Being Miss America: Behind the Rhinestone Curtain (Discovering America) (32 page)

Holly, Buddy,
58–59

homosexuality,
41

Hooks, Benjamin,
84

Hope, Bob,
55

Horn, Leonard,
138
,
140
,
144–146
,
152
,
155
; changes to pageant under,
114
; and lawsuit brought by Rob Beck,
149–150
; and platform issue,
91–92
,
139
,
145
,
166
; relationship of, with MAO board,
141
,
144
,
203–204
; and swimsuit competition,
121
,
124
; and Vanessa Williams,
86
,
90–91

Hostess Committee,
70
,
156
,
160
; formation of,
20
,
184
; responsibilities of,
69–71

Huffington Post
,
14

Hurricane Floyd,
146

Hurricane Sandy,
201

Hyland, Brian,
122

Hype and Glory
(Goldman),
90
,
115

IHOP’s National Pancake Day,
199–200

interview segment,
117–118
,
164

Jekyll & Hyde
,
134–135

Jersey Shore,
201

Jezebel
(website),
14

Johnson, Nicole (Miss America 1999),
166

Jones, Jim,
168

Kaeppaeler, Laura (Miss America 2012),
40
,
200

Kelly, Grace,
44
,
56

Kennedy, John F.,
58

Kennedy, Robert,
58

King, Rebecca (Miss America 1974),
61–62
,
78
,
139

King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
58

“King Neptune,”
18

Lanphier, Fay (Miss America 1925),
16

Las Vegas, as pageant host city,
182
,
201
,
202

lawsuits: NAMASP and MAO,
149
; Rebekah Revels and MAO,
162–163
,
169
,
170–171
; Rob Beck and MAO,
149–150
; Vanessa Williams and
Penthouse
,
86

Leaver, Henrietta (Miss America 1935),
20

Legally Blonde
,
190

Levi, Vicki Gold,
158

Limbaugh, Rush, and endorsement of Caressa Cameron,
199

Local 54 (union),
146

Malcom X,
58

Manning, Peyton,
9

March of Dimes,
90

Margolis, Jeff,
114–115
,
121

Marks, Al,
77
,
90
,
138
,
141
,
148

Mayer, Louis B.,
30

McLean, Don,
58–59

McMaster, Art,
181–182
,
191–192
; and pageant’s return to Atlantic City,
201–203

media, news,
170
,
173–174
,
179
; and Erika Harold,
167–168
; and Harman letter,
156
; and Rob Beck,
149
; and Robert Renneisen,
152–153
; relationship of, with pageant,
158–159
,
169
,
188–190
.
See also names of specific news media organizations

Meeuwsen, Terry (Miss America 1975),
77
,
78–79

Meriwether, Lee (Miss America 1955),
39
,
40
,
43
,
76
,
139

Meseke, Marilyn (Miss America 1938),
21

Miniutti, Sandra,
204

Miss America: crown,
120
; former,
11–12
,
177–179
; and endorsement deals,
21
; and evolution of “year of service,”
118–119
; and fame,
42–45
,
49
,
54
,
130
; and gambling,
123
,
153
; ideal of,
40–42
,
63
; legacy of,
26
,
32
,
87
,
90
,
92
,
129
; and MAO board representation,
180–181
; relationship of, with MAO,
143
,
180–181
; salary of,
200
; transformational,
13–14
,
31–32
,
92
,
139
; and travel,
8
,
36–37
,
119
,
200
.
See also
Miss America Pageant; Shindle, Kate;
and names of individual winners

Miss America
(PBS),
21–22
,
23–24

Miss America Boardwalk Parade,
5
,
13–15
,
18
,
69
,
72
,
161
.
See also
Atlantic City

Miss America Organization (MAO),
11
,
109
,
114
,
149
,
157–158
; board of directors of,
140–150
,
154–156
,
161
,
175
,
205
; branding of,
39
,
53
,
123–124
,
143–144
; CEO of,
141–143
,
146–147
,
151
,
153–158
(
see also names of individual CEOs
); and Children’s Miracle Network,
196–198
; and ethnic diversity,
82–83
; finances of,
159
,
182
,
196–197
,
200
,
202
,
204
; internal organization of,
138–143
,
153
; messaging of,
29
,
188
,
190–191
,
208–211
; and Miss America board representation,
180–181
; and pageant sponsorship,
151
,
159–160
,
178
,
185–186
,
196–197
,
208–209
; problems facing,
112–113
; and public relations,
186
; relationship of, with NAMASP,
142–143
,
159
,
170–175
,
192
; scholarships provided by,
13
,
21
,
151
,
161
,
210
(
see also
Bartel, Jean); and volunteers,
141
,
155–157
,
160–161
.
See also
Miss America Pageant

Miss America Pageant: and Atlantic City,
201–203
,
205
; and contestants of color,
80
,
81–83
; controversies surrounding,
17
,
20
,
78
,
86
,
120
,
149
,
162–163
; discontinuations of,
16–17
,
18
; and diversity,
41–42
,
80
,
81–83
,
169–170
; entry fees for,
197
; evolution of,
21
,
26
,
27
,
91–92
,
120–124
; and the Internet,
56
,
136–137
,
210
; interview segment in,
117–118
,
164
; and marriage/pregnancy,
17
,
148–149
; mascot of,
18
; and morals clause,
162
; origins of,
14
,
15–16
; and “pay to play” model,
197
; protests against,
60–61
; questionnaire for,
187–188
; and reality-show approach,
182–186
; self-destructive patterns of,
25
; and struggle for relevancy,
74–75
,
110
,
139
,
166–167
,
208
; swimsuit competition in,
15–16
,
27–31
,
121–122
,
152
,
187
,
210
; talent competition in,
115–117
,
147–148
; and television,
38–40
,
44
,
54–55
,
62
,
74–76
,
114
,
119
,
124
,
175–176
,
186
,
205
,
207
,
210–211
; and Woman of Achievement Award,
118
.
See also
Hostess Committee; Miss America; Miss America Organization (MAO)

Miss America: The Dream Lives On
(Osborne),
19

Miss Illinois Pageant,
4

Miss Teen USA.
See
Miss Universe Organization

Miss Universe Organization,
28–29
; and emphasis on physical beauty,
29
; and entry fees,
197
,
211
; and platform issue,
198

Miss Universe Pageant.
See
Miss Universe Organization

Miss USA.
See
Miss Universe Organization

Mobley, Mary Ann (Miss America 1959),
40
,
78

Monroe, Marilyn,
30
,
44
,
56

Moore, Michael,
88–89

Morgan, Robin,
60–61

Most Beautiful Girl in the World, The
(Banet-Weiser),
81
,
119–120

Mothers Against Drunk Driving,
145

Myerson, Bess (Miss America 1945),
22–26
,
29
,
45
; on Jewish identity,
24
; legacy of,
26
,
84
,
85
,
92
,
139
; on Lenora Slaughter,
30
; on responsibility toward Jews,
23–24

NAACP,
84

NAMES Project’s AIDS Memorial Quilt,
6
,
100

National Anthem,
7

National Association of Miss America State Pageants (NAMASP),
144–145
,
149–150
; disbanding of, by MAO,
192
; relationship of, with MAO,
142–143
,
159–160
,
170–175
; and removal of Robert Renneisen,
154–157

National HIV/AIDS Hotline,
107

National Organization for Women,
60

National Pancake Day (IHOP),
199–200

National Press Club,
167

Navarrete, Ximena (Miss Universe), and AIDS/HIV platform issue,
198

Nelson, Lauren (Miss America 2007),
170

Net, The
,
128

New Kids on the Block,
127

Newsweek
,
109

New York Radical Women,
60–61

New York Sports Club,
134

New York Times
,
83
,
154
,
171
,
182

Nichols, Armand T.,
17
,
18

Northwestern University,
4
,
7
,
9
,
96–97
,
133

Osborne, Angela Saulino,
19

Outliers
(Gladwell),
96

“Pageant: Confidential” (
20/20
),
189–190

Parks, Bert,
11
,
57–58
,
75–78

Parks, Rosa,
59

Paul, Alice,
25

PBS,
21–22
,
23–24

Pearce, Sharon,
173–174
,
191
,
202
,
203
,
204

Penthouse
,
86

People
,
62

Perskie, Steven,
148

Peyser, Mark (
Newsweek
),
109

Philbin, Regis, and Kathie Lee Gifford,
115
,
118

Piccari Press,
160

Place in the Sun, A
,
44

platform issues,
117
,
120
,
145
,
147
,
179
; decline of,
170
,
198–200
; Ericka Dunlap and,
169–170
; Erika Harold and,
164–168
; Kate Shindle and,
94–95
,
100–101
; Kaye Lani Rae Rafko and development of,
89
,
91
; Leonard Horn and,
91–93
,
122–124
; and relevancy,
208
; revival of,
203
; and sponsorships,
145
; value of,
113
,
119
,
123
,
139

Playboy
,
78

Powell, Susan (Miss America 1981),
78
,
178–180

Press of Atlantic City
,
158–159
,
204

Prewitt, Cheryl (Miss America 1980),
78

Prohibition,
30

Promises I Made My Mother
(Haskell),
203

“Queen of American Beauty” Pageant,
18

racism,
82–83
; “rule seven,”
21–22
.
See also
anti-Semitism

Rafko, Kaye Lani Rae (Miss America 1988),
88–90
,
139
; crowning of,
89
; legacy of,
92–93

Ramey, Venus (Miss America 1944),
31–32

Regis and Kathie Lee
,
7

Renneisen, Robert,
150–157
,
159
,
161
,
175

Revel (resort),
202

Revels, Rebekah,
162–163
,
169
,
170–171

Robinson, Jackie,
84

Roe v. Wade
,
61–62

Roger and Me
,
88–89

“rule seven,”
21–22

Salon
,
154
,
162–163
,
169

Sanders, Joseph P., III, and Gail,
172–173

San Francisco Chronicle
,
152

Sapp, Carolyn (Miss America 1992),
40
,
120