American Crucifixion (47 page)

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: Entry for January 23, 1846, George D. Smith, ed.,
An Intimate Chronicle: The Journals of William Clayton
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1995).
247
Bishop Miller was “considerably bewildered”
: January 30, 1846, Brigham Young,
Journal of Discourses
(Liverpool and London: F. D. and S. W. Richards, 1854), available online at
http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/JournalOfDiscourses3/id/9599/rec/1
.
248
“Behold James J. Strang hath cursed”
:
Millennial Star
, vol. 7, p. 157.
248
“I do not know of ten persons”
: Quinn,
Mormon Hierarchy,
p. 211.
248
prominent Saints rallied to Strangism
: Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery,
Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith
(Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), p. 232.
249
Halcyon Order of the Illuminati
: Speek, “
God Has Made Us a Kingdom,”
pp. 47, 53.
249
Strang summoned his followers
: Ibid., pp. 121–122.
250
the plates made him do it
: Ibid., p. 164.
251
Discrediting Sidney Rigdon
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church
, vol. 7, p. 269.
252
“He seemed sane”
: Van Wagoner,
Sidney Rigdon
, pp. 356, 399.
252
had placed much of his property
: B. H. Roberts,
The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo
(Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1900), p. 111.
252
“Presidency . . . belongs to William”
: John Taylor, “The John Taylor Nauvoo Journal, January 1845–September 1845,”
BYU Studies
23 (3) (1983).
253
“mean enough to steal”
: Devery Anderson and Gary Bergera,
Joseph Smith’s Quorum of the Anointed, 1842–1845: A Documentary History
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2005), p. 162.
254
“enemies and outcasts”
: Arrington,
Brigham Young,
p. 123.
254
“The mob is upon us”
: Brigham Young, “Proclamation to Col. Levi Williams and Mob Party,” available online at
http://archive.org/stream/proclamationtoco00unse#page/n0/mode/2up
.
255
publishing upbeat excerpts
:
Nauvoo Neighbor
, September 17, 1845.
256
“time of our exodus”
: Glen Leonard,
Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise
(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 2002), p. 544.
14. T
HIS
W
ORLD AND THE
N
EXT
259
“The Marquis of Downshire”
:
Journal History (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints),
April 10, 1844.
260
“We are now conducted”
: Robert Wicks and Fred Foister,
Junius and Joseph: Presidential Politics and the Assassination of the First Mormon Prophet
(Logan: Utah State University Press, 2005), p. 237.
261
“Its fate is fixed”
:
New York Times
, January 20, 1862.
262
most-stolen book
: Debra J. Marsh, “Respectable Assassins: A Collective Biography and Socio-Economic Study of the Carthage Mob,” master’s thesis, University of Utah, December 2009, p. 4.
263
“the Mormon curse”
: B. H. Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
2nd ed., rev., vol. 6 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 532.
264
“naturally base, corrupt and cruel”
:
Salt Lake Tribune,
July 31, 1887.
265
Sharp offered some judicious
: Minutes, Hancock County Pioneer Association, August 1, 1870.
265
“Everybody loved Judge Sharp”
: “In Memoriam,” from Huntington Library, Pasadena, California; other cites from Dallin Oaks and Marvin Hill,
Carthage Conspiracy
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979), p. 218ff.
266
desultory fate of Governor . . . Ford
: John Francis Snyder, “Governor Ford and His Family,”
Journal of the Illinois Historical Society
3 (1910), and by the same author, “Death of Governor Ford’s Daughter,”
Journal of the Illinois Historical Society
3 (1910).
266
“weeds, tall grass and brush”
: N. B. Lundwall,
The Fate of the Persecutors of the Prophet Joseph Smith
(Salt Lake City: Private edition, 1952), p. 301.
266
Ford’s “troubled destiny”
: “Joseph the Seer,” Hinckley remarks, June 26, 1994, available online at
https://www.lds.org/ensign/1994/09/joseph-the-seer?lang=eng
.
267
“I am
Mad
”
: Annette Hampshire, “Thomas Sharp and Anti-Mormon Sentiment in Illinois, 1842–1845,”
Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
72 (May 1979), p. 93.
267
Backenstos resolved to move
: Harold Schindler,
Orrin Porter Rockwell: Man of God, Son of Thunder
(Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1966), p. 146; and Thomas Gregg,
History of Hancock County, Illinois, together with an outline history of the State, and a digest of State laws
(Chicago: Chapman, 1880), p. 341.
268
“the gallows was cheated”
:
Salt Lake Tribune
, June 11, 1878.
269
Rockwell’s funeral
: Schindler,
Orrin Porter Rockwell,
p. 363ff.
269
more than one cowboy ballad
: Ibid., p. 359ff.
269
“Her face was thin”
: Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery,
Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith
(Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), pp. 296–297.
270
“she could go to Heaven”
: Glen Leonard,
Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise
(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 2002), p. 635.
271
“I am convinced”
: Paul Edwards, “The Sweet Singer of Israel: David Hyrum Smith,”
BYU Studies
12 (2) (1972), p. 6.
271
two pages of questions
: This interview can be found in “Last Testimony of Sister Emma,”
Saints’ Herald
26 (October 1, 1879).
275
tenth anniversary celebration
: LaJean Purcell Carruth, transcriber, “John Taylor’s June 27, 1854, Account of the Martyrdom,”
BYU Studies
50 (3) (2011), p. 39.
275
the featured speaker . . . Apostle John Taylor
: For the full transcription of his remarks that day, see John G. Turner,
Brigham Young, Pioneer Prophet
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012), p. 172.
276
a ninety-six-page account
: Mark H. Taylor, “John Taylor: Witness to the Martyrdom of the Prophet Joseph Smith,” in
Champion of Liberty: John Taylor,
ed. Mary Jane Woodger (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2009).
GLOSSARY
Bishop:
Ward manager, monitors tithing by church members, distributes donated goods to immigrants and needy families.
Bogus making:
Counterfeiting.
Council of Fifty:
A secret body, appointed by Joseph Smith, intended to rule over Christ’s
Kingdom of God
after the Second Coming
.
Danites:
Mormon vigilante force, formed in response to anti-Mormon violence in Missouri.
Disfellowship; excommunication:
Church punishment for religious transgressions.
Elder:
A male church member who has received the priesthood endowment.
Endowment:
A temple ritual, introduced in Nauvoo, required for men and women to become full members of the church.
Exaltation:
Highest degree of glory in the eternal Mormon afterlife.
General Authorities:
Church leaders, including the
First Presidency
, the church’s ruling triumvirate, composed of Joseph Smith and a first and a second counselor. Other General Authorities are
The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
, led by Brigham Young.
Gentiles:
All non-Mormons, except for Jews and “Lamanites,” a Book of Mormon race.
Golden tablets; Book of Mormon:
Joseph Smith said he created the Book of Mormon from golden plates found in upstate New York. Other sacred Mormon texts include The Pearl of Great Price, a collection of scripture, and Doctrine and Covenants, Smith’s revelations.
Jack-Mormon:
A Gentile who sympathized with the Mormons. Today, it means a lapsed Mormon.
Keys, or the keys of the priesthood:
The right to exercise power in the church.
Mormon War of 1838:
Missourians’ successful attempt to expel the state’s 5,000 Mormons.
Nauvoo City Council, Nauvoo High Council:
Two bodies that, respectively, managed the city’s temporal and spiritual affairs.
Nauvoo
Expositor
:
Mormon dissident newspaper, destroyed by Joseph Smith.
Nauvoo Legion:
The standing Mormon militia in Illinois, about 2,000–3,000 strong.
Old settlers:
In both Missouri and Illinois, the preexisting populations—not Native Americans—who were generally hostile to Mormons.
Saints, or the Latter-day Saints:
Followers of Joseph Smith, also known as the Mormons.
Second Anointing:
Temple rite introduced in Nauvoo, assuring select couples eternal life.
“Spiritual wife” doctrine; “plural wife” doctrine:
Polygamy, also called the “principle.” Wives and husbands were “sealed for time,” meaning united in this life, or “sealed for time and eternity.”
Stake, ward:
Ecclesiastical districts, roughly equivalent to dioceses and parishes.
Temple:
Holy place of Mormon worship, larger, more grandiose, and more spiritually significant than a church. Gentiles may enter a Mormon church, but not a temple.
Temple garments:
Light underclothes worn by Mormons who have received their endowment.
Tithing:
Voluntary donations, generally fixed at 10 percent of income or net worth, to the church.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adams, Henry, Jr., ed. “Charles Francis Adams Visits the Mormons in 1844.”
Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings
68 (1952): 267–300.
Allman, John Lee. “Policing in Mormon Nauvoo.” Illinois Historical Journal 89 (2) (July 1, 1996).
Anderson, Devery. “‘I Could Love Them All’: Nauvoo Polygamy in the Marriage of Willard and Jennetta Richards.”
Sunstone
171 (June 2013).
———, and Gary Bergera.
Joseph Smith’s Quorum of the Anointed, 1842–1845: A Documentary History.
Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2005.
Anderson, Lavina F.
Lucy’s Book.
Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2001.
Anderson, Richard Lloyd. “Joseph Smith and the Millenarian Time Table.”
BYU Studies
3 (3–4) (1961).
Andreasen, Bryon C. “High Noon in Hancock County: Sheriff Minor Deming and the Anti-Mormons.” Unpublished monograph, courtesy of the author.
Andrus, Hyrum L., and Helen Mae Andrus.
They Knew the Prophet
. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1974.
Arrington, Leonard.
Brigham Young: American Moses.
Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986.
———.
Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-Day Saints, 1830–1900
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958.
———. “James Gordon Bennett’s 1831 Report on ‘The Mormonites.’”
BYU Studies
10 (3) (1970).
———.
The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-Day Saints.

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