Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? (41 page)

47
David Premack (2010).

48
Andrew Whiten et al. (2005), Victoria Horner et al. (2006), Kristin Bonnie et al. (2006), Horner and Frans de Waal (2010), Horner and de Waal (2009).

49
Michael Huffman (1996), p. 276.

50
Edwin van Leeuwen et al. (2014).

51
William McGrew and Caroline Tutin (1978).

52
Frans de Waal (2001), de Waal and Kristin Bonnie (2009).

53
Elizabeth Lonsdorf et al. (2004)

54
Victoria Horner et al. (2010), Rachel Kendal et al. (2015).

55
Christine Caldwell and Andrew Whiten (2002).

56
Friederike Range and Zsófia Virányi (2014).

57
Jeremy Kagan (2004), David Premack (2007).

58
Charles Darwin, Notebook M,1838, http://darwin-online.org.uk.

59
Lydia Hopper et al. (2008).

60
Frans de Waal (2009a), Delia Fuhrmann et al. (2014).

61
Suzana Herculano-Houzel et al. (2011, 2014).

62
Josef Parvizi (2009).

63
Robert Barton (2012).

64
Michael Corballis (2002), William Calvin (1982).

65
Natasja de Groot et al. (2010).

66
The “Mens vs aap—experiment” video can be seen at http://bit.ly/1gbLiCm.

67
Christopher Martin et al. (2014).

68
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).

69
Benjamin Beck (1982).

70
Alaska governor Sarah Palin, policy speech, Pittsburgh, PA, October 24, 2008.

CHAPTER 6: SOCIAL SKILLS

1
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).

2
Donald Griffin (1976).

3
Hans Kummer (1971), Kummer (1995).

4
Jane Goodall (1971).

5
Christopher Martin et al. (2014).

6
Frans de Waal and Jan van Hooff (1981).

7
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).

8
Marcel Foster et al. (2009)

9
Toshisada Nishida et al. (1992).

10
Toshisada Nishida (1983), Nishida and Kazuhiko Hosaka (1996).

11
Victoria Horner et al. (2011).

12
Malini Suchak and Frans de Waal (2012).

13
Hans Kummer et al. (1990), Frans de Waal (1991).

14
Richard Byrne and Andrew Whiten (1988).

15
Robin Dunbar (1998b).

16
Thomas Geissmann and Mathias Orgeldinger (2000).

17
Sarah Gouzoules et al. (1984).

18
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1992).

19
Susan Perry et al. (2004).

20
Susan Perry (2008), p. 47.

21
Katie Slocombe and Klaus Zuberbühler (2007).

22
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1986, 1989), Filippo Aureli et al. (1992).

23
Peter Judge (1991), Judge and Sonia Mullen (2005).

24
Ronald Schusterman et al. (2003).

25
Dalila Bovet and David Washburn (2003), Regina Paxton et al. (2010).

26
Jorg Massen et al. (2014a).

27
Meredith Crawford (1937).

28
Kim Mendres and Frans de Waal (2000).

29
Alicia Melis et al. (2006a), Alicia Melis et al. (2006b), Sarah Brosnan et al. (2006).

30
Frans de Waal and Michelle Berger (2000).

31
Ernst Fehr and Urs Fischbacher (2003).

32
Robert Boyd (2006), countered by Kevin Langergraber et al. (2007).

33
Malini Suchak and Frans de Waal (2012), Jingzhi Tan and Brian Hare (2013).

34
National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, Keck Futures Initiative Conference, Irvine, CA, November 2014.

35
E. O. Wilson (1975).

36
Michael Tomasello (2008), Gary Stix (2014), p. 77.

37
Emil Menzel (1972).

38
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2011).

39
Ingrid Visser et al. (2008).

40
Christophe Boesch and Hedwige Boesch-Achermann (2000).

41
The two photographs are featured in Gary Stix (2014).

42
Malini Suchak et al. (2014).

43
Michael Wilson et al. (2014).

44
Sarah Calcutt et al. (2014).

45
Hal Whitehead and Luke Rendell (2015).

46
Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal (2003). See also “Two Monkeys Were Paid Unequally,” TED Blog Video, http://bit.ly/1GO05tz.

47
Sarah Brosnan et al. (2010), Proctor et al. (2013).

48
Frederieke Range et al. (2008), Claudia Wascher and Thomas Bugnyar (2013), Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal (2014).

49
Redouan Bshary and Ronald Noë (2003).

50
Redouan Bshary et al. (2006).

51
Alexander Vail et al. (2014).

52
Toshisada Nishida and Kazuhiko Hosaka (1996).

53
Jorg Massen et al. (2014b).

54
Caitlin O’Connell (2015).

CHAPTER 7: TIME WILL TELL

1
Robert Browning (2006 [orig. 1896]), p. 113.

2
Otto Tinklepaugh (1928).

3
Gema Martin-Ordas et al. (2013).

4
Marcel Proust (1913), p. 48.

5
Karline Janmaat et al. (2014), Simone Ban et al. (2014).

6
Endel Tulving (1972, 2001).

7
Nicola Clayton and Anthony Dickinson (1998).

8
Stephanie Babb and Jonathon Crystal (2006).

9
Sadie Dingfelder (2007), p. 26.

10
Thomas Suddendorf (2013), p. 103.

11
Endel Tulving (2005).

12
Mathias Osvath (2009).

13
Lucia Jacobs and Emily Liman (1991).

14
Nicholas Mulcahy and Josep Call (2006).

15
Mathias Osvath and Helena Osvath (2008), Osvath and Gema Martin-Ordas (2014).

16
Juliane Bräuer and Josep Call (2015).

17
Caroline Raby et al. (2007), Sérgio Correia et al. (2007), William Roberts (2012).

18
Nicola Koyama et al. (2006).

19
Carel van Schaik et al. (2013).

20
Anoopum Gupta et al. (2010), Andrew Wikenheiser and David Redish (2012).

21
Sara Shettleworth (2007), Michael Corballis (2013).

22
In 2011 French media compared Dominique Strauss-Kahn to a “
chimpanzé en rut.
”

23
Richard Byrne (1995), p. 133, Robin Dunbar (1998a).

24
Ramona Morris and Desmond Morris (1966).

25
Philip Kitcher (2006), p. 136.

26
Harry Frankfurt (1971), p. 11, also Roy Baumeister (2008).

27
Jessica Bramlett et al. (2012).

28
Michael Beran (2002), Theodore Evans and Beran (2007).

29
Friederike Hilleman et al. (2014)

30
Adrienne Koepke et al. (in press).

31
Walter Mischel and Ebbe Ebbesen (1970).

32
David Leavens et al. (2001).

33
Walter Mischel et al. (1972), p. 217.

34
Michael Beran (2015).

35
Sarah Boysen and Gary Berntson (1995).

36
Edward Tolman (1927).

37
David Smith et al. (1995).

38
Robert Hampton (2004).

39
Allison Foote and Jonathon Crystal (2007).

40
Arii Watanabe et al. (2014)

41
Josep Call and Malinda Carpenter (2001), Robert Hampton et al.
(2004).

42
Alastair Inman and Sara Shettleworth (1999).

43
The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
, July 7, 2012, Francis Crick Memorial Conference at Churchill College, University of Cambridge.

CHAPTER 8: OF MIRRORS AND JARS

1
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2006). See also “Mirror Self-Recognition in Asian Elephants” (video), Jan. 11, 2015, http://bit.ly/1spFNoA.

2
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2014).

3
Michael Garstang et al. (2014).

4
Ulric Neisser (1967), p. 3.

5
Lucy Bates et al. (2007).

6
Karen McComb et al. (2014).

7
Karen McComb et al. (2011).

8
Joseph Soltis et al. (2014).

9
Gordon Gallup Jr. (1970), James Anderson and Gallup (2011).

10
Daniel Povinelli (1987).

11
Emanuela Cenami Spada et al. (1995), Mark Bekoff and Paul Sherman (2003).

12
Matthew Jorgensen et al. (1995), Koji Toda and Shigeru Watanabe (2008).

13
Doris Bischof-Köhler (1991), Carolyn Zahn-Waxler et al. (1992), Frans de Waal (2008).

14
Abigail Rajala et al. (2010), Liangtang Chang et al. (2015)

15
Frans de Waal et al. (2005).

16
Philippe Rochat (2003).

17
Diana Reiss and Lori Marino (2001).

18
Helmut Prior et al. (2008).

19
My translation of Jürgen Lethmate and Gerti Dücker (1973), p. 254.

20
Ralph Buchsbaum et al. (1987 [orig. 1938]).

21
Roland Anderson and Jennifer Mather (2010).

22
Katherine Harmon Courage (2013), p. 115.

23
Roland Anderson et al. (2010).

24
Jennifer Mather et al. (2010), Roger Hanlon and John Messenger (1996).

25
Roland Anderson et al. (2002).

26
Aristotle (1991), p. 323.

27
Jennifer Mather and Roland Anderson (1999), Sarah Zylinski (2015).

28
Roger Hanlon (2007), Hanlon (2013).

29
Roger Hanlon et al. (1999).

30
Culum Brown et al. (2012).

31
Robert Jackson (1992), Stim Wilcox and Jackson (2002).

32
Andrew Whiten et al. (2005).

33
Edwin van Leeuwen and Daniel Haun (2013).

34
Susan Perry (2009); see also Marietta Dindo et al. (2009).

35
Elizabeth Lonsdorf et al. (2004).

36
Jenny Allen et al. (2013).

37
Erica van de Waal et al. (2013).

38
Nicolas Claidière et al. (2015).

39
Frans de Waal and Denise Johanowicz (1993).

40
Kristin Bonnie and Frans de Waal (2007).

41
Michio Nakamura et al. (2000).

42
Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1994), Noriko Inoue-Nakamura and Matsuzawa (1997).

43
Stuart Watson et al. (2015).

44
Tetsuro Matsuzawa et al. (2001), Frans de Waal (2001).

45
Konrad Lorenz (1952), p. 86.

46
Frans de Waal and Jennifer Pokorny (2008).

47
Frans de Waal and Peter Tyack (2003).

48
Stephanie King et al. (2013).

49
Laela Sayigh et al. (1999), Vincent Janik et al. (2006).

50
Jason Bruck (2013).

51
Stephanie King and Vincent Janik (2013).

CHAPTER 9: EVOLUTIONARY COGNITION

1
Marc Bekoff and Colin Allen (1997), p. 316.

2
Anthony Tramontin and Eliot Brenowitz (2000).

3
Jonathan Marks (2002), p. xvi.

4
David Hume (1985 [orig. 1739]), p. 226, with thanks to Gerald Massey.

5
“Study: Dolphins Not So Intelligent on Land,”
Onion
, Feb. 15, 2006.

6
Jolyon Troscianko et al. (2012).

7
Donald Dewsbury (2000).

8
Frans de Waal and Sarah Brosnan (2006).

9
Frans de Waal and Pier Francesco Ferrari (2010).

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