Being Nixon: A Man Divided (70 page)

39.
Ibid., pp. 744–5, 777.

40.
Conversation 815-19, 11:47
A.M.
, November 24, 1972, NT; Haldeman diary, November 24, 1972, NL.

41.
Conversation 819–2, 11:07
A.M.
, December 11, 1972, NT.

42.
RN
, pp. 773–4; Dwight Chapin oral history, NL.

43.
Emery, pp. 226–34.

44.
RN
, p. 776.

45.
Strober and Strober, p. 58.

46.
Haldeman diary, January 5, 1973, NL.

47.
Haldeman notes, September 20, 1972, NL.

48.
William Timmons interview.

49.
Haldeman diary, March 6, 1973, NL.

50.
Matthews, p. 324; Shepard,
Secret Plot
, pp. 31–4.

51.
Hughes, p. 156; Gibbs and Duffy, p. 289; Haldeman diary, January 8, 9, 10, 1973, NL.

52.
RN
, pp. 754–6.

53.
“Nixon with No Expletives Deleted,” CNN, July 31, 2013,
youtube.com
.

54.
Kabaservice,
Rule and Ruin
, p. 288; Conversation 798-15, 11:57
A.M.
, October 14, 1972, NT.

55.
Rosen, pp. 348–50.

56.
See Dean,
Nixon Defense
, pp. 186, 189–93.

57.
Haldeman diary, March 6, 20, 1973, NL.

58.
Eisenhower, p. 354.

59.
Gibbs and Duffy, p. 286; RN phone call to LBJ, Conversation 35-67, 4:46
P.M.
, January, 2, 1973, NT.

60.
RN
, p. 839.

61.
Nixon/Gannon interview.

62.
RN
, p. 746.

63.
Haldeman diary, January 9, 1973.

64.
RN notes, January 11, 1973, PPF, NL.

65.
RN
, p. 763. But see Haldeman notes, September 20, 1972, NL. The custom began, at least occasionally, when his daughters gave him a flag pin after the November 3, 1969, “Silent Majority” speech.

66.
Kissinger,
White House Years
, pp. 1469–70.

67.
RN
, p. 748.

68.
Eisenhower, p. 356.

69.
Safire, pp. 856–73; Safire notes on Cabinet meeting, January 23, 1973, Safire papers, LOC.

70.
RN
, pp. 756–7.

71.
Ibid., p. 750. For an excellent summation see “Nixon Legacy Forum: Vietnam and the Paris Peace Accords,” December 5, 2014,
youtube.com
.

72.
Ehrlichman, p. 288.

73.
RN
, p. 757.

74.
Conversation 840-9, 11:05
A.M.
, February 3, 1973, NT.

75.
Emery, pp. 238–41.

76.
Ted Barreaux interview.

Chapter 25: Ides of March

1.
RN
, p. 770.

2.
Conversation 840-9; 11:05
A.M.
, February 3, 1973, NT.

3.
RN
, pp. 778–9.

4.
Ibid., pp. 779–80.

5.
Conversation 867-16, 1:00
P.M.
, March 2, 1973, NT.

6.
Rosen, p. 338; See Rosen, “John Dean’s Watergate Whitewash,”
Commentary
, April 2015.

7.
Emery, p. 201. See Luke Nichter, “John W. Dean III and the Watergate Cover-up, Revisited,” History News Network, April 20, 2009.

8.
Dean,
Nixon Defense
, p. 248; Conversation 866-3, 9:18
A.M.
, March 1, 1973, NT.

9.
Gray,
In Nixon’s Web
, pp. 150–247.

10.
Hearings before the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities of the U.S. Senate, 93rd Congress, 1st Session, Watergate and Related Activities, Phase I Watergate Investigation, July 26, 27, 30, 1973, Book 7, p. 2787.

11.
Aitken, p. 383.

12.
Dean,
Blind Ambition
, pp. 223–4.

13.
RN
, pp. 781–2; Conversation 878-14, 12:42
P.M.
, March 13, 1973, NT.

14.
Dean,
Nixon Defense
, p. 234.

15.
RN
, p. 783.

16.
Ibid., p. 785.

17.
Dean,
Nixon Defense
, pp. 222, 268, 293.

18.
Conversation 886-8, 10:12
A.M.
, March 21, 1973, NT.

19.
RN
, pp. 791–4.

20.
Conversation 886-8, Dean enters at 10:12
A.M.
, March 21, 1973, NT.

21.
Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon, Report of the Committee of the Judiciary, House of Representatives, August 20, 1974, p. 407.

22.
Conversation 886-8, Dean enters at 10:12
A.M.
, March 21, 1973, NT.

23.
RN
, p. 799; Conversation 886-18, 1:06
P.M.
, March 21, 1973, NT.

24.
Rosen, pp. 353–5.

25.
Conversation 886-8, 10:12
A.M.
, March 21, 1973, NT.

26.
Dean,
Nixon Defense
, p. 261; Richard Ben-Veniste interview.

27.
RN
, p. 801; John Dean interview.

28.
John Carley interview.

29.
Dean,
Blind Ambition
, p. 257.

30.
Rosen, pp. 356–8.

31.
Geoff Shepard interview; Rosen, pp. 560–1.

32.
Watergate Special Prosecutor Files Conversation Transcripts, Conversation 422-33, 1:57
P.M.
, March 22, 1973, NT.

33.
Graham, p. 485.

34.
Bradlee, p. 350.

35.
Rosen, p. 365.

36.
RN
, pp. 809, 819.

37.
Rosen, pp. 273–4.

38.
RN
, p. 820.

39.
Ibid., January 3, March 14, 1973.

40.
Riland diary, March 28, 1973, May 3, 1972, January 28, 1973, RA.

41.
Shepard, pp. 62–5.

42.
Haldeman diary, April 15, 1973, NL.

43.
RN
, p. 827.

44.
Douglas Parker interview.

45.
James Schlesinger interview.

46.
Swift, p. 362.

47.
RN
, p. 753.

48.
Eisenhower, pp. 366–7.

49.
Eisenhower, pp. 363, 366–7.

Chapter 26: Praying Not to Wake Up

1.
RN
, p. 846; Kutler,
Wars of Watergate
, p. 308.

2.
Haldeman, p. 373.

3.
Haldeman diary, April 29, 1972, NL.

4.
RN
, p. 847.

5.
Haldeman, p. 376.

6.
Ehrlichman, p. 357,
RN
, p. 847.

7.
RN
, p. 848.

8.
Ibid., p. 850.

9.
Klein, p. 354.

10.
Conversation 45-51, 10:16
P.M.
, April 30, 1973, NT.

11.
Conversation 164-48, 10:42
A.M.
, April 30, 1973, NT.

12.
Conversation 164-28, 10:19
A.M.
, April 29, 1973, NT.

13.
Conversation 45-58; 10:34
P.M.
, April 30, 1973, NT.

14.
RN
, p. 910; Shepard, pp. 127–46; Richard Ben-Veniste interview.

15.
RN
, pp. 853–4; Kutler,
Wars of Watergate
, pp. 323–4; Halberstam, p. 688; Greenberg, p. 169.

16.
Emery, p. 339; Dean,
Blind Ambition
, pp. 358–60, 367–8.

17.
Eisenhower, p. 379.

18.
Fred D. Thompson,
At That Point in Time
, pp. 126–44.

19.
RN
, p. 874.

20.
Everett Alvarez interview.

21.
Eisenhower, pp. 371–3;
RN
, pp. 865–9.

22.
RN
, pp. 878–80.

23.
Eisenhower, p. 373.

24.
Nixon/Gannon interview.

25.
Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
, p. 298.

26.
RN
, p. 885.

27.
Ibid., p. 889; Scowcroft oral history, NL.

28.
RN
, p. 898.

29.
Charles Wardell interview.

30.
Aitken, p. 493.

31.
RN
, pp. 898–9.

32.
Strober and Strober, p. 460.

33.
Ibid., p. 498; see Colodny and Gettlin; Colodny and Schactman; Locker,
Nixon’s Gamble
. Len Colodny makes a case for the rise of the national security state as a driving force in the fall of Richard Nixon.

34.
Aitken, p. 501.

35.
Haig, pp. 374–6.

36.
Strober and Strober, p. 396; see also Garment, p. 279.

37.
Haig, p. 380.

38.
Strober and Strober, p. 395; Alexander Haig oral history, NL.

39.
RN
, p. 901; Haldeman diary, April 9,10, 1973; Dean,
Nixon Defense
, p. 366.

40.
Aitken, p. 500.

41.
Ibid., 501; Kenneth Thompson, ed.,
Nixon Presidency
, p. 69.

42.
Eisenhower, p. 409.

43.
RN
, pp. 902, 905. Buchanan to RN, July 25, 1973, Haig papers, LOC; Nixon could not understand why the press and Congress seemed to forget that the JFK and LBJ administrations had wiretapped more than his own. RN to Haig, July 7, 1973; Joulwan to Haig, July 10, 1973, Haig papers, LOC.

44.
White House News Summary, July 23, 1973, March 16, 1969, POF, NL.

45.
RN
, p. 961.

46.
Haig, p. 362.

47.
RN
, p. 962.

48.
Greenberg, p, 256.

49.
Kenneth Thompson, ed.,
Nixon Presidency
, p. 190.

50.
RN
, p. 908.

51.
Diary entry, August 15, 1973, Garment papers, LOC.

52.
Douglas Parker interview.

53.
Isaacson, p. 503.

54.
Haig, p. 350; Haig to RN, August 7, 1973, Haig papers, LOC.

55.
RN
, pp. 912–7.

56.
Diary entry, August 7, 1973, Garment papers, LOC.

Chapter 27: The Saturday Night Massacre

1.
RN
, p. 920.

2.
Small, pp. 133–5; William Quandt to Brent Scowcroft, “Arab-Israel Tensions,” October 6, 1973; William Quandt to Henry Kissinger, “Middle East Issues,” October 9, 1973, NSF, NL.

3.
Dallek,
Nixon and Kissinger
, pp. 521–3.

4.
Haig, p. 366; Agnew,
Go Quietly…or Else
, p. 189.

5.
Ibid. pp. 197–8.

6.
RN
, p. 925; Aitken, p. 506; Greene, “Nixon and Ford,” in Small,
Companion to Richard M. Nixon
.

7.
Ambrose,
Nixon: Ruin and Recovery
, p. 328.

8.
Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
, p. 514.

9.
Isaacson, pp. 513–9. See Kissinger–James Schlesinger telcon, October 12, 1973, 11:45
P.M.;
Kissinger–Alexander Haig telcon, October 12, 1973, 11:54
P.M., NSF, NL
.

10.
Nixon/Gannon interview.

11.
See, for example, RN–Henry Kissinger telcons, October 8, 1973, 7:08
P.M.
, October 14, 1973, 9:04
A.M., NSF, NL
.

12.
Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
, p. 515.

13.
RN
, p. 927.

14.
Isaacson, p. 522.

15.
RN
, p. 929.

16.
RN
, pp. 952–61, 964–7; Aitken, pp. 513–5; Kutler,
Wars of Watergate
, pp. 431–4.

17.
Eisenhower, p. 387.