After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies (60 page)

Yom Kippur War,
40

YouTube,
198
,
208
,
222
,
233

Al-Zaabi, tribe,
271

Al-Zaman, newspaper,
211

Zanzibar,
22

Zayed bin Sultan Al-Nahyan Charitable and Humanitarian Foundation,
84

Zayed Centre for Coordination and Follow-Up,
102
,
176
,
265

Zayed City, in Afghanistan,
84

Zayed Future Energy Prize,
77

Zayed University of Afghanistan,
84

Zeitoun, Muannad,
261

Zhejian province, of China,
108

Zinat Al-Bihar,
182

Zionism,
175
–
177

Zoroastrianism,
75

Zubarah,
19
–
20

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgements

Acronyms

Introduction

The revolutions that never came

Explaining monarchical survival

Further explanations

1. State Formation and Economic Development

Origins of the Gulf monarchies

Britain and the early order

Independence and state formation

Economic development trajectories

2. Explaining Survival—Domestic Matters

Distributing wealth

National elites

Co-opting expatriates

Cults of personality

Heritage and history

Co-opting religion

Environmental credentials

3. Explaining Survival—External Matters

Development assistance and international charity

Active neutrality: peacekeeping and mediation

Soft power in the West: strategic investments and development assistance

Soft power in the West: cultural institutions

Soft power in the West: financing universities and manipulating research

Soft power in the East: China and Japan

4. Mounting Internal Pressures

Resources, populations, and subsidies

Voluntary unemployment

Squandering wealth

Poverty and real unemployment

Discrimination, statelessness, and sectarianism

Censorship and limiting expression

5. Mounting External Pressures

Welcoming foreigners and eroding legitimacy

Western bases and armaments

Antagonising Iran

Israel: the unholy alliance

Division and disunity

Interference and coups d’état

6. The Coming Collapse

Evolving opposition

Modernising forces

Countering the Arab Spring: the wrong side of history

Bahrain: rage and revolution

Oman: protests and promises

Saudi Arabia: the cracks appearing

Kuwait: ‘The People’s Spring’

United Arab Emirates: opposition emerges

Qatar: champion or charlatan?

Conclusion

Postscript

Notes

Bibliography

Index