America's Great Game (65 page)

Black, Eugene R.,
210

Black Saturday,
135
,
136

Bliss, Daniel,
21
,
36
,
91
,
243

Bohlen, Charles “Chip,”
258

Bolshevik Revolution,
48

BOOT operation,
163
,
164
,
169

See also
AJAX operation

Booz, Allen & Hamilton (BA&H),
150–152
,
155
,
157–158
,
195
,
258
,
284

Boroujerdi (grand ayatollah),
167

Bourguiba, Habib,
28

Brazil,
5
,
13

Brinton, Crane,
149
,
155

Britain,
23
,
124
,
193

and the Baghdad pact,
188
,
204
,
213

and conflict over the Buraimi oasis,
204–205

early presence in the Middle East,
6
,
7–8
,
21

and Egypt,
6
,
7
,
8
,
21
,
33–35
,
77
,
79–80
,
138
,
141–142
,
153
,
156
,
160
,
204

and the Eisenhower Doctrine,
262
,
263

fading power of,
46
,
51
,
61
,
77
,
288

fanning the flames of US anticommunism,
163
,
223
,
275

imperial culture of, influence of,
7
,
9
,
10
,
17
,
19
,
33–34
,
43–44
,
45
,
59
,
80

and Iran,
48
,
49
,
59
,
80
,
163
,
164

and Iraq,
8
,
43–45
,
77
,
80
,
103
,
214
,
221

and Jordan,
204
,
214
,
252
,
265
,
275
,
280
,
288

and Lebanon,
34–35
,
268
,
288

and Nasser,
188
,
193–194
,
213–214
,
221
,
245
,
256–257
,
258–259
,
264

objections to possible US-Egypt arms deal,
190

and the OMEGA program,
221
,
223
,
224
,
230

and Operation GAMMA,
213–214

and Palestine,
8
,
56
,
61–62
,
117
,
288

and Project ALPHA,
176
,
187
,
188
,
213

and regime change in Syria,
103
,
254
,
256
,
260
,
274–275
,
276
,
280–281
,
288

staging a comeback,
218

and the Suez Canal dispute,
6
,
124
,
135
,
136
,
147
,
158–159
,
176
,
190
,
191
,
200
,
233
,
234
,
257
,
259
,
260
,
262
,
263
,
265
,
276

and Transjordan,
8
,
77
,
80
,
103

and US origins,
22
,
48
,
125
,
140

US view toward colonial rule of,
48
,
51

British and Russian empires, contest between.
See
Great Game

British Counter Intelligence Centre Iraq,
44

British Mandate (for Palestine),
56
,
62

British Petroleum (BP)/Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC),
48
,
161–162
,
283
,
294

British Political Intelligence Centre Cairo,
33–34
,
35

British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS).
See
MI6

Bruce, David K. E.,
282

Bruce-Lockhart, John,
259

Brunner, Alois,
156

Buchan, John,
24
,
80
,
134
,
138
,
172

Bunche, Ralph,
32

Burgess, Guy,
169

Burnham, James,
149–150
,
159
,
229
,
296

Burns, Eugene,
287

Byroade, Henry A.,
145
,
178
,
179
,
181
,
182
,
183
,
186
,
192
,
193
,
194–195
,
197–198
,
199
,
200
,
201
,
206
,
208
,
212
,
226
,
232
,
282

Cabell, Charles P.,
279

Caccia, Harold,
274
,
275

Caffery, Jefferson,
139
,
142
,
152
,
154
,
182

Cairo.
See
Egypt

Cairo Tower,
192

Calvinism,
180
,
229

Capra, Frank,
232

Carleton, Alford,
236

Casablanca
(movie),
23

Central Conference of American Rabbis,
58
,
87

Central Intelligence Act (1949),
133

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

charting the transition to,
150

coup studied in training classes of,
104

direct precursor to,
55
,
63
,
65
,
72

early drift of,
299

formation of,
55–56
,
66
,
113

former OSS-ers campaign to create,
55–56

graduates of Groton School for Boys and,
10
,
12

growing criticism of covert operations by,
281–282

handover of special operations to,
72

increasing bureaucracy of,
283

internal rivalry in,
281

military control of,
56

and the National Security Act,
56
,
125

and the RAND Corporation,
229

report on the proposed partitioning of Palestine,
63

strained relationship between MI6 and,
263

See also specific CIA personnel, operations/projects, and countries of operation

Central Intelligence Group (CIG),
55
,
63
,
65
,
72

Chameleon operation,
205

Chamoun, Camille,
268
,
286
,
287–288

Chase Manhattan Bank,
295

Chess match metaphor,
233

China,
32
,
133
,
194
,
229
,
232
,
247

Christian Century
(magazine),
86
,
89
,
120
,
212

Christianity and Islam, alliance between,
61
,
122
,
123
,
129
,
180–181
,
236
,
238
,
239
,
243
,
288

Christian-Muslim Convocation,
122
,
180
,
236

Churchill, Winston,
48
,
49
,
61
,
158
,
163
,
164
,
172–173
,
188
,
190
,
213

CIA conduits,
238
,
292

See also
Dearborn Foundation

CIA front groups.
See
American Friends of the Middle East (AFME)
;
Committee of Correspondence
;
Non-Communist Left (NCL) groups

CIA predecessor.
See
Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Close, Arthur C.,
271

Coffin, Henry Sloane,
90

Colby, William,
295

Cold War

early signs of,
42
,
43

early years of,
189

first Arab coup of,
78

first US-Soviet confrontation in,
43
,
49–50

as an iteration of the Great Game,
52

official declaration of,
54

shift in the focus of,
146

skirmishes of 1946 and 1947,
161

US strategy during,
46
,
82–83
,
108
,
123
,
161
,
207
,
226
,
242
,
243
,
246
,
273

See also specific countries, organizations, events, and people involved in the war

Committee for Justice and Peace in the Holy Land (CJP),
89
,
90–92
,
93
,
116
,
117
,
120
,
125
,
235

Committee of Correspondence,
120
,
129
,
130

Communism,
83
,
123
,
135
,
161
,
163
,
165
,
181
,
194
,
218
,
243
,
246
,
247
,
269
,
272
,
274

conflation of nationalism and,
279
,
287

expansion of, threat of,
49
,
50–51
,
54
,
98
,
103
,
123
,
220
,
223
,
229–230
,
249
,
263
,
265
,
276

See also
Anticommunism
;
China
;
Cold War
;
Czechoslovakia
;
Soviet Union

Communist Party of Iran (Tudeh),
50
,
161
,
162
,
166
,
168

Communist Party of Syria,
98
,
220

“Consequences of the Partition of Palestine, The” (CIA report),
63

Continuing Committee on Muslim-Christian Cooperation (CCMCC),
122
,
129
,
238
,
239

Coon, Carleton S.,
23
,
24
,
25
,
27
,
91

Cooper, Chester L.,
222
,
257
,
259–260

Coordinator of Information (COI) office,
15
,
23
,
32
,
69

See also
Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Copeland, Lorraine (wife of Miles).
See
Adie, Elizabeth Lorraine

Copeland, Miles A., Jr.,
144
,
219–220
,
256
,
266

and the ArabIsraeli conflict,
182
,
211

Archie on crypto-diplomatic efforts of,
250

autobiography of,
67
,
72
,
101
,
102
,
103
,
104
,
136
,
137
,
167
,
174
,
217
,
228
,
297

with BA&H and under cover for the CIA,
150–153
,
154
,
155
,
157–158
,
258
,
284

birth of,
68

board game based on
The Game of Nations
,
296–297

books written by,
67–68
,
72
,
96–97
,
101–102
,
103
,
104
,
136
,
137
,
154
,
155
,
228
,
267
,
294
,
296