Bloody Dawn (25 page)

39.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 324.

5. The Fairest City

1.
OR
, 22, 1:590.

2.
G. W. Brown,
Reminiscences of Gov R. J. Walker
(Rockford, Ill.: G. W. Brown, 1902), 19.

3.
Lawrence Journal
, Apr. 16, 1863.

4.
Ibid., May 9, 1861; H. D. Fisher,
The Gun and the Gospel
(Chicago: Kenwood, 1896), 156–57, 167–70, 185–86.

5.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:323.

6.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 337–40.

7.
Lawrence Journal
, June 25, 1863.

8.
Peter D. Ridenour,
Autobiography of Peter D. Ridenour
(Kansas City, Mo., 1908), 144–47, 183; James Horton, “Peter D. Ridenour and Harlow W. Baker, Two Pioneer Kansas Merchants,”
KHC
10 (1907–8): 601–2.

9.
Martha B. Caldwell, “The Eldridge House,”
KHQ
9, no. 4 (1940): 362–63; (Topeka)
Kansas State Record
, Aug. 26, 1863; Douglas County Scrapbook, LKSHS, 3:161; “Sallie Young and Quantrell,” by Alex E. Case, Learned Scrapbook, Kansas Collections, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence, vol. 4 (1863).

10.
DAB
, s.v. “Robinson, Charles”; Letter, A. A. Lawrence to Chas. Robinson, Jan. 31, 1856, Papers of Charles and Sara T. D. Robinson, 1834–1911, LKSHS.

11.
Robinson,
Kansas
, 123.

12.
Ibid., 325–26.

13.
DAB
, s.v. “Robinson, Charles.”

14.
Letter, Charles to Sara Robinson, June 17, 1861, Robinson Papers, LKSHS.

15.
Oskaloosa Independent
, June 5, 1861.

16.
OR
, 3:468–69.

17.
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Sept. 3, 23, 1863.

18.
Lawrence Republican
, June 5, 1862.

19.
Castel,
Frontier State
, 21.

20.
Alice Nichols,
Bleeding Kansas
(New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1954), 42.

21.
Jay Monaghan,
Civil War on the Western Border, 1854–1865
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1955), 31.

22.
Edgar Langsdorf, “Jim Lane and the Frontier Guard,”
KHQ
9 (Feb. 1940): 22–23.

23.
OR
, 3:455, 490.

24.
Lawrence Republican
, Oct. 3, 1861;
OR
, 3:196; Castel,
Frontier State
, 54;
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Nov. 12, 1863.

25.
Henry E. Palmer, “The Black Flag Character of the War on the Border,”
KHC
9 (1905–6): 457;
Lawrence Republican
, Oct. 3, 1861;
Atchison Freedom's Champion
, Nov. 23, 1861; Albert Castel, “Kansas Jayhawking Raids into Western Missouri in 1861,”
MHR
54, no. 1 (Oct. 1959): 4·

26.
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Nov. 16, 1861.

27.
Lawrence Republican
, Jan. 9, 1862.

28.
Lawrence Journal
, Oct. 17, 1861.

29.
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Oct. 9, 1861.

30.
Cordley,
Lawrence
, 190–91.

31.
OR
, 22, 1:585–86, 589–90.

6. Vengeance in My Heart

1.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 324–25;
OR
, 22, 1:583; Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:321; Kansas Scrapbook, LKSHS, 9:79.

2.
Olathe Mirror
, Dec. 19, 1861.

3.
Lawrence Journal
, July 31, 1862.

4.
Blair,
Johnson County
, 196–98;
Lawrence Republican
, Sept. 11, 1862;
Lawrence Journal
, Sept. 11, 1862.

5.
OR
, 13:803.

6.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 200.

7.
Ibid., 227–28, 230–31, 234;
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Mar. 13, 22,

8.
Lawrence Republican
, Mar. 13, 1862.

9.
Liberty
(Mo.)
Tribune
, March 21, 1862; Brownlee,
Gray Ghosts
, 64;
Kansas City Daily Journal
, Mar. 18, 23, 1862; Birdsall,
Jackson County
, 472.

10.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 241–43; Joyce Farlow and Louise Barry, eds., “Vincent B. Osborne's Civil War Experiences,”
KHQ
20, no. 2 (May 1952): 127–28.

11.
Albert Castel,
William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times
(New York: Frederick Fell, 1962), 77–80.

12.
Ibid., 82–83.

13.
Kansas City Daily Journal
, July 13, 14, 1862; Barnes, “An Editor Looks,” 124.

14.
Leavenworth Daily Times
, June 28, 1862.

15.
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Aug. 2, 5, 1862.

16.
Castel,
Quantrill
, 88–92.

17.
Brownlee,
Gray Ghosts
, 99.

18.
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Aug. 19, 26, 1862.

19.
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Aug. 23, 1862.

20.
Blair,
Johnson County
, 164–65; Connelley,
Quantrill
, 275;
Olathe Mirror
, Oct, 25, 1862.

21.
Castel,
Quantrill
, 100.

22.
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Sept. 18, 1862.

23.
Lawrence Journal
, Sept. 11, 1862.

24.
Wyandotte Commercial Gazette
, Sept. 13, 1862; Connelley,
Quantrill
, 282.

25.
Atchison Freedom's Champion
, May 30, 1863.

26.
Boston Daily Advertiser
, Aug. 24, 1863.

27.
Garwood,
Crossroads of America
, 50–51.

28.
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Aug. 14, 1863.

29.
George Miller,
Missouri's Memorable Decade, 1860–1870
(Columbia, Mo: E. W. Stephens, 1898), 76.

30.
Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 1:186.

31.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 62, 64–66.

32.
Castel,
Quantrill
, 26.

33.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 77–82.

34.
Ibid., 89–91, 95.

35.
Ibid., 114—15.

36.
Henry Earle Riggs,
Our Pioneer Ancestors
(Ann Arbor, Mich., 1942), 204; Kansas Scrapbook, LKSHS, “L,” 5:131.

37.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 154–59; John J. Lutz, “Quantrill and the Morgan Walker Tragedy,”
KHC
8 (1903–4): 324–26.

38.
“The Lawrence Raid,” William H. Gregg Manuscript, LKSHS, 3.

39.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 331.

40.
Ibid., 328.

41.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:321.

42.
Connelley,
Quantrill
, 94–95, 101–2, 125.

7. Death in My Hand

1.
H. E. Lowman,
Narrative of the Lawrence Massacre
(Lawrence: State Journal, 1864), 49.

2.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:321–22.

3.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 49.

4.
Russell E. Bidlack, ed., “Erastus D. Ladd's Description of the Lawrence Massacre,”
KHQ
29, no. 2 (Summer 1963): 116.

5.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322.

6.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 49–50.

7.
Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 2:199; Lowman,
Narrative
, 52; John C. Shea,
Reminiscences of Quantrell's Raid
(Kansas City, Mo.: Isaac P. Moore, 1879), 24.

8.
Richard Cordley,
Pioneer Days in Kansas
(Boston: Pilgrim, 1903), 179.

9.
R. G. Elliott, “The Quantrill Raid as Seen from the Eldridge House,”
KHC
2 (1920): 188–89.

10.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 53–55.

11.
Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 2:1; Lowman,
Narrative
, 55; Shea,
Reminiscences
, 20.

12.
Shea,
Reminiscences
, 21; Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 1:17.

13.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322;
Kansas City Daily Journal
Aug. 25, 1863.

14.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 50.

15.
Boston Daily Post
, Sept. 2, 1863;
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Aug. 24, 1863; Lowman,
Narrative
, 57, 82; Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 1:17.

16.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322.

17.
Mrs. R. C. Dix, “Quantrill's Raid—An Eyewitness Account,”
WHQ
1, no. 1 (May 1965): 8–11;
New York Daily Times
, Aug. 30, 1863; Elliott, “Quantrill Raid,” 194.

18.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322; Elliott, “Quantrill Raid,” 188; Cordley,
Lawrence
, 211–12.

19.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322.

20.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 71–72.

21.
New York Daily Times
, Sept. 4, 1863; John I. Speer,
The Life of Gen. James H. Lane
(Garden City, Kans.: John Speer, 1896), 265–66;
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Aug. 23, 1863.

22.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322;
New York Daily Times
, Aug. 30, 1863;
Leavenworth Daily Times
, Aug. 23, 1863; Cordley,
Lawrence
, 212;
Manhattan Independent
, Sept. 28, 1863; Lowman,
Narrative
, 61–62; Douglas County Historical Society Files, box 5, folder 15, p. 3, Kansas Collection, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

23.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322.

24.
Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 1:67–71.

25.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 70.

26.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:323; Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS 1:73; Riggs,
Pioneer Ancestors
, 205.

27.
Elliott, “Quantrill Raid,” 191; Riggs,
Pioneer Ancestors
, 206;
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Aug. 24, 1863.

28.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 50–51, 82–84; Shea,
Reminiscences
, 4; Elliott, “Quantrill Raid,” 187.

29.
Fisher,
The Gun and the Gospel
, 185–93.

30.
Ibid., 186–87; Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 1:75.

31.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322.

32.
Ibid., 323; Shea,
Reminiscences
, 23.

33.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322; Lowman,
Narrative
, 88.

34.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:323; John Speer, “The Burning of Osceola, Mo., by Lane, and the Quantrill Massacre Contrasted,”
KHC
6 (1897–1900): 311; John M. Peterson, ed., “Letters of Edward and Sarah Fitch, Lawrence, Kansas, 1855–1863, Part II,”
Kansas History
12, no. 2 (Summer 1989): 96, 100.

35.
Quantrill Scrapbook, LKSHS, 1:57.

36.
Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:322–23;
New York Daily Times
, Sept. 4, 1863.

37.
Cordley,
Lawrence
, 224–26.

38.
Shea,
Reminiscences
, 11; Barnes, “An Editor Looks,” 147.

39.
Shea,
Reminiscences
, 16.

40.
Ibid., 17–19; Cordley,
Lawrence
, 217.

41.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 62–63.

42.
New York Daily Times
, Sept. 4, 1863;
Kansas City Daily Journal
, Sept. 27, 1863; Fisher,
The Gun and the Gospel
, 194–98;
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Oct. 6, 1863.

43.
Ridenour,
Autobiography
, 167; Speer, “Burning of Osceola,” 311; Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:323.

44.
Speer, “Burning of Osceola,” 310–11; Andreas,
Kansas
, 1:323; Shea,
Reminiscences
, 7.

45.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 84.

46.
Lawrence Daily Journal-World
, Aug. 21, 1924; Lowman,
Narrative
, 91; Shea,
Reminiscences
, 24.

47.
Cordley,
Pioneer Days
, 181–82.

48.
Bidlack, “Ladd's Description,” 118.

49.
Douglas County Scrapbook, LKSHS, vol. 7, from
Dodge City Globe
, Mar. 29, 1939; Ridenour,
Autobiography
, 183–85.

50.
Leavenworth Daily Conservative
, Aug. 24, 1863.

51.
Lowman,
Narrative
, 93; Cordley,
Lawrence
, 216.