Between Giants (66 page)

2
.   Hitler, A. (1971)
Mein Kampf
, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p.646

3
.   Rössler, M., Schleiermacher, S. (1996) ‘
Hauptlinien der nationalsozialistischen Planungs- und Vernichtungspolitik’
in
Central European History Journal
, Vol. 29, 2, pp.270–74

4
.   Speer, A. (1970)
Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs by Albert Speer
, London: Macmillan, p.115

5
.   Dallin, A. (1957)
German Rule in Russia 1941–45
, London: Macmillan, p.102

6
.   
Trials of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal 1947–49
, Vol. XXVI, pp.610–27, US Library of Congress

7
.   
Führer Naval Conferences
(1947) US Library of Congress, p.120

8
.   Quoted in Madajczyk, C. (1994)
Vom Generalplan Ost zum Generalsiedlungsplan: Dokumente
, Munich: Saur, p.24

9
.   Kay, A. (2006)
Exploitation, Resettlement, Mass Murder: Political and Economic Planning for German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union
, New York: Berghahn, p.211

10
. Snyder, T. (2011)
Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
, London: Vintage, pp.161–162

11
. Kay, p.164

12
.
Trials of the Major War Criminals
, Vol. XXXVIII, pp.86–94

13
. Raun, T. (2002)
Estonia and the Estonians (Studies of Nationalities),
Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, p161

14
. Quoted in Kangeris, K. (2008)
Latvijas Vēsturnieku Komisijas Raksti,
Riga: Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, p.241

15
. Eberhardt, P. (2006)
Political Migrations in Poland
, Warsaw: Studium Europy Wschodniej UW, p.26

16
. Shirer, W. (1960)
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
, New York: Simon & Schuster, p.647

17
.
Führer Directive 21
, 18 December 1940:
Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality

18
. Quoted in Widder, W. (2002) ‘Auftragstaktik and Innere Führung: Trademarks of German Leadership’ in
Military Review
Sept–Oct 2002, p.4

19
. Rhodes, R. (2002)
Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust,
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, p.9

20
. Hillgruber, A.
War in the East and the Extermination of the Jews
in Marrus, M. (ed.) (1989)
The Nazi Holocaust Part 3, The ‘Final Solution’: The Implementation of Mass Murder,
Munich: Saur, pp.94–95

21
. Rees, L. (1997)
The Nazis: a Warning From History,
London: BBC, p.177

22
. Ries, T. (1988)
Cold Will: The Defence of Finland,
London: Brassey’s Defence Publishers, pp.77–78

23
. Glantz, D. (2002)
The Battle for Leningrad,
Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, p.22

24
. Sewell, S. (1998)
‘Why Three Tanks?’
in
Armor,
Jul–Aug 1998, p.24

25
. Glantz (2002), p.23

26
. Gorkov, I., Semin, N. (1996),
‘
Konets global’noi Ishi: Na sovetskom severozapade – Operativnye plany zapadhykh prigranichnykh okrugov 1941 godasvidetel’-stvuiut: SSSR ne gotovilsia knapadeniiu na Germaniiu’ in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal 6 (Nov–Dec 1996): 2, pp.3–4

27
. Quoted in Schneider, J. (1994)
The Structure of Strategic Revolution: Total War and the Roots of the Soviet Warfare State
, Novato: Presidio Press, p.178

28
. Tukhachevsky, M. (1924)
Questions of Higher Command
, Moscow, p.88

29
. Tukhachevsky, M.
New Problems in Warfare
, quoted in McPadden, C. (2006)
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (1893–1937): Practitioner and Theorist of War
, Land Warfare Papers 56, Institute of Land Warfare, Arlington

30
. Tukhachevsky, M. (1936)
Vremmenyi Polevoi Ustav RKKA
, Moscow, p.42

31
. Lukes, I. (1996)
Czechoslovakia Between Stalin and Hitler: The Diplomacy of Edvard Beneš in the 1930s
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.95

32
. Glantz, D. in Krause, M., Phillips, R. (eds) (2006)
Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art
, Washington: Center of Military History, p.247

33
. Quoted in Sebag Montefiore, S. (2004)
Stalin, The Court of the Red Czar
, London: Vintage, p.341

34
. Quoted in Sebag Montefiore, p.347

Chapter 3

1
.   Haupt, W. (1997)
Army Group North
, Atglen: Schiffer, p.28

2
.   Jones, M. (2008)
Leningrad: State of Siege
, London: John Murray, p.12

3
.   Conze, W. (1953)
Die Geschichte der 291 iInfanterie-Division
, Bad Neuheim: Podzun, p.119

4
.   Stolfi, R. (2003)
German Panzers on the Offensive
, Atglen: Schiffer, p.148

5
.   Haupt, W. (1987)
Die 8. Panzer-Division im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, Friedberg: Podzun, pp.136–37

6
.   Stolfi, p.150

7
.   
Kriegstagebuch 8. Panzer Division 22/6/41
, US National Archives, T315, Roll 483

8
.   Haupt (1987), p.139

9
.   Jones, p.19

10
. Sebag Montefiore, S. (2004)
Stalin, The Court of the Red Czar
, London: Vintage, pp.369–70

11
. Zolotarev, V. (1998)
Velikaeia Otechestvennaia Voina 1941–1945, I: Surovye Ispytaniia
, Moscow: Nauka, p.149

12
. Richter, W. (1975)
Die 1. (Ostpreussische) Infanterie-Division
, Munich: Max Schmidt, pp.40–41

13
. Zolotarev, V. (1958)
Boevye Dokumenty po Oboronitelnoi Zapadnogo Fronta
in
Sbornik Boevykh Dokumentov Velikoi Otechestvennoi Viony
, Moscow: Voenizdat, p.34

14
. Haupt (1987), p.145

15
. Quoted in Glantz, D. (2002)
The Battle for Leningrad
, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, p.33

16
. Quoted on
http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=5281
insert accessed date

17
. For accounts of the battle, see Raus, E. (2003)
Panzer Operations: the Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus, 1941–45
, Cambridge: Da Capo Press, pp.14–34 and Luttichau, C. von (1985)
The Road to Moscow: The Campaign in Russia
, Washington DC: Center for Military History Project 26-P

18
. Glantz, D. (1998)
Stumbling Colossus: The Red Army on the Eve of World War
, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, p.126

19
. Ivnskis, Z.,
Lithuania During the War: Resistance Against the Soviet and Nazi Occupants
in Vardys, V. (ed.) (1965)
Lithuania Under The Soviets
, New York: Praeger, pp.67–68

20
. Manteuffel, H. von (1965)
Die 7. Panzer-Division im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, Krefeld: Schaberg, pp.137–38

21
. Manteuffel, pp.138–39

22
. Haupt (1987), pp.145–46

23
.
Kriegstagebuch 8. Panzer Division 26/6/41
, US National Archives, T315, Roll 484

24
. Haupt (1987), pp.150–51; Stolfi, pp.160–61

25
. Stolfi, p.167

26
.
Kriegstagebuch LVI A.K.(Mot)
, US National Archives, T314, Roll 1389

27
. Zolotarev (1998), p.153

28
. For Lasch’s personal account of the battle, see Lasch, O. (2002)
So Fiel Königsberg
, Stuttgart: Gräfe und Unzer, pp.17–21

29
. Glantz (2002), p.35

30
. Pavlov was arrested and charged with treason; he was executed within days

31
. Stolfi, p.170

32
. Richter, p.63

33
. Röngelep, R. et al. (2003) ‘
Tartu in the 1941 Summer War’
in
Baltic Defence Review
9, Vol. 1, pp.165–82

34
. Conze, p.219

35
. Hubatch, W. (1961)
61. Infanterie-Division
, Bad Neuheim: Podzun, p.168

36
. Hiio, T. (2006)
Estonia, 1940–1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
, Estonian Foundation for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, Tallinn: Kistler-Ritso, pp.424–25

Chapter 4

1
.   Quoted in Tauber, J.,
14 Tage im Juni
in Bartusevičius, V., Tauber, J., Wette, W. (eds) (2003)
Holocaust in Litauen
, Cologne: Böhlau, p.40

2
.   Tauber, p.41

3
.   Levin, D. (1997)
Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto
, Boston: United States Holocaust Museum, p.222

4
.   Pakalniškis, A. (1980)
Plungė
, Chicago: Spaudė M. Morkūno spaustuvė, p.45

5
.   Maslauskienė, N. (2001)
Lietuvos Tautinių Mažumų Įtraukimas į LSSR Administraciją ir Sovietinės Biurocratijos Tautiniai Santykiai 1940–1941
in
Genocidas ir Rezistencija
, I(9), p.38

6
.   Levin, D. (1995)
The Lesser of Two Evils. Eastern European Jewry Under Soviet Rule, 1939–1941
, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, p.60

7
.   Hillgruber, A.,
War in the East and Extermination of the Jews
in Marrus, M. (ed.) (1989)
The Nazi Holocaust Part 3, The ‘Final Solution’: The Implementation of Mass Murder
, Munich: Saur, pp.95–96

8
.   Orders of
Berück Nord
, 28 August 1941, Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, RH 22/6

9
.   
Richtlinien für die Durchführung der Sicherungsaufträge
(‘Regulations for the Execution of Security Tasks’), 5/7/41, 9/7/41, Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, RH 26-281/4

10
. Orders of Commander 3rd Panzer Group, 28 June 1941, Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, RH 26-20/19

11
. Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality,
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
, (‘Red Series’), Vol. VII, pp.978–95, USGPO, Washington DC 1946, hereafter cited as ‘Stahlecker Report’

12
. Stahlecker Report

13
. Stahlecker Report

14
. Budreckis, A. (1968)
The Lithuanian National Revolt
, Boston: Lithuanian Encyclopedia Press, pp. 62–63

15
. Levin (1995), p.222

16
. Brandišauskas, V. (1996)
Siekiai Atkurti Lietuvos Valstybingumą
, Vilnius: Valstybinis leidybos centras, p.90

17
. Ginaitė, S. (1999)
Atminimo Knyga
, Vilnius: Margi raštai, p.41

18
. Evidence prepared for the trial of Karl Jäger in 1959, subsequently published in Wilhelm, H.-H. (1991)
Rassenpolitik und Kriegsführung. Sicherheitspolizei und Wehrmacht in Polen und der Sowjetunion 1939–1942
, Passau: Wissenschaftsverlag Rother, Document 18, pp.186–89

19
. Jäger Report of 1/12/41, available in translation from the Jewish Internet Consortium, available at
http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/document/DocJager.htm
, hereafter cited as ‘Jäger Report’

20
. Jäger Report

21
. Jäger Report

22
. Evidence of Fritz Bartmann, quoted in Wette, W.
SS-Standartenführer Karl Jäger
in Bartusevičius, V., Tauber, J., Wette, W. (eds) (2003)
Holocaust in Litauen
, Cologne: Böhlau, p.85

23
. Evidence of Heinz Jost, quoted in Wette, W. in Bartusevičius et al, p.85

24
. Jäger Report

25
. Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, RH 26-403/4a

26
. Arad, Y. et al (eds) (1989)
The Einsatzgruppen Reports. Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads’ Campaign Against the Jews in Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union July 1941– January 1943
, New York: Holocaust Library, p.44

27
. Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, RH 26-403/4a

28
. Rolnikaite, M. (2002)
Ich Muss Erzählen
, Hamburg: Rowohlt, pp.40–41

29
. Good, P. (2001)
Memoirs of Perella Esterowicz
, available at
http://web.me.com/michaeldg/Site/Plagge_Documents_files/MemoirsP.rtf
, p.2

30
. Rolnikaite, pp.52–54

31
. Rolnikaite, pp.59–64

32
. Good, P., p.29

33
. Rolnikaite, p.97

34
. Good, P., pp.33–34

35
. Good, P., p.35

36
. Eckert, C. (2003),
Die Mordstätte Paneriai bei Vilnius
in Bartusevičius et al, p.133

37
. Sackowicz, K. (1999)
Dziennik
, Bydgoszcz, p.46

38
. Klee, E. et al (eds) (1988)
‘Schöne Zeiten’ – Judenmord aus der Sicht der Täter und Gaffer
, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, p.48

39
. Tomkiewicz, W. (2008)
Zbrodnia w Ponarach 1941–1944
, Warsaw: IPN, p.203

40
. Langerbein, H. (2004)
Hitler’s Death Squads: The Logic of Mass Murder
, Texas: A&M University Press, pp.67–68

41
. Quoted in Eckert, p.137

42
. Grossman, V., Ehrenburg, I. (1994)
Das Schwarzbuch. Der Genozid an den Sowjetischen Juden
, Reinbek: Rowohlt, p.504

43
. Good, P., pp.40–42

44
. Quoted in Lustiger, A. (2003)
Feldwebel Anton Schmid
in Bartusevičius et al, p.187

45
. For an account of Schmid’s activities, see Lustiger, pp.185–97

46
. Inčiūrienė, J. (2003)
Rettung und Widerstand in Kaunas
in Bartusevičius et al, pp.202–03

47
. Neumann, A. (2003)
Leben und Sterben im Ghetto Kaunas
in Bartusevičius et al, p.150