
157
–58

Upper Peru,
see
Bolivia

Urdaneta, Rafael,
145
,
192
,
206
,
227
,
247
,
263
,
374
,
419
,
426
,
429
,
449

anti-liberal coup of,
445
,
446

assassination conspirators dispersed by,
402
,
403

as Colombian minister of war,
414

in defection from Mariño,
202

loyalty to Páez of,
367

loyalty to SB of,
139
,
398
,
404

in Maracaibo rebellion,
262

in monarchy scheme,
414
–15,
424
,
553

overthrow of,
456

Santander’s enmity toward,
404

SB’s attack on,
435

and trial of Santander,
407

Uribe, Miguel Saturnino,
511

Urica, Battle of (1814),
164

Ustáriz, Marquis of, as SB’s mentor,
44
–45,
46

Valdés, Jerónimo,
320
,
321
,
325
,
332
,
334
,
335

Valencia, Venezuela,
103
–5,
106
,
109
,
112
,
145
,
150
,
159
,
485

Valle de Upar,
131

Valparaiso, Chile,
276

Van Buren, Martin,
386

Vargas battalion,
401
,
402

Vargas Laguna, Antonio,
65

Venezuela,
9
,
268
,
354
,
383
,
454
,
461

Chirino’s uprising in,
30
–31,
32

Committee of Confiscation in,
182

Creole coup in,
84
–86

Creole junta attempt in,
80
–81

1806 invasion of,
96

Gual-España conspiracy in,
36
–37,
38
,
69
–70

Morales in,
187
–88

Morillo in,
170
–72,
182
,
192

Páez as president of,
456
,
459

post-liberation discord in,
349

post-liberation economic and political problems in,
370

post-liberation insurrections in,
372

regional warlords in,
201

rival warlords in,
190
,
191

rotating presidency of,
98
,
100

SB as persona non grata in,
434
,
455

SB’s critics in,
434

SB’s December 1816 return to,
191
–92

SB’s flight from,
124
–28

in secession from Colombia,
426
,
435

Spain’s increased control over,
19
–20

taxes in,
19

Venezuela, first republic of (1810–12),
142

blacks and pardos in,
103

collapse of,
117
–19

creation of,
101

earthquake seen as God’s punishment for,
108
–10

federal constitution of,
106

Miranda appointed dictator of,
112
–13

as partial democracy,
102
–3

racial discrimination in,
103

racism in,
106

royalists in,
102
,
103
–4,
105
,
106

slave insurrection in,
113

Venezuela, second republic of (1813–14):

civil war in,
154
,
155

collapse of,
163

Legions of Hell in,
151
–52

SB as dictator of,
149
–50,
154

slave insurrection in,
151

wholesale barbarism in,
151
–53,
156
–57,
158
,
161
,
165

Venezuela, third republic of:

congress of,
see
Second National Congress, Venezuelan

constitution of,
222
,
225

SB’s proclamation of,
184

SB as supreme chief of,
200

warlord’s insubordination in,
244
–46

Veracruz, Mexico,
39
,
41

Vergara, Estanislao,
414
–15

Villa, José de,
552

Villaret, Captain,
187

Villegas, Micaela “La Perricholi,”
526

Vinoni, Francisco,
115
,
234
–35

Viscardo y Guzmán, Juan Pablo,
19
,
28

Voltaire,
20
,
30
,
36
,
149
,
269

War of 1812,
111
–12,
157
–58

“war to the death,”
2
,
142
–43,
151
,
154
,
157
,
165
,
184
,
185
,
196
,
233
,
235
,
254
,
458
,
495

Washington, George,
6
,
19

SB compared to,
4
–5,
447

Waterloo, Battle of (1815),
174
,
216
–17,
264

Watts, Beaufort,
385

Wealth of Nations
(Smith),
20

Wellesley, Richard Colley, Marquis of,
88
–91,
95
,
155
,
174
,
256
,
483

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of,
92
,
101
,
155
,
170
,
174
,
216
,
217
,
256

White Volunteers of Valley of Aragua,
37

Wilson, Belford H.,
124
,
351
,
449

Wilson, Henry C.,
213
,
215
,
220

Wordsworth, William,
59

Xedler family,
8

Yacuanquer, Battle of (1822),
306
–7

Yañez, Juan,
152
–53,
156

Yapeyú, Argentina,
272

“year without a summer,”
181
–82,
498

Yerupajá, Mount,
323

Zaraza, Pedro,
190
,
192

Zea, Francisco Antonio,
179
,
201
,
225
,
245
,
246
,
247
,
252
,
259
,
371

Zuazola, Antonio,
135
,
151

Zubiaga de Gamarra, Francisca,
360

Zulia River,
137

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Arana, Marie.

Bolívar : American liberator / Marie Arana. — 1st Simon & Schuster hardcover ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Bolívar, Simón, 1783–1830. 2. Heads of state—South America—Biography. 3. South America—History—Wars of Independence, 1806–1830. I. Title.

F2235.3.A876 2013

980'.02092—dc23

[B]          2012034661

ISBN 978-1-4391-1019-5

ISBN 978-1-4391-2495-6 (ebook)

Frontispiece drawing by José María Espinosa, Colección Fundación John Boulton, Caracas.