American Experiment (127 page)

[Schouler concludes that “the remedy is not with us”]:
W. Elliot Brownlee and Mary M. Brownlee,
Women in the American Economy
(Yale University Press, 1976), p. 169.

[“Female fragment societies”]:
Richard D. Brown, “The Emergence of Urban Society in Rural Massachusetts, 1760-1820,”
Journal of American History,
Vol. 61, No. 1 (June 1974), p. 39.

[Emma Willard and the Troy Female Seminary]:
Anne Firor. Scott, “What, Then, Is the American: This New Woman?”
Journal of American History,
Vol. 65, No. 3 (December 1978), pp. 679-703.

[Women at Oberlin]:
Jill K. Conway, “Perspectives on the History of Women’s Education in the United States,”
History of Education Quarterly,
Vol. 14, No. 1 (Spring 1974). pp. 1-11.

[Emergence of women’s rights movement within abolitionism]:
Aileen S. Kraditor,
Means and Ends in American Abolitionism
(Pantheon Books, 1967), pp. 11-39.

[Lucretia Mott and National Anti-Slavery Convention]:
Otelia Cromwell,
Lucretia Mott
(Harvard University Press, 1958), p. 58.

[Exclusion of women from World’s Anti-Slavery Convention]:
Mari Jo and Paul Buhle,
The Concise History of Woman Suffrage
(University of Illinois Press, 1978), pp. 78-87.

[Seneca Falls convention]:
Eleanor Flexner,
Century of Struggle
(Harvard University Press, 1975), Ch. 5.
[Seneca Falls declaration]:
text in Miriam Schneir, ed.,
Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings
(Vintage Books, 1972), pp. 77-82.

[Lucretia Mott]:
Margaret Hope Bacon,
Valiant Friend
(Walker, 1980); Anna Davis Hallowell, ed.,
James and Lucretia Mott, Life and Letters
(Houghton Mifflin, 1884).

[Legal status of wives]:
Richard B. Morris,
Studies in the History of Early American Law
(Columbia University Press, 1930), Ch. 4; Mary R. Beard,
Woman as Force in History
(Macmillan, 1946), pp. 113-21; Peggy Rabkin, “The Origins of Law Reform: The Social Significance of the Nineteenth-Century Codification Movement and Its Contribution to the Passage of the Early Married Women’s Property Acts,”
Buffalo Law Review,
Vol. 24, No. 3 (Spring 1975), pp.683-760; Linda K. Kerber,
Women of the Republic
(University of North Carolina Press, 1980), Ch. 5.

[Difficulty of divorce]:
Kerber, Ch. 6.

[Millicent Hunt]:
diary quoted in Adams, pp. 67-84.

[Lydia Maria Child]:
Patricia G. Holland and Milton Meltzer, eds.,
The Collected Correspondence of Lydia Maria Child, 1817-1880,
Guide and Index to the Microfiche Edition (Kraus Microform, 1980); “Biography of Lydia Maria Child,”
ibid.,
pp. 23-38; Collections of Lydia Maria Child papers and correspondence in the Schlesinger Library, Harvard College, and in the New York Public Library.

[Women’s rights and blacks’ rights]:
see, in general, Gerda Lerner,
The Majority Finds its Past
(Oxford University Press, 1979); Kerber.

[Mehitable Eastman on “hearts to feel”]:
quoted in Vogel, “Hearts to Feel and Tongues to Speak,” p. 64.

[Frances Wright’s voyage to America]:
Alice J. G. Perkins and Theresa Wolfson,
Francis Wright: Free Enquirer
(Harper & Brothers, 1939), quoted at pp. 26-29.

[Voyage of the
Oxford]: Edwin C. Guillet,
The Great Migration
(Thomas Nelson, 1937), p. 78; Thomas W. Pate, “The Transportation of Immigrants and Reception Arrangements in the Nineteenth Century,”
Journal of Political Economy,
Vol. 19, No. 9 (November 1911), pp. 732-49.

[Reception of immigrants at docks]:
Guillet, pp. 185-86; Nevins, Vol. 2, p. 285.

[Irish emigration after 1835]:
Oscar Handlin,
Boston’s immigrants
(Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 51.
[Statistics on immigration]:
David Ward,
Cities and Immigrants: A Geography of Change in Nineteenth Century America
(Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 63.

[Concentration of immigrants in tenement neighborhoods]:
Ward, p. 107.

[Incident of doctor and canal worker]:
Rudolph J. Vecoli,
The People of New Jersey
(Van Nostrand, 1965), p. 81.

[Swindling of immigrants]:
Nevins, Vol. 2, pp. 282-85.

[Irish in New Jersey]:
Vecoli, passim.

[Competition between Irish and blacks]:
Robert Ernst,
Immigrant Life in New York City
(King’s Crown Press, 1949), pp. 66-68.

[Bellevue]:
Raymond A. Mohl,
Poverty in New York, 1783-1825,
(Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 84-85.

[Work as deterrent to welfare]: ibid.,
p. 225.

[Mike Walsh and Tammany]:
William V. Shannon,
The American Irish
(Macmillan, 1963), pp. 51-54.
[Walsh on “negro slaves and white wage slaves”]:
quoted in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.,
The Age of Jackson
(Little, Brown, 1945), p. 490.

[Poor whites of the rural South]:
Clement Eaton,
The Growth of Southern Civilization, 1790-1860
(Harper & Row, 1961), pp. 168-76; J. Wayne Flynt,
Dixie’s Forgotten People
(Indiana University Press, 1979).

[Franklin Plummer]:
Reinhard H. Luthin, “Some Demagogues in American History,”
American Historical Review,
Vol. 57, No. 1 (October 1951), pp. 22-46, esp. pp. 25-26; Edwin A. Miles, “Franklin E. Plummer: Piney Woods Spokesman of the Jackson Era,”
Journal of Mississippi History,
Vol. 14 (January 1952), pp. 2-34.

[Protest of
“
Unlettered Mechanic”]:
quoted in Howard Zinn,
A People’s History of the United States
(Harper & Row, 1980), p. 216;
[handbill against the “rich”]: ibid.,
p. 218.

[Protest of Sojourner Truth]:
quoted in Schneir, pp. 94-95.

[Lydia Maria Child on drawing up her will]:
Lydia Maria Child to Ellis Gray Loring, Feb. 24, 1856, reprinted in
Letters of Lydia Maria Child
(Houghton Mifflin, 1882).

[Staughton Lynd on the Declaration of Independence]:
Staughton Lynd,
Intellectual Origins of American Radicalism
(Pantheon Books, 1968), p. 4.

[Barrington Moore on the recurring sense of injustice]:
Moore, p. 77.

[Angelina Emily Grimké and Sarah Moore Grimké]:
Gerda Lerner,
The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina
(Houghton Mifflin, 1967); Gilbert H. Barnes and Dwight L. Dumond, eds.,
Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimké Weld, and Sarah Grimké, 1822-1844,
2 vols. (Peter Smith, 1965).

[Theodore Weld]:
Benjamin P. Thomas,
Theodore Weld
(Rutgers University Press, 1950).

[Frederick Douglass in the
North Star
on the Seneca Falls convention]:
quoted in Schneir, p. 85.

[Lydia Maria Child on Fanny Kemble and Pierce Butler]:
Lydia Maria Child to Ellis Gray Loring, Dec. 5, 1838, Lydia Maria Child Papers, New York Public Library.

[Exchanges at the Akron meeting]:
Schneir, pp. 93-95.

[Seneca Falls declaration and economic issues]: ibid.,
p. 82.

[FLRA “Factory Tract”]:
reprinted in Vogel, “Their Own Work,” p. 795.

[Frances Wright]:
Perkins and Wolfson; William Randall Waterman, “Frances Wright,”
Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law,
Vol. 115, No. 1 (Columbia University Press, 1924), pp. 92-133: Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin, “The Nashoba Plan for Removing the Evil of Slavery: Letters of Frances and Camilla Wright, 1820-1829,”
Harvard Library Bulletin,
Vol. 23, No. 3 (July 1975), and No. 4 (October 1975).

[The Whig rally in Dayton]: Ohio State Journal,
Sept. 16, 1840, p. 2; Dayton
Log Cabin,
No. 12, Sept. 18, 1840, p. 1.

[William Henry Harrison’s speech, Dayton, Ohio, Sept. 10, 184o]:
Cincinnati
Gazette,
Sept. 12, 1840; Dayton
Log Cabin,
No. 12, Sept. l8, 1840; text published by the Whig Republican Association, reprinted in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed.,
History of American Presidential Elections
(Chelsea House, 1971), Vol. t, pp. 737-44. The version quoted is paraphrased from Schlesinger, pp. 678-79.

[Harrison’s “first presidential campaign speech”]:
Robert Gray Gunderson,
The Log-Cabin Campaign
(University Press of Kentucky, 1957), pp. 164-65.

[John Quincy Adams on “itinerant speech-making”]:
John Quincy Adams,
Memoirs
(Lippincott, 1876), Vol. 10, p. 352, entry for Sept. 24, 1840.

[Invective]:
Schlesinger, pp. 671-74; Gunderson, passim.

[Voter turnout, 1840]:
William Nisbet Chambers, “Election of 1840,” Schlesinger, p. 680; see also William Nisbet Chambers,
Political Parties in a New Nation
(Oxford University Press, 1963), Ch. 1.

[Harrison’s inaugural]:
Robert Seager II,
And Tyler Too
(McGraw-Hill, 1963), p. 144.

[Harrison’s illness]:
Glyndon G. Van Deusen,
The Jacksonian Era: 1828-1848
(Harper & Brothers, 1959), p. 153.

[Tyler on Whig factions]:
Seager, p. 149.

[Clay’s anger]: ibid.,
p. 134.

[Dilemma of the Whigs in Congress]:
John E. Fisher, “The Dilemma of a States’ Rights Whig,”
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,
Vol. 81, No. 4 (October 1973), pp.

387-404.

[Ewing’s bank bill]:
Clement Eaton,
Henry Clay and the Art of American Politics
(Little, Brown, 1957), p. 146.
[Clay’s reaction]: ibid.,
p. 147.

[Tyler’s retort to Clay]:
Seager, p. 154.

[“Corporal’s Guard” of Virginians]: ibid,
p. 159.

[Tyler on Clay’s compromise]: ibid,
p. 155.

[Veto celebration and protest]: ibid.,
p. 156.

[Crittenden’s warning]: ibid.,
p. 159.

[Webster and Tyler]:
Van Deusen, p. 159.

[Van Deusen on “logrolling”]: ibid.,
p.

[Tyler welcomes Democratic victory of 1842]:
Seager, p. 171.

[Whigs nominating generals]:
James MacGregor Burns,
The Deadlock of Democracy
(Prentice-Hall, 1963), pp. 60-61.

[Politics of Whiggery]:
William R. Brock,
Parties and Political Conscience: American Dilemmas, 1840-1850,
(KTO Press, 1979); Daniel Walker Howe,
Political Culture of the American Whigs
(University of Chicago Press, 1979); Lynn L. Marshall, “The Strange Stillbirth
of the Whig Party,”
American Historical Review,
Vol. 72, No. 2 (January 1967), pp. 445-68; Sydney Nathans,
Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy
(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973)·

[Marshall on Whig nostalgia for a “heroic era” of leadership]:
“Stillbirth of the Whig Party,” p. 463.

[Frederic Tudor, the “Ice King”]:
Daniel J. Boorstin,
The Americans: The National Experience
(Random House, 1965), pp. 11-16; Dumas Malone, ed.,
Dictionary of American

Biography
(Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Vol. 19, pp. 47-48.

[Nathan Jarvis Wyeth]:
Boorstin, pp. l3-14.

[Solomon Willard]: ibid,
pp. 18-19;
Dictionary of American Biography,
Vol. 20, pp. 241-42.

[Du Pont Company]:
Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., and Stephen Salsbury,
Pierre S. du Pont and the Making of the Modern Corporation
(Harper & Row, 1971).

[Samuel Finley Morse]: Dictionary of American Biography,
Vol. 13, pp. 247-51.

[Railroad development and leadership]:
Thomas C. Cochran,
Railroad Leaders, 1845-1890: The Business Mind in Action
(Harvard University Press, 1953); Roger Burlingame,
March of the Iron Men
(Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1938); Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., ed.,
The Railroads
(Harcourt, Brace
&
World, 1965).

[Railroad expansion]:
Chandler, p. 13.

[Boston and New York City railroad promoters and magnates]:
Cochran, pp. 263-64.

[Schuyler-Pond exchange]:
Robert Schuyler to Charles F. Pond, Dec. 1, 1848, reprinted in Cochran, p. 457.

[Population growth and economic growth]:
Stuart Bruchey,
The Roots of American Economic Growth, 1607-1861
(Harper & Row, 1965), p. 91.

[Adams on Whigs]:
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.,
The Age of Jackson
(Little, Brown, 1945), p. 279.

[Whigs and economic development]:
Robert Kelley,
The Cultural Pattern of American Politics
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), pp. 154-55.

[Hare on unity of interests]:
Schlesinger,
Age of Jackson,
p. 270.

[Everett on “wheel of fortune”]: ibid.,
p. 271.

[Channing on hardships of the rich]: ibid.,
p. 272.

[“Ode to the Factory Girl”]: ibid.

[Channing on “Elevation of Soul”]: ibid.,
p. 273.

[American politics a “romance”]:
Louis Hartz,
The Liberal Tradition in America
(Harcourt, Brace, 1955), p. 140.

[Van Deusen on Ohio Whigs]:
Van Deusen, p. 96.

[Wealth of Boston Whiggery]:
Robert Rich, “ ‘A Wilderness of Whigs’,”
Journal of Social History.
Vol. 4 (Spring 1971), pp. 263-76.

[Justice Story]:
Hartz, p. 104.
[Shaw and “fellow-servant rule”]:
Richard B. Morris, ed.,
Encyclopedia of American History,
rev. ed. (Harper & Brothers, 1961), p. 778.

[Everett on “Numbers against Property”]:
Schlesinger,
Age of Jackson,
p. 110.