A Ton of Crap (106 page)

Useful Swahili Phrases
Here are some helpful phrases to use when traveling to the eastern coast of Africa:

Hello.
Habari.

Good morning.
Habari ya asubuhi.

Good afternoon.
Habari ya mchana.

Good evening.
Habari ya jioni.

Good night.
Usiku mwema.

How are you?
Habari yako?

I don’t understand.
Sielewi.

Cheers!
Maisha marefu!

Do you speak English?
Unazungumza kiingereza
?

What’s your name?
Jina lako ni nani
?

Excuse me.
Samahani nipishe.

Sorry.
Samahani.

Please.
Tafadhali.

How much is this?
Hii ni bei gani
?

Thank you.
Asante.

Where’s the toilet?
Choo kiko wapi
?

Goodbye.
Kwaheri.

1. The first successful manned
   Apollo
   flight was:
   

   1. Apollo 5
      
   2. Apollo 6
      
   3. Apollo 7
      
   4. Apollo 8
      

2. What was the first mission that traveled to the Moon with the complete spacecraft?
   

   1. Apollo 8
      
   2. Apollo 9
      
   3. Apollo 10
      
   4. Apollo 11
      

3. Which of the following is true?
   

   1. William Shakespeare wrote tragedies, comedies, and histories.
      
   2. William Shakespeare wrote comedies, musicals, and horror.
      
   3. William Shakespeare wrote tragedies, musicals, and histories.
      
   4. William Shakespeare wrote musicals and horror.
      

4. What is blank verse?
   

   1. A metrical pattern that consists of lines of trochaic tetrameter that rhymes
      
   2. A metrical pattern that consists of lines of trochaic tetrameter that do not rhyme
      
   3. A metrical pattern that consists of lines of iambic pentameter that rhymes
      
   4. A metrical pattern that consists of lines of iambic pentameter that do not rhyme
      

5. In Pascal’s triangle, what is the third diagonal row made up of?
   

   1. Multiples of 2
      
   2. The Fibonacci sequence
      
   3. Triangular numbers
      
   4. Tetrahedral numbers
      

6. If you add up all of the horizontal rows in Pascal’s triangle, the values are:
   

   1. Multiples of 2
      
   2. The Fibonacci sequence
      
   3. Triangular numbers
      
   4. Tetrahedral numbers
      

7. Lucy was an important discovery because:
   

   1. She was the first
      Australopithecus afarensis
      ever discovered.
      
   2. She was proof that
      Australopithecus afarensis
      was bipedal.
      
   3. She was the first female hominid discovered.
      
   4. She was the tallest
      Australopithecus afarensis
      ever documented.
      

8. One of the reasons scientists believe the Neanderthals died off is:
   

   1. They assimilated with the
      Homo sapiens
      .
      
   2. They were killed off by the
      Homo sapiens
      .
      
   3. They got a severe illness that spread throughout the species.
      
   4. A and B.
      

9. Swahili is a combination of:
   

   1. Persian and Arabic
      
   2. Arabic, French, and Bantu
      
   3. Persian, Arabic, and Bantu
      
   4. Arabic, Italian, and Bantu
      

10. How do you say “Good morning” in Swahili?
    

    1. Habari ya mchana.
       
    2. Habari ya jioni.
       
    3. Habari ya asubuhi.
       
    4. Sielewi.
       

ANSWER KEY: c, c, a, d, c, a, b, d, c, c

HISTORY:
The Cultural Revolution in China
Mao Zedong, Great Leap Forward, Break from the Soviets, The Cultural Revolution, Tiananmen Incident, End of the Cultural Revolution

LANGUAGE ARTS:
Victorian Literature
Style of Victorian Literature, The English Novel, Children’s Literature, Poetry, Scientific and Philosophical Writing, Late Victorian Period

MATH:
Group Theory
What Is Group Theory?, Permutation Groups, Matrix Groups, Transformation Groups, Abstract Groups, Rubik’s Cube

SCIENCE:
Gas Laws
Properties of Gas, Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Avogadro’s Law, Graham’s Law

FOREIGN LANGUAGE:
Pashto
The Origins, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Dialects, Writing System, Useful Pashto Phrases

THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN CHINA

Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong was born in 1893. He founded the People’s Republic of China, and when he was younger, he was one of the original members of the Chinese Communist Party. Mao was elected chairman of the Soviet Republic of China in 1931 and became one of the most important Communist leaders of the time. Following the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Communists and a political party called the Kuomintang fought in a civil war, and by 1949, the Communists had taken most of mainland China. The People’s Republic of China was established, and Mao became chairman.

VICTORIAN LITERATURE

Style of Victorian Literature
The Victorian era is the transitional period between the romantic period and the twentieth century, during the reign of Queen Victoria in Britain (1837–1901). Literature produced during this time dealt with the issues of daily life. With the rise of industrialism, reform movements involving child labor, women’s rights, emancipation, and the concept of evolution heavily influenced the work, and the Victorian age is considered to be one of pessimism and doubt. Works had moral purposes, and featured ideals like love, justice, and truth.

GROUP THEORY

What Is Group Theory?
As you recall from earlier, groups are an abstract term that have to satisfy four basic rules: closure, associativity, identity, and inverses. Group theory is the study of the different systems that follow these laws. For example, in the problem
a
 × 
b
 = 
c
, group theory is not concerned with the numbers or the multiplication process, but the rule that fits that problem and understanding how those properties relate to other systems. Essentially, group theory is a study of symmetry, and has many real-world applications, especially in chemistry and physics.

GAS LAWS

Properties of Gas
Gases have three properties. Gases are easily compressed, they can easily expand, and they take up more space than any liquids or solids. Gases exert pressure, and because the molecules are spread over a wide area, gas has a low density. Many properties of gas are based on five postulates that make up the kinetic molecular theory. The kinetic theory states:

Gas is composed of molecules, and the size of these molecules is negligible compared to the distance between molecules.

Molecules move at random in straight lines, in any direction and at a wide variety of speeds.

Forces of repulsion and attraction between molecules is weak, except when colliding.

There is no kinetic energy lost when molecules collide, making the collisions elastic.

The absolute temperature of a molecule is proportional to its average kinetic energy.

PASHTO

The Origins
Pashto, an Eastern Iranian language, which also goes by the name
Afghan
in the Farsi language and
Pathan
in Punjabi, is part of the Indo-Iranian language family. Pashto originated as the native language of the Pashtun people, who live between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The first written records of Pashto date back to the sixteenth century, and by the seventeenth century, the national poet of Afghanistan, Khushhal Khan Khattak, wrote in Pashto. Parts of the language borrow from Greek, dating back to the third century b.c.

THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN CHINA