Army of Evil: A History of the SS (69 page)

Leeb, Field Marshal von, 298, 307

Leibbrandt, Dr. Georg, 328

Leibstandarte
Adolf Hitler (originally “SS-Special Unit Berlin”), 210, 218, 220, 221, 222–23, 248, 261, 279, 297, 299

battlefield atrocities, 195, 249, 251–54

Dietrich and, 91, 198–99, 212–13

recruitment criteria, 201, 202, 203

renamed by Hitler (September 1933), 199

Leipzig, University of, 177–78

Leningrad, 299, 300

Lettow, Paul, 206

Lewis, Frederick, 277

Ley, Dr. Robert, 241

Lichtenberg concentration camp, 106, 108

Lichterfelde cadet school, Berlin, 92, 198, 205, 261

Liebehenschel, Arthur, 393

Liebknecht, Karl, 7, 9

Lippert, Michael, 93

“living space” in the East (Lebensraum), 21, 225, 237, 329

Lodz ghetto, 239, 243, 244, 326

Lorenz, Werner, 238

Losser, Ernst, 190

Lossow, Otto von, 17, 18

Löwenherz, Josef, 163

Lublin, 230, 232, 236, 321, 323, 340–42

extermination camps, 4, 98n, 322, 338, 339–40, 341–44, 345–50, 352–64

ghetto, 243, 340

Majdanek concentration camp, 107, 108, 340, 358, 362, 364, 384, 392, 393

Luckenwalde POW camp, 279, 281

Ludendorff, Erich, 6, 7, 17, 20, 23, 25

Luftwaffe, 100, 104, 242, 248

Luther, Dr. Martin, 328, 335

Lutze, Viktor, 89

Luxemburg, Rosa, 7, 9

Macher, Heinz, 408

MacLardy, Francis, 277, 281

Madagascar plan, 240–42

Maercker, General, 8

Magill, Franz, 323

Main Offices (
Hauptämter
)

Administration and Business (VuWHA then WVHA), 115–16, 393

administrative office of Pohl, 111, 113, 115, 116, 123

Ahnenerbe
(historical research department), 128

Budget and Buildings, 115

Business Administration (WVHA), 115, 365, 383, 393

business groups (
Amtsgruppen
), 117–18

Command Main Office (FHA), 118, 301, 322

Command Staff, 111, 116, 118

Germanic Administration, 258, 280

Inspectorate of Concentration Camps, 105, 111, 114, 115, 187, 370

Main Office (
SS-Hauptamt
), 111, 113, 116–18, 120, 123, 254, 258

Race and Settlement Main Office (RuSHA), 111, 119–24, 126, 128, 129, 238, 336

Reich Security Main Office (RSHA)
see
Reich Security Main Office (RSHA)

SD-Main Office, 111, 133, 134, 140, 141

Security Main Office, 132

training and indoctrination, 118

Majdanek concentration camp, 107, 108, 340, 358, 362, 364, 384, 392, 393

Marggraff, Howard, 258–59, 264, 291

Maton, Paul, 277, 281

Maurice, Emil, 16, 21, 26, 27

Maurras, Charles, 292

Mauthausen concentration camp, 107, 115, 187, 390, 393, 395n

Mayr, Karl, 11

Mecklenburg, 22

medical profession and euthanasia programme, 188–91

Meisinger, Josef, 131

Mengele, Josef, 379, 382–83, 412

Menz, Theo, 281

Meyer, Dr. Alfred, 328, 337

MI6, 147–48, 161

Michel, Hermann, 353–54

Mildenstein, Leopold Edler von, 155–56, 158, 160

militarised units of SS

Himmler and, 2, 111, 197, 199, 200, 201, 203–4, 205, 206, 210, 215, 219, 246, 247

logistics system, 197

“Night of the Long Knives” (June/July 1934), 199

officer cadet schools, 133, 145, 197, 206–9, 211, 219, 250

political readiness units (
Politische Bereitschäfte
), 199, 200, 201, 214

ranks/groupings, 208–9, 222, 414–15

reasons for creation of, 196–97

recruitment system, 197, 254–55

regular army and, 197, 198, 215, 216, 221, 223, 246, 254–55, 267

size of, 246–47

special units (
Sonderkommandos
), 199, 222

structure/organisation of, 197

training system, 197

see also
SS-Special Purpose Troops; Waffen-SS

militias/paramilitary groups, 14–15, 28–29, 39,40–41, 70, 76, 88

Citizens’ Militias, 15, 39, 76, 87

Frontbann
and, 23, 24, 28, 29, 55

Ernst Röhm and, 15, 87, 88–89

see also
Freikorps (Free Corps)

Ministry of Defence (renamed OKW, 1938), 200, 216, 217, 301, 302, 402

Ministry of the Interior, federal, 82, 84, 85, 86, 106, 114, 115, 132–33, 134, 200, 230

anti-Jewish legislation, 151–52

Reichstag Fire Decree (February 1933), 81–82, 85, 198

Wannsee Conference and, 328

Möhnke, Wilhelm, 251, 253, 407

Moll, Otto, 384

Monti, Martin James, 291, 293

Morgen, Dr. Konrad, 323

Moscow, 299–300

Mossad le Aliyah Bet
(Haganah unit), 167

Müller, Heinrich, 131, 141, 144, 167, 235–36, 241n, 307, 328, 378, 385, 407, 412

Munich Citizens’ Militia, 39

Munich
Putsch
(November 1923), 1, 18, 19–20, 24, 25, 30, 40, 47

marking of anniversaries of, 29, 105n, 165, 199, 209

Murphy, M.C., 259–60

Murphy, Michael, 409

Mussert, Anton Adriaan, 266, 302

Mussolini, Benito, 97, 296, 388

National Assembly elections (1919), 9

National Socialist Freedom Movement, 41

National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) (Nazi Party)

anti-opposition terror (1933), 82

in Austria, 157, 256–57, 339

centralisation of government, 84

funding crisis (1932), 70, 72

Gaue (regional organisations), 28n

history of (to founding of SS, 1925), 12–13, 14, 15–18, 22, 23, 24, 26–29

see also
Munich Putsch (November 1923)

Hitler becomes Chancellor (January 1933), 73

illegality of (1923–25), 22, 24

internal crises (1930–31), 54–61

Overseas Organisation, 301

paramilitary/combat groups and, 1, 17, 18, 24, 26, 28, 29

see also
SA (Sturmabteilung) (“Stormtroopers”/brownshirts)

propaganda and, 43, 45, 45n, 53

Reich Representatives of German Jews, 160

Reichstag elections
see
elections, Reichstag

rise of (from 1929), 51, 52–54

rural population and, 68

social class based support, 14, 32, 53–54, 68

“socialist”/anti-capitalist aspects of ideology, 31, 51, 52, 54, 55

southern and northern factions, 31, 43

völkisch
(“folkish”) groups and, 23

National Socialist Student Federation, 142

Natzweiler concentration camp, 108, 129

Naujocks, Alfred, 136–39, 147

Nebe, Arthur, 86, 134, 141, 307–8, 309, 320, 321

Netherlands, 248–49, 265–66, 301, 302, 304, 354, 386–87

Neuengamme concentration camp, 108, 115, 396

Neumann, Dr. Erich, 328, 336

Niederhagen concentration camp, 126

Niemann, Second Lieutenant, 361

“Night of the Long Knives” (June/July 1934), 90–93, 106, 199–200

Nisko “settlement” (Poland), 236, 237

Norway, 265, 301, 387

“November criminals,” 11, 53

Nuremberg Laws (1935), 152–55

Nuremberg rallies, 152, 199

Oberg, Carl, 401

Oberhauser, Josef, 341

Obermeyer, SS-Captain, 346

O’Callaghan, Bill, 250, 251

occult beliefs, 124, 125, 126, 128

Ohlendorf, Otto, 135, 136, 141, 143, 308, 309–10, 319

OKW (High Command of the Armed Forces) (formerly Ministry of Defence), 200, 216–17, 301, 302, 402

Oster, Hans, 399

Padfield, Peter, 34, 38, 40n, 77–78

Palestine, 156, 160–62, 167, 168, 235, 391

Pancke, Günther, 123, 129

Panzinger, Friedrich, 131

Papen, Franz von, 69–70, 71–72

Parrington, Leonard, 278

Pavelic´, Ante, 303n

Payne Best, Sigismund, 147

Pechersky, Alexander, 360–61

Pershing, General John, 6

Pfannenstiehl, Wilhelm, 345

Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, Karl von, 247

Pleasants, Eric, 121n

plebiscites, 94

poachers, 270, 274

Pohl, Oswald, 111–14, 115, 116, 123, 383, 412

Pöhner, Ernst, 26

Poland

deportation of Jews to, 235–37, 239, 330, 336–37, 384–85

General Government (rump state), 230, 231–32, 236, 239, 240, 330, 336

Operation Reinhard in, 4, 321, 325, 327, 338, 340–50, 341n, 353–65, 384

German Army war crimes in, 195, 258–59

German civil administration (German incorporated territories), 229–30, 231, 235, 239, 384

German invasion of (1939), 195, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225–29, 258–59

Heydrich’s bogus attacks and, 138–39

Hitler’s objectives in, 225, 226, 232, 233–34

HSSPF role in, 231–32, 338, 339–40, 345–46

independence of, 8

mass murder of Jews in, 3–4, 98n, 191, 229, 232, 326–27, 330

“Operation Tannenberg,” 225–27

police force of, 243

Soviet invasion of (17 September 1939), 229n, 232, 310

special task groups in, 191, 225–29, 232–34, 242

wave of terror against ruling classes (1939), 226, 308

see also
Jews, Polish

police force

auxiliary units (est. 1933), 73, 80–81, 85

Daluege and, 132–33

Frick’s centralisation of, 84, 85–86

Himmler as Chief of German Police (from 1936), 114, 133, 219, 402

Himmler as Commander of Bavarian Political Police (from April 1933), 83–84

Himmler as police chief of Munich (from March 1933), 73, 80, 83–84

Himmler’s control of, 2, 74, 85, 86, 132, 133

HSSPF (Senior SS and Police Leader) role, 139–40, 231–32, 322, 338, 339–40, 345

Kriminalpolizei
(Kripo—Prussian Criminal Detective Branch), 86, 134, 140, 141, 144, 159, 307, 308, 326, 371

military penal system and, 222

Order Police, 133, 140, 149, 225, 228–29, 232, 243, 247, 308, 315, 319, 321, 412n

purges by Daluege, 132–33

role in Poland, 231–32

SD and, 111, 133, 134, 140, 141

Sipo—Security Police, 134, 140, 141, 142, 154, 243, 315, 324, 326, 385

SS police reserves, 219, 247, 321

see also
Gestapo (
Geheime Staatspolizeiamt
) (Secret State Police Office)

Polkes, Feivel, 160–61

Poniatowa labour camp, 363

Pooley, Bert, 250, 251

Prachtol, Dr., 104

Prague officer cadet school, 209n

prison system, 82, 95, 106

prisoners of war (POWs)

American, 293–94

British, 276–80, 281, 285, 294

Soviet, 304, 327, 360–62, 376–77, 397

Probst, Christoph, 146

Protestantism, 14

“Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion,” 144

Prussia, 6, 16n, 24, 72, 73, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 89, 203n

Kriminalpolizei
(Kripo—Criminal Detective Branch), 86, 134, 140, 141, 144, 159, 307, 308, 326, 371

Ministry of the Interior, 73, 80, 81–82, 84, 86, 198

Prutzmann, SS-Major General, 321

psychiatric profession, 174–75, 189

public opinion surveys (
Reports from the Reich
), 135, 143

Quisling, Vidkun, 265

racial policy and eugenics, 2, 62–67, 169–72, 224–25, 413

Ahnenerbe
(historical research department) and, 128–29

“antisocial individuals” (
Asozialen
), 172

“Aryan paragraph” (April 1933), 151–52

hereditary health courts, 170, 189

ideological training and, 120, 123, 124, 207

legislation, 151–55, 169–71, 172

mixed race (
Mischlinge
) category, 153, 334

Office for Family Affairs, 120–21

Race and Settlement Main Office (RuSHA), 111, 119–24, 126, 128, 129, 238, 336

racial recruitment criteria, 119, 120, 129, 201, 202, 256, 264, 304

Reich Committee for Hereditary Health, 178

settlement branch, 120, 123–24

spouses and, 65, 120, 129, 334

sterilisation programme, 169–71, 188, 189–90, 191

Well of Life Society, 122, 124

see also
euthanasia programme

Rademacher, Franz, 240

Radom ghetto, 243

Raeder, Erich, 77

Raiding Squad Adolf Hitler (
Stosstrupp
), 16, 18, 26, 27

Rasch, Dr. Otto, 308, 314, 319

Rascher, Sigmund, 100, 101–2, 104, 128

Rath, Ernst vom, 165

Rauff, Walter, 386

Ravensbrück concentration camp, 108, 149

Rechenbach, Dr., 65

Rediess, Wilhelm, 227

Reich Labour Service, 258, 261

Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), 128, 134, 140–44, 149, 238, 392, 403

Auschwitz and, 371, 384

Heydrich and, 140–41, 142, 149, 227–28, 306–8

Holocaust and, 142–43, 144, 345–36, 384

Office IV (Gestapo)
see under
Gestapo (
Geheime Staatspolizeiamt
) (Secret State Police Office)

Office VI, SD-Overseas, 141, 147–48, 398–99, 402

special task groups
see
special task groups (
Einsatzgruppen
)

Reichenau, General von, 88, 221, 314

Reichleitner, Franz, 361

Reichstag fire (27 February 1933), 81, 95

Reichstag Fire Decree (February 1933), 81, 85, 198

Reinhardt, Fritz, 45n

reparations, war, 17, 25, 51

resettlement scheme for ethnic Germans, 237–40, 367

resistance groups in Germany

“Black Orchestra” (
Schwarze Kapelle
), 145

bomb plot against Hitler (July 1944), 107, 145, 197, 229n, 309n, 400–2

within SS (“League of Democratic Officers”), 145

White Rose (
Weisse Rose
), 146

Rhineland-Palatinate, 96, 97

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 137, 241

Riedweg, Dr. Franz, 257–58, 284

Riga ghetto, 331

Roepke, Hans Werner, 278, 279, 280, 281

Röhm, Ernst

in Bolivia (1925–30), 28, 49, 58

combat leagues and, 17, 40

Frontbann
and, 23, 24–25, 28, 29

Himmler and, 39, 40, 41, 49

Hitler and, 15, 24, 25, 28, 58, 89, 90, 91, 92–93