Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500-1800 (83 page)
Read Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500-1800 Online
Authors: Khaled El-Rouayheb
BOOK: Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500-1800
12.46Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
92
Ibn Nujaym,
al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq,
5:18. The Qurʾan (21:74) mentions that “foul deeds” (
khabāʾith
) were committed by the people of Lot.
Ibn Nujaym,
al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq,
5:18. The Qurʾan (21:74) mentions that “foul deeds” (
khabāʾith
) were committed by the people of Lot.
93
Ḥamawī,
Ghamz ʿuyūn al-baṣāʾir
, 1:287; Shaykhzāde,
Majmaʿ al-anhur
, 1:596 (citing Tumurtāshīʾs
Tanwīr al-abṣār).
Ḥamawī,
Ghamz ʿuyūn al-baṣāʾir
, 1:287; Shaykhzāde,
Majmaʿ al-anhur
, 1:596 (citing Tumurtāshīʾs
Tanwīr al-abṣār).
94
Ibn
ʿAbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:156.
Ibn
ʿAbidīn,Radd al-muḥtār,
3:156.
95
Ibn Nujaym,
al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq,
5:17.
Ibn Nujaym,
al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq,
5:17.
96
Ibn ʿAbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:156.
Ibn ʿAbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:156.
97
Ṭahṭāwī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 2:398.
Ṭahṭāwī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 2:398.
98
Greenberg,
The Construction of Homosexuality
274—77; Brundage, “Sex and Canon Law,” 43.
Greenberg,
The Construction of Homosexuality
274—77; Brundage, “Sex and Canon Law,” 43.
99
Ibn ʿĀbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:156; Ibn ʿĀbidīn,
Munḥat al-khāliq,
5:18-19; Ramlī, Khayr al-Dīn,
Nuzhat al-nawāẓir
, 22; Munāwī,
al-Fayḍ al-qadīr,
6:226. Ibn ʿAbidīn quotes Khayr al-Dīn al-Ramlī, who in turn quotes
Dhayl al-Wishāḥ fī ʿilm al-nikāḥ,
by Jalal al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505). Munāwī quotes
al-Tadhkirah,
by Ṣāliḥ al-Bulqīnī (d. 1464). Suyūṭī and Bulqīnī both quote from an unnamed work by Ibn ʿAqīl al-Ḥanbalī (d. 1119), who was a student of Abū ʿAlī ibn al-Walīd al-Muʿtazilī; see Makdisi,
Ibn ʿAqil,
18-20.
Ibn ʿĀbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:156; Ibn ʿĀbidīn,
Munḥat al-khāliq,
5:18-19; Ramlī, Khayr al-Dīn,
Nuzhat al-nawāẓir
, 22; Munāwī,
al-Fayḍ al-qadīr,
6:226. Ibn ʿAbidīn quotes Khayr al-Dīn al-Ramlī, who in turn quotes
Dhayl al-Wishāḥ fī ʿilm al-nikāḥ,
by Jalal al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505). Munāwī quotes
al-Tadhkirah,
by Ṣāliḥ al-Bulqīnī (d. 1464). Suyūṭī and Bulqīnī both quote from an unnamed work by Ibn ʿAqīl al-Ḥanbalī (d. 1119), who was a student of Abū ʿAlī ibn al-Walīd al-Muʿtazilī; see Makdisi,
Ibn ʿAqil,
18-20.
100
Alūsī,
Rūḥ al-ma ʿānī
, 8:152.
Alūsī,
Rūḥ al-ma ʿānī
, 8:152.
101
Ḥaṣkafī,
al-Durr al-mukhtār,
3:169; Nābulusī,
Risālat al-ajwibah,
fol. 81b; Ṭahṭāwī,
Ḥāshiyah,
2:397—98.
Ḥaṣkafī,
al-Durr al-mukhtār,
3:169; Nābulusī,
Risālat al-ajwibah,
fol. 81b; Ṭahṭāwī,
Ḥāshiyah,
2:397—98.
102
Ḥafnī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 3:389.
Ḥafnī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 3:389.
103
Zīrekzāde,
Ḥāshiyah
, fol. 51a.
Zīrekzāde,
Ḥāshiyah
, fol. 51a.
104
Būrsawī,
Rūḥ al-bayān
, 3:198-99.
Būrsawī,
Rūḥ al-bayān
, 3:198-99.
105
Jamal,
Ḥāshiyah
ʿalā tafsīr al-Jalālayn,
4:272-73.
Jamal,
Ḥāshiyah
ʿalā tafsīr al-Jalālayn,
4:272-73.
106
Abu al-Suʿūd,
Irshād al-ʿaql al-salīm,
5:217.
Abu al-Suʿūd,
Irshād al-ʿaql al-salīm,
5:217.
107
Abu al-Suʿūd,
Irshād al-ʿaql al-salīm,
5:130; Alusi,
Rūḥ al-maʿānī,
27:117; Shawkānī,
Fayḍ al-qadīr,
5:146.
Abu al-Suʿūd,
Irshād al-ʿaql al-salīm,
5:130; Alusi,
Rūḥ al-maʿānī,
27:117; Shawkānī,
Fayḍ al-qadīr,
5:146.
108
al-Khaṭīb al-Shirbīnī,
al-Sirāj al-munīr,
4:438.
al-Khaṭīb al-Shirbīnī,
al-Sirāj al-munīr,
4:438.
109
Jazāʾirī,
Zahr al-rabīʿ,
183.
Jazāʾirī,
Zahr al-rabīʿ,
183.
110
Būrīnī,
Tarājim al-aʿyān,
2:199.
Būrīnī,
Tarājim al-aʿyān,
2:199.
111
Murādī,
Silk al-durar,
3:19.
Murādī,
Silk al-durar,
3:19.
112
Muradi,
Silk al-durar,
2:308.
Muradi,
Silk al-durar,
2:308.
113
Buhūtī,
Sharḥ al-muntahā,
3:348.
Buhūtī,
Sharḥ al-muntahā,
3:348.
114
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawājir,
2:143—44; Shabrāmallisī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 7:425.
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawājir,
2:143—44; Shabrāmallisī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 7:425.
115
Ibn ʿAbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:174.
Ibn ʿAbidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
3:174.
116
Zurqānī,
Sharḥ al-mukhtaṣar,
8 : 88 (the glosses of Bannānī).
Zurqānī,
Sharḥ al-mukhtaṣar,
8 : 88 (the glosses of Bannānī).
117
The sources are intriguingly silent concerning oral intercourse, especially
fellatio
. I have not come across a single clear-cut reference to this act in the juridical sources, or indeed in any other source, from the period. There are references to
fellatio
in the erotic work
Rujū‘al-shaykh ilā sibāh,
attributed to Ahmad al-Tīfāshī (d. 1253), and this work was known to at least one author in the early Ottoman period (Ishāqī,
Akhbār al-uwal,
115). For references to
cunnilingus,
see Buhūtī,
Sharḥ muntahā al-irādāt,
3 : 8; Kharāshī,
Sharḥ almukhtaṣar,
3:165-66 (the glosses of‘Adawī).
The sources are intriguingly silent concerning oral intercourse, especially
fellatio
. I have not come across a single clear-cut reference to this act in the juridical sources, or indeed in any other source, from the period. There are references to
fellatio
in the erotic work
Rujū‘al-shaykh ilā sibāh,
attributed to Ahmad al-Tīfāshī (d. 1253), and this work was known to at least one author in the early Ottoman period (Ishāqī,
Akhbār al-uwal,
115). For references to
cunnilingus,
see Buhūtī,
Sharḥ muntahā al-irādāt,
3 : 8; Kharāshī,
Sharḥ almukhtaṣar,
3:165-66 (the glosses of‘Adawī).
118
Ramli, Shams al-Dīn,
Nihāyat al-muḥtāj,
7:424.
Ramli, Shams al-Dīn,
Nihāyat al-muḥtāj,
7:424.
119
Buhūtī,
Kashshāf al-qin
āʿ,
6:89 and 6:95.
Buhūtī,
Kashshāf al-qin
āʿ,6:89 and 6:95.
120
Dardir,
al-Sharḥ al-kabīr,
4 : 321-24.
Dardir,
al-Sharḥ al-kabīr,
4 : 321-24.
121
The Imami Shī‘ī jurists disagreed on this point, as pointed out above.
The Imami Shī‘ī jurists disagreed on this point, as pointed out above.
122
Bujayrimī,
Tuḥfat al-ḥabīb,
4:153.
Bujayrimī,
Tuḥfat al-ḥabīb,
4:153.
123
al-Khatīb al-Shirbīnī,
Mughnī al-muḥtājj
, 4:144.
al-Khatīb al-Shirbīnī,
Mughnī al-muḥtājj
, 4:144.
124
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawājir,
i 7.
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawājir,
i 7.
125
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawāījir,
2 :4-5.
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawāījir,
2 :4-5.
126
Dasūqī,
Hāshiyah,
4:170.
Dasūqī,
Hāshiyah,
4:170.
127
Zurqāni,
Sharh al-mukhtasar
1: 176.
Zurqāni,
Sharh al-mukhtasar
1: 176.
128
Ibn ʿAllān,
Dalīl al-fālihīn,
2:141. Repentance from all sins was, of course, still a duty.
Ibn ʿAllān,
Dalīl al-fālihīn,
2:141. Repentance from all sins was, of course, still a duty.
129
Ibn Allan,
Dali
l al-fālihīnn,
4 :73-74.
Ibn Allan,
Dali
l al-fālihīnn,4 :73-74.
130
Shawkānī,
Fatḥ al-qadīr,
5 :neo.
Shawkānī,
Fatḥ al-qadīr,
5 :neo.
131
Ramlī, Shihab al-Dīn,
Fatāwā,
4 :73-74; Jamal,
Hāsbiyah ‘alā Sharḥ al-Manhaj,
2:193-94.
Ramlī, Shihab al-Dīn,
Fatāwā,
4 :73-74; Jamal,
Hāsbiyah ‘alā Sharḥ al-Manhaj,
2:193-94.
132
al-Muttaqī al-Hindī,
Kanz al-ʿummāl,
3: 372 (traditions 6999 and 7000).
al-Muttaqī al-Hindī,
Kanz al-ʿummāl,
3: 372 (traditions 6999 and 7000).
133
Ibn Qayyim al-jawziyyah,
al-Dā‘wa al-dawā’,
372-75.
Ibn Qayyim al-jawziyyah,
al-Dā‘wa al-dawā’,
372-75.
134
al-Qāriʾ al-Harawī,
al-Asrār al-marfūʿah,
238-39; Zurqānī,
Mukhtaṣar,
196;
ʿAjlūnī, Kashf al-khafāʾ,
2:263-64; Zabīdī,
Ithāf al-sādah al-muttaqīn,
7 : 439-40. A weak tradition is distinct from a fabrication; it may be used in moralistic and exhortatory literature, but not to establish a point of law; see Robson, “Hadīth,” 25a-b.
al-Qāriʾ al-Harawī,
al-Asrār al-marfūʿah,
238-39; Zurqānī,
Mukhtaṣar,
196;
ʿAjlūnī, Kashf al-khafāʾ,
2:263-64; Zabīdī,
Ithāf al-sādah al-muttaqīn,
7 : 439-40. A weak tradition is distinct from a fabrication; it may be used in moralistic and exhortatory literature, but not to establish a point of law; see Robson, “Hadīth,” 25a-b.
135
Saffārīnī,
Nafathāt ṣadr al-mukmad,
2:702 -3; Shawkānī,
al-Fawā‘id al-majmūʿah,
320.
Saffārīnī,
Nafathāt ṣadr al-mukmad,
2:702 -3; Shawkānī,
al-Fawā‘id al-majmūʿah,
320.
136
Antākī,
Tazyīn al-aswāq,
1: 29-30; Saltī,
Ṣabābat al-mu‘ānī,
fol. 18b-19a; Karmī,
Munyat al-mubibbīn,
fol. 29a; Karmī,
al-Fawāʾid al-mawḍū‘ah,
109.
Antākī,
Tazyīn al-aswāq,
1: 29-30; Saltī,
Ṣabābat al-mu‘ānī,
fol. 18b-19a; Karmī,
Munyat al-mubibbīn,
fol. 29a; Karmī,
al-Fawāʾid al-mawḍū‘ah,
109.
137
Munāwī,
al-Fayḍ al-qadīr,
6:179; Zabīdī,
Itḥāf al-sādah al-muttaqīn,
7: 439.
Munāwī,
al-Fayḍ al-qadīr,
6:179; Zabīdī,
Itḥāf al-sādah al-muttaqīn,
7: 439.
138
Hafnī,
Ḥāzshiyah,
3 : 373.
Hafnī,
Ḥāzshiyah,
3 : 373.
139
Ibn Hajar,
Fatāwā,
2:15.
Ibn Hajar,
Fatāwā,
2:15.
140
Ramlī, Shams al-Dīn,
Nihāyat al-muḥtāj,
2 : 497.
Ramlī, Shams al-Dīn,
Nihāyat al-muḥtāj,
2 : 497.
141
Cited in Shabrāmallisī,
Hāsbiyah,
2 :497.
Cited in Shabrāmallisī,
Hāsbiyah,
2 :497.
142
Qalyūbī,
Hāsbiyah, 1
:339; Bājūrī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 1: 254; Bujayrimi,
Tuḥfat al-ḥabib,
2: 261; Bujayrimī,
Ḥāshiyah,
1:539; al-Khatīb al-Shirbīnī
,Mughnī al-muhtāj,
1: 350; Ibn Hajar,
Tuḥfat al-muḥtāj,
3:166 (with glosses of Shirwānī); Jamal,
Ḥāshiyah ʿalā Sharḥ al-Manhaj,
2:193.
Qalyūbī,
Hāsbiyah, 1
:339; Bājūrī,
Ḥāshiyah
, 1: 254; Bujayrimi,
Tuḥfat al-ḥabib,
2: 261; Bujayrimī,
Ḥāshiyah,
1:539; al-Khatīb al-Shirbīnī
,Mughnī al-muhtāj,
1: 350; Ibn Hajar,
Tuḥfat al-muḥtāj,
3:166 (with glosses of Shirwānī); Jamal,
Ḥāshiyah ʿalā Sharḥ al-Manhaj,
2:193.
143
Sharqāwī,
Ḥāshiyah, 1:
337.
Sharqāwī,
Ḥāshiyah, 1:
337.
144
Raghib Pasha,
Safīnat al-rāghib,
322-26; Būrīnī,
Sharḥ Dīwān Ibn al-Fāriḍ,
2:65; Nābulusī,
Ghāyat al-maṭlūb,
19.
Raghib Pasha,
Safīnat al-rāghib,
322-26; Būrīnī,
Sharḥ Dīwān Ibn al-Fāriḍ,
2:65; Nābulusī,
Ghāyat al-maṭlūb,
19.
145
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawājir,
2:211; Ibn ‘Abidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
1:35; Zabīdī,
Itḥāf al-sādah al-muttaqin,
6:508-9; Ramlī, Shams al-Dīn,
Nihāyat al-muḥtāj,
8:299; Qalyūbī,
Ḥāshiyah,
4:20-21; Alūsī,
Rūḥ al-maʿānī,
19:137.
Ibn Hajar,
al-Zawājir,
2:211; Ibn ‘Abidīn,
Radd al-muḥtār,
1:35; Zabīdī,
Itḥāf al-sādah al-muttaqin,
6:508-9; Ramlī, Shams al-Dīn,
Nihāyat al-muḥtāj,
8:299; Qalyūbī,
Ḥāshiyah,
4:20-21; Alūsī,
Rūḥ al-maʿānī,
19:137.
146
Qalyūbī,
Ḥāshiyah,
4:320-21.
Qalyūbī,
Ḥāshiyah,
4:320-21.
Other books
Threads by Patsy Brookshire
One Night Of Scandal by TERESA MEDEIROS
The Word Eater by Mary Amato
The Ultimate Erotic Short Story Collection 17: 11 Steamingly Hot Erotica Books For Women by Lawson, Victoria, Austin, Monica, Bishop, Emma, Wilkerson, Kim, Hunt, Evelyn, Hodges, Lois, Cross, Nellie, Dixon, Lori, Burke, Carla, Robles, Bonnie
Sugar Rain by Paul Park
Hidden In the Sheikh's Harem by Michelle Conder
Stolen Hearts by Karen Erickson
Pray for Us Sinners by Patrick Taylor
Hard Choice by C. A. Hoaks
