Blue: The LAPD and the Battle to Redeem American Policing (73 page)

14 percent increase in violent crime
: “Violent Crime Rose 14.3% in L.A.”

rise of over
28 percent
in every category of aggravated assaults
: Ibid.

“identified 10 people . . . beaten, burned, suffocated, or shot”
: “The Truth About Chicago’s Crime Rates,”
Chicago
, April 7, 2014.

“serious felonies”
: Ibid.

“crimes are being downgraded”
: Eterno and Silverman,
The Crime Numbers Game
; “Policing by the Numbers,”
NYT
, June 17, 2012; “The LAPD and the End of Charlie Beck’s Honeymoon,” Crime Report, November 14, 2014.

Chicago police statistics . . . crimes dropped 56 percent
: “The Truth About Chicago’s Crime Rates.”

“the miraculous”
: Ibid.

de Blasio . . . 95 percent of the African-American vote
: “Activists: De Blasio Picks ‘Not Diverse Enough,’ ”
New York Post
, April 18, 2014; “NYC Elections 2013: Exit Polls Show Bill de Blasio Swept Virtually Every Demographic over Joe Lhota,”
NYDN
, November 5, 2013.

NYPD . . . stopped-questioned-and/or-frisked over 97,000 New Yorkers
: “For New York Police, There’s No End to the Stops,”
NYT
, May, 14, 2012; “Stop-and-Frisk Data.”

By 2011, that number had exploded to over 685,000
: “For New York Police, There’s No End to the Stops”; “Among Blacks and Latinos, Resentment Toward NYPD Lingers,”
Washington Post
, December 24, 2014; “Too Many Innocents Harassed by NYPD’s ‘Stop and Frisk’ Practices,”
NYDN
, January 8, 2013; “Stop-and-Frisk Data.”

158,000 black males . . . stopped more than 168,000 times
: “New NYCLU Report Finds NYPD Stop-and-Frisk Practices Ineffective, Reveals Depth of Racial Disparities,” NYCLU, May 9, 2012; “Report Finds Stop-and-Frisk Focused on Black Youth,”
WSJ
, May 9, 2012.

“defining moment in
[
New York
]
history”
: “Mayor de Blasio Announces Agreement in Landmark Stop-and-Frisk Case,” Office of the Mayor, City of New York, January 30, 2014; “De Blasio Announces Settlement to End Stop and Frisk Case Against City,”
U.S. News & World Report
, January 30, 2014.

“solemn promise to every New Yorker”
: Ibid.

broken-windows policing
: “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety,”
Atlantic
, March 1, 1982.

choke hold banned by the NYPD since
1993
: “Kelly Bans Choke Holds by Officers,”
NYT
, November 24, 1993.

“It was evident”
: “Bill Bratton in New York, Take Two.”

less than twenty-five grams of marijuana . . . punishable by a $100 fine
: “Concerns in Criminal Justice System as New York City Eases Marijuana Policy,”
NYT
, November 10, 2014; “Order for Summons, in Lieu of Arrest for Possession of Marijuana,”
NYT
, November 10, 2014; “The War on Drugs Is Burning Out,”
Rolling Stone
, January 8, 2015.

homicides . . . new record low
: “Murders in New York Drop to a Record Low, but Officers Aren’t Celebrating,”
NYT
, December 31, 2014.

homicides . . . had dropped yet again to . . . 328
: Ibid.

robberies, meanwhile, had fallen by 14 percent
: Ibid.

stop-and-frisks had plunged
79 percent
: “Contrary to Predictions, NYC Crime Down Despite Decline of Stop-and-Frisk,” Crime Report, December 4, 2014; “NYC’s Homicide Total Is Down 6.8% This Year, de Blasio Says,” Bloomberg, December 2, 2014; “NYC ‘Stop and Frisk’ Almost Gone. Yet Crime Continues to Drop. Why?”
Christian Science Monitor
, December 3, 2014.

By year’s end . . . fewer than 50,000 stops
: William Bratton interview with Scott Pelley,
CBS Evening News with Scott Pelley
, December 4, 2014; “Bratton: Kelly’s Stop-and-Frisk Caused Minorities to Fear Cops,”
New York Post
, December 8, 2014.

two-thirds of New Yorkers believed that Daniel Pantaleo . . . should have been indicted
: “Nearly Two-Thirds of New Yorkers Believe Officer Daniel Pantaleo Should Be Charged in the Death of Eric Garner: Poll,”
NYDN
, December 13, 2014.

“painful conversations”
: “De Blasio Draws upon His Family to Console NYC,”
Salon
, December 3, 2014; “De Blasio Talks of Son Dante, Draws on Family Experiences After Garner Grand Jury Decision,” NBC News, December 4, 2014; “Mayor De Blasio to New Yorkers: We Must Work to Build the Kind of City We Need to Be,”
CBS New York
, December 4, 2014.

an officer had his nose broken
: “NYPD Hunting for 6 Protestors After Melee Leaves Officer with a Broken Nose,”
LAT
, December 15, 2014; “Amid Assaults on Officers, New York Police Rethink Their Response to Protests,”
NYT
, December 14, 2014; “Man Sought in Assault on Officers During Brooklyn Bridge Protest Surrenders,”
NYT
, December 18, 2014.

Bratton had fake blood thrown on him
: “Bill Bratton Sprayed with Paint During Times Square Protest Following Ferguson Decision,”
NYDN
, November 24, 2014; “Occupy Wall Street Protestor Busted in Fake Blood Attack on NYPD Commissioner Bratton During Ferguson Demonstration,”
NYDN
, November 25, 2014; “Bratton Throws the Book at Fake Blood Splasher,”
New York Post
, November 25, 2014.

pepper-sprayed Occupy Wall Street protesters
: “3 Sue Over Pepper-Spraying by Police at Fall Occupy Wall St. Protest,”
NYT
, July 31, 2012; “Police Use Pepper Spray on Demonstrators at ‘Occupy Wall Street’ Protest,”
Time
, September 26, 2011; “Cops Caught Pepper-Spraying, Punching Occupy Wall Street Protestors Will Not Be Prosecuted: DA,”
NYDN
, April 20, 2013.

protests in Philadelphia, Chicago
: “Protests Flare After Ferguson Police Officer Is Not Indicted,”
NYT
, November 24, 2014.

Harvard and about forty other medical schools . . . protesting Brown and Garner’s deaths
: “Medical Students Across U.S. Hold ‘Die-Ins’ to Protest Racism,” UPI, December 10, 2014; “Harvard Students Stage ‘Die-In’ to Protest Ferguson, NYC Cases,”
Boston Globe
, December 10, 2014; “After Protests, Harvard Law Students Request Exam Delay,”
Boston Globe
, December 10, 2014; “Law Schools Delay Exams for Students Upset by Ferguson, Eric Garner Decisions,” AP, December 10, 2014.

LeBron James and Kobe Bryant wore “I Can’t Breathe” T-shirts
: “President Obama Praises LeBron James’s ‘I Can’t Breathe’ Shirt,”
Washington Post
, December 19, 2014: “At Nets Game, a Plan for a Simple Statement Is Carried Out to a T,”
NYT
, December 9, 2014; “Kobe Bryant: ‘I Can’t Breathe’ Protest Not About Race but Justice,”
LAT
, December 10, 2014; “Kobe Bryant and Lakers Wear ‘I Can’t Breathe’ Shirts in Show of Support for Eric Garner’s Family,”
NYDN
, December 10, 2014.

Ismaaiyl Brinsley shot and killed NYPD officers
: “Two NYPD Officers ‘Assassinated’ While Sitting in Patrol Car in Brooklyn by Gunman Who Boasted on Instagram About ‘Revenge’ Killing Cops,”
NYDN
, December 21, 2014; “Cop Shooter Ismaaiyl Brinsley Bragged to Brooklyn Bystanders Just Before Fatally Shooting NYPD Officers Wenjian Liu, Rafael Ramos,”
NYDN
, December 21, 2014; “Gunman Executes 2 NYPD Cops in Garner ‘Revenge,’ ”
New York Post
, December 20, 2014.

“A predictable outcome”
: George Pataki’s Twitter page, accessed February 9, 2015,
https://twitter.com/governorpataki/status/546489605378551808
.

“an anti-police campaign”
: “Slain New York Officers ‘Brought Back Horrible Memories,’ Says Former NYPD Commissioner,”
Good Morning America
, ABC, December 21, 2014.

“set off this
[
post-murder
]
firestorm”
: Ibid.

“starts on the steps of City Hall”
: “For Mayor de Blasio and New York Police, a Rift Is Ripped Open,”
NYT
, December 21, 2014; “NYPD Cops Furious with Bill de Blasio Turn Their Backs on the Mayor as He Enters Hospital Where Officers Died,”
NYDN
, December 20, 2014; “NYC Police Deaths: Details on Suspect; Rift Between Mayor and Police,” NPR, December 22, 2014.

well over a dozen cops . . . turned their backs in unison
: “Police Turn Their Back on De Blasio,”
New York Post
, December 20, 2014; “NYPD Cops Furious with Bill de Blasio Turn Their Backs on the Mayor as He Enters Hospital Where Officers Died”; “NYC Police Deaths: Details on Suspect; Rift Between Mayor and Police.”

funerals of Ramos and Liu
: “Cops Ignore Bratton, Turn Backs on de Blasio at Officer’s Funeral,”
New York Post
, January 4, 2015; “Police Turn Their Backs on Mayor During Second NYPD Officer Funeral,”
Time
, January 4, 2015; “Police Officers Turn Their Backs on de Blasio During Eulogy for Officer Rafael Ramos,”
NYDN
, December 27, 2014; “De Blasio Speaks at Funeral; Officers Turn Their Backs,”
USA Today
, December 27, 2014.

By the mid-1980s, two to three thousand drug raids
: “Ending the Era of the Warrior Cop?” Crime Report, November 5, 2013; “The Real Story of Ferguson,” Crime Report, August 18, 2014; “Critics Knock No-Knock Police Raids,”
USA Today
, February 13, 2011; “Rise of the Warrior Cop,”
WSJ
, August 7, 2013.

By 2010 . . . soared to seventy to eighty thousand per year
: “How ‘Warrior Policing’ Fails the Homeless Mentally Ill,” Crime Report, April 15, 2014; “The Real Story of Ferguson”; “Critics Knock No-Knock Police Raids.”

“seriously injured, maimed, or killed by such flashbangs”
: “Hotter Than Lava,”
ProPublica
, January 12, 2015.

$4 billion in surplus military equipment donated
: “Ferguson Shows the Risks of Militarized Policing,”
NYT
, August 14, 2014.

$34 billion
in “terrorism grants”
: Ibid.

federal oversight . . . more than twenty cities
: “Police Reform’s Best Tool: A Federal Consent Decree,” Crime Report, July 15, 2014; “Can Anyone Fix the Ferguson Police Department?”
Slate
, August 18, 2014; “These 4 Cities Show What Federal Intervention Could Look Like in Ferguson,”
Time
, August 15, 2014; “As Justice Department Scrutinizes Local Police, Cleveland Is Latest Focus,”
NYT
, June 17, 2014.

Obama also created a “Task Force on 21st Century Policing”
: “Obama Plays Top Cop, Forms Task Force on Police Conduct Post-Ferguson,”
Washington Times
, December 18, 2014; “Obama Appoints Task Force on Police Practices,”
USA Today
, December 18, 2014; “White House to Launch Task Force on ’21st Century Policing,’ ” NPR, December 1, 2014.