All Hell Let Loose (124 page)

Aachen, 583

Abbott, Lt. Stephen, 214

Abe, Vice-Adm. Hiroake, 261

Abraham, W.E., 221

Abramov, Sasha, 172

Abrial, Adm. Jean-Marie, 63

Abyssinia, 110–11, 113

Ackerley, Joe Randolph, 344

Addison, Air Vice-Marshal Edward, 358

Addison, Edward, 473

Africa: British colonies at outbreak of war, 10; Britain raises recruits in, 409–12

Afrika Korps, 111, 114–15, 129–30, 365–6, 370, 375, 377

airborne forces, 326

airborne operations: German in Crete, 123; at Arnhem, 580–1; in Rhine crossing, 611

aircraft carriers: in Battle of Philippine Sea (1944), 565–7

Akhmedov, Capt. Ismael, 32

Alam Halfa, 366

Alamein
see
El Alamein

Albania, 109, 115–17, 188, 406

Albrecht, US Marine Karl, 436

Aleutians: Japanese attack on, 245

Alexander, Lt.Gen. Sir Harold (
later
1st Earl): commands in France (1940), 63; takes command in Burma, 222, 227; meets Stilwell, 223; transferred to Middle East, 227; appointed Middle East C. in C., 366; Churchill’s demands on, 369; on US Army weakness in North Africa, 378; as Eisenhower’s deputy, 378; reputation in North Africa, 380; conduct of Sicily campaign, 447, 449–50; overrules Clark at Salerno, 451; and advance on Rome, 455; calls on Italian partisans to rise against Germans, 459; considers death penalty for deserters, 462–3; on quality of German soldiers in Italy, 529; successful attack in Italy, 529

Alexandria: as British naval base, 107; French squadron interned at, 125; Royal Navy ships attacked by Italian human torpedoes, 294; decoy Malta convoy sails from, 295

al-Husayni, Mohammad Amin, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, 107, 405

Ali, Rashid, 124

Allain, Jehan, 72

American Volunteer Group: in Burma, 221

Amery, Leo, 17, 416, 423–4

Anders, Gen. Władysław, 7, 20–1, 305, 528, 595–6, 654

Anderson, Gen. Kenneth, 378

Andrievich, Alexander, 146

Anglo-Saxon
(British coal-carrier), 276–7

Annan, Noel, 517

Anthony, Maj. Seth, 410

anti-Semitism: in France, 81, 126, 403, 514, 660; throughout Europe, 514; in Britain and USA, 515–16; in Russia, 515; made unacceptable by Holocaust, 674;
see also
Holocaust; Jews

Antonescu, Gen. Ion, 117

Antwerp, 579, 582, 584, 586

Anufriev, Yevgeni, 151

Anzio, Italy, 334, 453, 528–9, 531

Arakan, 434–5, 560, 633

Archangel, Russia, 284

Ardeatine Caves, Italy, 460

Ardennes: German advance in (1940), 54–5;

 

 

Battle of the Bulge (winter 1944–5), 367, 589, 591–5

Arlington Hall (US intelligence centre), 369

Arnhem: radio communications failure, 446; Montgomery plans to capture, 577–9; battle for bridge, 580–3

Arnim, Gen. Jürgen von, 377–8

Arnold, Gen. Henry Harley (‘Hap’), 481, 651

Arrow Cross militia (Hungary), 599, 601–2

Arthur, Douglas, 30, 111

Artom, Emanuele, 406

Ashford, Pam, 17

Asia: resistance to post-war return of colonial rule, 658

Assam, 560, 564

Atkinson, Rick, 455

Atlantic: shipping movements, 274–5; and air cover, 275; air gap and Irish neutrality, 398

Atlantic, Battle of the: and oil imports, 99; US participation in, 189; importance, 271–2; war against submarines, 272–3, 280–2, 306;

Allied success, 284

Atlantic Charter, 420, 512

Atlantic Monthly
(USA), 186

Atlantic Wall, 533

atom bomb: used against Japan, xvi, 251, 648–51; Stalin’s desire for, 612; development, 646–8; debate over use, 648–50

Attlee, Pvt. Bill, 533

Auchinleck, Gen. Claude: takes command at Narvik, 50; replaces Wavell in Middle East, 128; troop numbers in Middle East, 136; armoured force destroyed, 138; dismisses Ritchie and takes command of Eighth Army, 364, 366; replaced by Montgomery, 366; qualities, 667

Ault, Cdr. Bill, 238

Aung San, 634–5, 659

Aurel, Voichita, 514

Auschwitz-Birkenau, 501–2, 506, 513, 520

Australia: troops in Papua New Guinea, 253, 263–7, 413, 433; troops hold out in Tobruk, 114–15, 131; forces in Greece, 118–20; casualties in Syria, 127; quality of troops in North Africa, 131; and Japanese threat, 199, 400; troops’ irresolution in Malaya, 206, 211–13; limits refugees from Japanese, 210–11; declines to divert troops to Burma, 222; labour obstructionism, 413; support for Britain, 413; troops in Borneo, 645; total casualties, 670

Austria, 671

Autumn Mist
, Operation, 590, 595

Axum
(Italian submarine), 295

 

 

Backe, Herbert, 141, 348

Bader, Douglas, 88

Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 117, 448, 451, 458

Bagration
, Operation, 527, 546, 548, 550, 668

Baldwin, Hanson, 413

Balkans: Axis controls, 124; Soviet army drive for, 550–1

Ball, George, 517

Ball, Pvt. Victor, 119

Baltic states: Stalin annexes, 75; and German invasion of Russia, 146; embrace Germans, 158; Jews eliminated, 511

Barbarossa
, Operation, 140–3, 145, 153, 178

Barclay, George, 88, 102–3

Baring, Sarah, 353

Baromykin, Boris, 178–9

Barthrop, Paddy, 84

Basu, P.K., 422

Bataan peninsula, Philippines: resists Japanese, 231–5; death march, 234

Battle of Britain: conduct, 80–8; British victory, 101; effect on US sentiment, 187; pilots’ experience of, 470

Battleaxe
, Operation, 128

Baxter, Corp. Peter, 328, 352, 378

Bayly, Christopher, 500

Béarn
(French aircraft carrier), 74

Beaver, Lt. Dorothy, 335, 358, 590

Bekbulatov, Valentina, 356

Belgium: neutrality, 25; Germans invade and occupy, 53–5, 72; surrenders, 63; fishing fleet relocates to Brixham, 340; liberated (1944), 577; civilian suffering, 592

Belgorod, 384, 392

Belgrade: Russians capture, 550

Bell, Ottilie, 490–1

Belov, Capt. Nikolai, 304, 308, 314, 321, 337, 376, 382, 386, 396, 526, 630

Belsey, Elizabeth, 29

Bengal: famine (1943–4), xvii, 351, 422–5

Bennett, Maj.Gen. Gordon, 211

Berezhkov, Valentin, 144

Bergholz, Olga, 313–14

Bergonzoli, Gen. Annibale, 109

Beria, Lavrenti: proposes elimination of Polish officers, 21; warns Stalin of proposed German invasion, 144; orders arrests, 146; as head of NKVD, 156; shoots dissident elements in prisons, 162; and NKVD actions at Stalingrad, 310; purges, 496

Berle, Adolf, 184

Berlin: bombed, 475, 478–9, 484–5, 492; anti-aircraft defences, 480; zoo bombed, 489; Russians reach, 595, 613; Eisenhower leaves to Russians, 611, 612; Zhukov’s assault on, 621–5; Red Army rape and destruction in, 627–8, 629

Bevan, Aneurin, 335

Beveridge Report (1942), 335

Bévésiers
(French submarine), 125

Billotte, Gen. Gaston, 62

biological warfare: by Japanese, 428, 672

Bir Hacheim, Libya, 136

Birbahadur, Naik, 457

Bird, Lt. Tom, 110

Bismarck Sea, Battle of the (March 1943), 267

Black, Lt. Earlyn, 202

Blamey, Gen. Sir Thomas, 119

Blanchard, Gen. Georges, 57, 62, 63

Bleichman, Ephrahim, 4, 12, 522

Bletchley Park: decrypting and intelligence operations, xix, 367–9, 663; and U-boat radio traffic, 283; women at, 353

blitzkrieg
: doctrine of, 177

Blois-Brooke, Lt.Cdr. Michael, 650

Blomberg, Field Marshal Werner von, 105

Blum, John Morton, 199

Blumenson, Martin, 186, 594

Blumentritt, Lt.Gen. Gunther, 300

Blundell, Cdr. George, 295, 297

Blunt, Maggie Joy, 39–40

Blunt, Roscoe, 333

Bock, Field Marshal Fedor von, 148, 162, 303

Boddy, Lt. John, 289

Bogenhardt, Tassilo von, 374, 397, 402

Bolzano
(Italian cruiser), 297

bomb disposal, 96–7

Bond, Petty Officer Roger, 564

Bondi, Capt. (German liaison officer to Italians), 374

Bone, Ted, 470, 478

Bonnet, Georges, 16

Borkovsky, Dieter, 619

Bormann, Martin, 488

Borneo, 645

Borthwick, Capt. Alastair, 332

Bose, Lt. A.M., 417

Bose, Subhas Chandra, 421–2

Boshell, Maj. Frankie, 562

Bougainville, 564

Bowlby, Lt. Alex, 462, 595

Bradley, Gen. Omar: troops’ indifference to war, 230; reputation, 380; campaign in Normandy, 554–5; hatred of Montgomery, 584

Bradshaw, Sgt. Sam, 131

Bramm, Peter, 161

Brandt, Lt. Karl-Friedrich, 387

Branson, Clive, 420

Brantly, Lt. Hattie, 202

Brauchitsch, Field Marshal Walther von, 76, 144, 175

Braun, Eva, 626

Brazil: joins Allies, 398

Brennan, Jack, 477–8

Brereton, Gen. Lewis, 232

Brest: submarine pens, 280

Brewster, Kingman, 186

Brickell, Russell, 120

Briggs, Laura, 339

Bristowe, Cdr. Bobby, 125

Britain: declares war on Germany, 1, 8–11; guarantees to Poland, 2–3; fails to support Poland, 15–16; conditions in ‘phoney war’, 27–9, 40; children evacuated, 28; accidents and road deaths in blackout, 29; civil defence, 29; differences with France, 41, 50, 62–3; troops in Norway campaign, 48–9; evacuates Norway, 50; inadequacy of army, 60–1; evacuated from France, 64–7; casualties in 1940 campaign in France, 72; German air assault on, 79, 81, 92–3; invasion threat to, 80, 90–1; scientific and technological superiority, 81–2; civilian casualties from air attacks, 93, 480; people’s views of war, 102–3; military prestige sinks, 128; communities’ behaviour in fall of Malaya, 210; soldiers’ irresolution, 215, 364; as aircraft and naval base, 269; dependence on sea supplies, 269, 275; merchant shipping losses, 284; wartime annual imports, 284; dockworkers’ inefficiency, 286; delegation to Moscow (1942), 299; total casualties, 324–5, 670; home front conditions, 342–5; food rations, 347; output of consumer goods declines, 347; women workers, 352–3; armaments production falls, 362; US troops in, 363; intelligence sharing with USA, 368; internment of dissenters and aliens, 400; opposes early landing in France, 442; artillery excellence, 445; inferior army wireless communications, 446; air bases, 491; anti-Semitism, 515–16; hesitancy over invasion of Normandy, 531; troops’ reluctance over invasion of Europe, 531–2; infantry weapons, 539–40; land war against Japanese, 559; manpower shortage in advance through Europe, 585, 588; developments on atomic bomb, 647; returned prisoners-of-war, 655–6; enters war as act of principle, 660; low human cost of war, 662–3; unmilitary behaviour, 662; defiance, 663; post-war loss of power, 663

British Empire: contribution to war effort, 408–9; administration, 421

British Expeditionary Force (BEF): in France, 25; and German advance, 53–4; evacuation from France, 63–7, 72–3; material losses in France, 67

Brontman, Lazar, 170, 302–3, 354, 381, 392–3, 526–7

Brooke, Gen. Alan (
later
Viscount Alanbrooke): on demoralised French army, 27; in Cairo with Churchill, 366; and slow Allied advance in Italy, 455, 529; hesitancy over invasion of Europe, 531; and British disposition in advance through Europe, 588; on army’s limitations, 663; achievements, 666

Brooke-Popham, Sir Robert, 202, 219

Broome, Capt. Jack, 291, 295

Brothers, Pete, 84, 86

Brown, Capt. Ramsay, 296, 298

Browning, Christopher, 520–2

Browning, Lt.Gen. Frederick (‘Boy’), 581

Bruneval, near Le Havre, 325–6

Bruns, Col. Walter, 508

Brush, Herbert, 95

Brussels: liberated (1944), 557

Bucharest: liberated, 658

Buckingham Palace: bombed, 101

Buckner, Gen. Simon Bolivar, 641, 644

Budapest: battle for and capture by Russians, 599–605

Budyonny, Marshal Semyon, 307

Bukov, Vasya, 312

Bulgaria: neutrality in Italian attack on Greece, 116; joins Axis, 118; Russians declare war on, 550

Bulge, Battle of the (winter 1944–5)
see
Ardennes

Burgett, Donald, 591

Burgoyne, Gen. John, 494

Burke, Capt. Arleigh, USN, 566

Burleigh, Michael:
Moral Combat
, xx, 81

Burma: Japanese invade and occupy, 218–20, 223–4, 434; British administration and attitudes, 219–20; Chinese military intervention in, 223–4; British losses in, 224; Indians in, 225–6; refugees, 225; pro-Japanese sentiments, 415; Indian airmen in, 418; British counter-strategy in, 433, 559; Wingate’s Chindits in, 434, 634; hostility to Japanese, 435, 500; Japanese declare independent, 435; Slim reconquers, 563, 633–4, 645, 664; post-war conditions, 659

Burma Defence Army, 225, 634–5

Burma Railway, 416

Burma Road (to China), 218, 222, 224

Burrough, Rear-Adm. Harold, 296–7

Busatti, Sgt. Franco, 457

Busch, Field Marshal Ernest, 546

Butler, John, 129–30

Butler, Signalman Richard, 271

Butler, Richard Austen, 226

 

 

Caen, Normandy, 537, 539, 554–5

Cairo: wartime conditions, 134; Rommel threatens, 306, 365

Calcutta: death rate in 1943 famine, 424

Calvocoressi, Peter, Guy Wint and John Pritchard:
Total War
, xix

CAM ships (armed merchantmen), 288

Campbell, Sir Ronald, 73

Canada: provides convoy escorts, 276, 283; troops in Dieppe raid, 326; tolerant attitude to Germans, 400; military service, 413–14; French Canadian hostility to war, 414; troops in invasion of Italy, 451; troops in Normandy battle, 555; troops delayed in Scheldt estuary, 584; soldiers’ behaviour in Europe, 587; casualties, 670