Alice + Freda Forever: A Murder in Memphis (27 page)

melancholia,
141
–
142
,
209

Memphis: crime rate in,
203
; Curve district of,
129
–
131
; jobs for women,
31
; newspaper industry in,
72
; society girls of,
73
–
74

men: jury rights of,
99
; media depiction of,
94
–
96
; power of,
31
,
70
; race and sexual assault by,
131
–
133
; women impersonating,
26
,
35
,
157

menstruation, vicarious,
145
–
146
,
210

Mitchell, Addie,
145
–
147
,
148
,
212

Mitchell, Alice.
See also
Alice and Freda; murder, of Freda Ward: alter egos of,
56
,
58
,
61
–
63
,
187
–
190
,
191
,
215
; arraignment of,
92
–
94
; arrest of,
68
; childhood of,
140
–
141
; at dances,
150
–
151
,
175
,
176
; death of,
176
–
178
; death threats by,
27
–
29
,
37
,
42
–
44
,
165
; delusions of,
22
,
55
–
56
,
60
,
62
; depression of,
57
–
59
,
149
; Golddust visits by,
27
,
48
; grave visit by,
178
–
179
; habeas corpus appearance by,
110
; Hypothetical Case of,
139
–
143
,
152
,
209
; indictment of,
86
; in jail,
70
,
127
–
129
; jealousy of,
27
–
29
,
38
–
45
,
55
,
59
–
60
,
159
–
160
,
163
–
165
; letter from Ada to,
51
–
53
; letters from, as Freda alter ego,
56
–
57
,
187
–
190
,
191
–
193
,
215
; letters from Freda to,
21
,
39
,
62
,
185
–
186
; letters to Freda from,
33
,
41
–
43
,
54
–
56
,
61
–
63
,
185
; male disguise plan of,
35
–
36
,
182
; masculinization of,
74
–
77
,
82
; murder of Freda by,
22
–
24
,
102
–
103
,
117
–
118
,
121
–
123
; proposal by,
32
–
33
,
156
,
201
; stalking Freda by,
19
–
23
,
38
–
39
,
60
–
64
; suicide plans of,
27
–
29
,
103
,
177
; testimony of,
161
–
168
,
211
; in Western Hospital for the Insane,
172
–
176

Mitchell, Frank,
140
,
147

Mitchell, George: daughter’s case actions of,
68
,
70
,
174
; death of,
212
; media depiction of,
95
; razor from,
58
–
59
; wife’s depression actions of,
70
,
141
–
143
,
144
–
145
,
209

Mitchell, Isabella: death of,
212n129
; depression of,
70
,
97
,
141
–
143
,
144
–
145
,
209
; letter from Ada to,
52
–
53
; media depiction of,
97

Mitchell, Mattie,
145
–
147
,
212

Mitchell, Robert,
52
,
147

Mitchell-Ward case: arraignment before,
91
–
94
; courthouse expansion for,
105
–
106
; defense of Alice Mitchell in,
138
–
157
,
167
–
168
,
204
; defense of Lillie Johnson in,
112
–
113
,
117
–
119
; erotomania diagnosis for,
79
–
80
,
157
; Franklin’s testimony in,
149
; habeas corpus of Lillie Johnson in,
104
–
126
; historic
importance of,
100
–
101
,
133
–
134
,
180
–
184
,
213
; Hypothetical Case for,
139
–
143
,
152
,
209
; Johnson’s, Lillie, testimony in,
121
–
123
; jury for,
99
; love letters in,
110
–
111
,
206
; media depiction of fathers in,
94
–
96
; media depiction of Lillie Johnson in,
94
; media depiction of mothers in,
97
–
98
; medical experts on,
153
–
157
,
180
–
184
; postponement of,
105
–
106
; prosecution of Alice Mitchell in,
81
,
147
,
150
–
153
,
157
–
160
,
161
–
167
; prosecution of Lillie Johnson in,
113
–
116
,
119
,
123
–
125
; as public entertainment,
91
–
92
,
104
–
105
; racism in,
99
,
106
–
107
; sex rhetoric in,
151
–
152
,
154
,
157
–
158
; sources,
14
,
200
; testimony of Alice Mitchell in,
161
–
168
,
211
; testimony of Jo Ward in,
85
,
116
–
120
,
117
–
118
; verdict for Alice Mitchell,
168
; verdict for Lillie Johnson,
105
,
126
; women spectators in,
107
–
109

Moss, Thomas,
129
–
131

Mundinger, Charles, Mrs.,
148

murder: of Borden family,
202
; of Carmack,
206
; crimes of passion,
111
,
149
,
158
,
163
; lynching,
129
–
131
,
133
; as masculine act,
101

murder, of Freda Ward.
See also
Mitchell-Ward case: arraignment for,
91
–
94
; arrest for,
68
,
85
; gun idea for,
42
–
44
; indictment for,
86
; media coverage of,
70
–
82
; modern view of,
78
–
80
; poison idea for,
27
–
29
; razor for,
58
–
59
,
61
,
103
; scene of,
22
–
24
,
102
–
103
,
117
–
118
,
121
–
123

newspaper industry.
See
media

Ora Lee,
21
,
22
,
83

Patterson, George,
88

Patterson, Josiah,
112

Patterson, Malcolm Rice: background of,
112
,
206
; on death of Alice Mitchell,
176
–
177
; defense of Lillie Johnson by,
118
–
119

People’s Grocery lynching,
129
–
131

Perry, John,
76
–
77

Peters, George: background of,
111
; prosecution of Alice Mitchell by,
81
,
147
,
157
–
158
,
161
–
167
; prosecution of Lillie Johnson by,
116
,
119
,
123
–
125

Peters, George, Sr.,
111

phrenology,
211

physician testimonies,
141
–
143

physiognomy,
211

pistols,
42
–
44

pleas, arraignment for,
91
–
94
.
See also
insanity defense

Pleasant Hour Social Club,
150
–
151

poison,
27
–
29

pregnancy, insanity of,
70
,
141
–
143
,
144
–
145

Pride and Prejudice
(Austen),
50
–
51

proposal,
32
–
33
,
156
,
201

Purnell, Christina,
21
,
23
,
158

Putin, Vladimir,
214

racism: Civil Rights Act of 1875 and,
99
,
205
; in jury rights,
99
; lynching,
129
–
131
,
133
; in media,
74
,
85
–
86
; in segregation laws,
106
–
107
; in sexual assault,
131
–
133
; in voting rights,
206
; Wells’ activism against,
131
–
133

razor, as murder weapon,
58
–
59
,
61
,
103

Ritchie, Rob,
56

Rosa Lee,
21
,
60

Roselle, Ashley: testimony of,
159
–
160
; testimony of Alice Mitchell on,
163
–
165
; Ward’s, Freda, relationship with,
38
–
43
,
55
,
59
–
60
,
159
–
160
,
163
–
165

Russia, same-sex love in,
214

Sale, E. P.,
154
,
157
,
158

same-sex love: chumming versus,
25
,
34
; in Europe,
26
; examples,
157
,
214
; French novels on,
26
,
181
; as hereditary,
183
–
184
,
214
; love sickness in,
149
; marriage, as insane,
154
–
156
,
167
; marriage, example of,
157
; masturbation and,
182
; medical opinion history on,
180
–
184
; modern bans on,
214
; in Russia,
214
; sexual love in,
151
–
152
,
154
,
157
–
158
unnaturalness of,
74
–
76
,
80

Sapphic Slashers
(Duggan),
208

Sardou, Victorien,
207

segregation laws,
106
–
107

sex: assault, race and,
131
–
133
; castration and,
181
; masturbation,
182
; as Mitchell-Ward case topic,
151
–
152
,
154
,
157
–
158
; as taboo topic,
79
–
80

Sexual Inversion
(Ellis),
183
–
184
,
214

Sim, Frank L.,
141
,
154
,
180
,
211

sleepovers,
27
,
48

social expectations.
See
men; women

society girls,
73
–
74

sports,
140
,
147

stalking,
19
–
23
,
38
–
39
,
60
–
64

Stanley & Hintons,
83
–
84

Stewart, Henry,
129
–
130

suicide plans,
27
–
29
,
103
,
177

Tennessee Guard,
131

theater: Alice and Freda’s story in,
207
,
213
; cross-dressing in,
26
,
35
,
157

La Tosca,
207

trials.
See
habeas corpus; Mitchell-Ward case

Turner, B. F.,
154
,
156
,
157

undertakers,
83
–
84

Van Dorn, Earl,
111

vicarious menstruation,
145
–
146
,
210

Virg (of Carbon, Tx.),
192
–
193

Volkmar, Ada,
27
; Alice and Freda discovered by,
47
–
53
; media depiction of,
97
–
98
; testimony of,
158

Volkmar, William,
189
; on eloping night,
51
; testimony of,
150

voting rights,
100
,
206

Ward, Freda.
See also
Alice and Freda; murder, of Freda Ward: death threats to,
27
–
29
,
37
,
42
–
44
,
165
; deceit and escape of,
21
,
62
–
64
; on eloping night,
47
,
51
; exhibitionism by,
25
,
34
,
48
; family background on,
27
,
73
,
95
–
96
,
97
; flirtatiousness of,
27
–
28
,
38
–
41
,
45
; funeral for,
88
–
90
; grave of,
178
–
179
; letters from Alice to,
33
,
41
–
43
,
54
–
56
,
61
–
63
,
185
; letters from Alice writing as,
56
–
57
,
187
–
190
,
191
–
193
,
215
; letters to Alice from,
21
,
39
,
62
,
185
–
186
; letters to Ashley from,
40
,
165
; poisoning,
27
–
29
; proposal to,
32
–
33
,
156
,
201
; with Roselle,
38
–
43
,
55
,
59
–
60
,
159
–
160
,
163
–
165
; silence of,
55
–
61
; stalking,
19
–
23
,
38
–
39
,
60
–
64
; at undertakers,
83
–
84