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Authors: Lewis Grassic Gibbon

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Chris stirred the fire, looking into it, hearing the Spring wind rising over Duncairn, unending Spring, unending Spring! …. Rain tomorrow, Ewan said from the window, rotten for the march, but they'd got those boots. Then he
came and sat down and looked at her, and asked her, teasing, of what she was dreaming. She said
Of Robert and this faith of
yours. The world's sought faiths for thousands of years and found
only death or unease in them. Yours is just another dark cloud to
me—or a great rock you're trying to push up a hill
.

He said it was the rock was pushing him; and sat dreaming again, who had called Robert dreamer: only for a moment, on the edge of tomorrow, all those tomorrows that awaited his feet by years and tracks Chris would never see, dropping the jargons and shields of his creed, thinking again as once when a boy, openly and honestly, kindly and wise:

There will always be you and I, I think. Mother. It's the old
fight that maybe will never have a finish, whatever the names we
give to it—the fight in the end between
freedom
and
GOD
.

   

The night was coming in fast Chris saw from her seat on the summit of the Barmekin. Far over, right of Bennachie's ridges, a gathering of gold cloud gleamed a moment then dulled to dun red. The last of the light would be going soon.

Alow her feet, under the hills, she could see the hiddle of Cairndhu, all settled for the night as she'd left it, the two kye milked and the chickens meated, her corn coming fine in the little park that ran up the hill, its green a jade blur in the soft summer light. Tomorrow she'd be out to tackle the turnips, they were coming up fairly choked with weed.

At first they'd been doubtful about letting her the place, doubtful of a woman body at all. But they'd long forgotten her father, John Guthrie, and the ill ta'en in which he had flitted from Echt twenty-three years before. To them she was just a widow-body, Ogilvie, wanting to take on the coarse little place that hadn't had a tenant this many a year. She'd moved in early in the April, setting the house to rights, working till she near bared her hands to the bone, scrubbing it out both but and ben, the room where she herself had been born, the kitchen where she'd sat and heard her mother, long syne, that night the twins were born…. And sometimes in the middle of that work in the house or tinkling a hoe out in
the parks she'd close her eyes a daft minute and think nothing indeed of it all had happened—Kinraddie, Segget, the years in Duncairn—that beside her Will her brother was bending to weed, her father coming striding peak-faced from the house, she might turn and see her mother's face…. And she'd open her eyes and see only the land, enduring, encompassing, the summer hills gurling in the summer heat, unceasing the wail of the peesies far off.

And the folk around helped, were kind in their way, careless of her, she would meet them and see them by this road and gate, they knew little of her, she less of them, she had found the last road she wanted and taken it, concerning none and concerned with none….

Crowned with mists, Bennachie was walking into the night: and Chris moved and sat with her knees hand-clasped, looking far on that world across the plain and the day that did not die there but went east, on and on, over all the world till the morning came, the unending morning somewhere on the world. No twilight land anywhere for shade, sun or night the portion of all, her little shelter in Cairndhu a dream of no-life that could not endure. And that was the best deliverance of all, as she saw it now, sitting here quiet—that that Change who ruled the earth and the sky and the waters underneath the earth, Change whose face she'd once feared to see, whose right hand was Death and whose left hand Life, might be stayed by none of the dreams of men, love, hate, compassion, anger or pity, gods or devils or wild crying to the sky. He passed and repassed in the ways of the wind, Deliverer, Destroyer and Friend in one.

Over in the Hill of Fare, new-timbered, a little belt of rain was falling, a thin screen that blinded the going of the light; behind, as she turned, she saw Skene Loch glimmer and glow a burnished minute; then the rain caught it and swept it from sight and a little wind soughed up the Barmekin. And now behind wind and rain came the darkness.

Lights had sprung up far in the hills, in little touns for a sunset minute while the folk tirred and went off to their beds, miles away, thin peeks in the summer dark.

Time she went home herself.

But she still sat on as one by one the lights went out and the rain came, beating the stones about her, and falling all that night while she still sat there, presently feeling no longer the touch of the rain or hearing the sound of the lapwings going by.

   

THE END OF
a scots quair

.    .    .    .
  .    .    .
     .    .
        .

The following fragment is all that survives of the rejected Prelude to the novel. It is in nls ms 26040(3–7), and is printed by kind permission of Mrs Rhea Martin, Gibbon's daughter, and the National Library of Scotland. It consists of five quarto pages of Gibbon's own first-draft typing. Typographical errors have been corrected and spelling brought into line with that of the first edition.

   

The City of Dundon stands midway the coast where they cease their speaking of beets and speens and take to a gabble of buits and spunes. To the north (but only if you're country and ignorant) they still bake cakes and the folk are meated often enough on a dish of sowans; to the south the old wives still cougg above a girdle set with fine baps of bannocks, thick with fat and dripping with grease. Along that coast in the trawler fleets you come to the city of Aberdeen, genteel with its fine university and proud with a clatter of awful trams, and as full of fine tales as an egg of meat; but if you sail south you come to Dundee, nestling and pressing like an unwashed bairn under the flow of the Sidlaws, dark, you may not see Dundee for a while for the smoke, but you'll smell it long ere your eyes light on it; and what there is there, and what it is like none know unless they're native to the place, or sent to the jail on an awful crime. 

When that Greek man Pytheas sailed these coasts long syne, he halted his boat one season by a little place, a wide bay that stretched with a cream and a froth of grey waters, ebbing and swaying into red mists, late autumn, the waters flung long hands upon the beaches, tearing at his craft. But there he cast anchor, and landed his men, strangers came down to
trade with them, dark, hairy men of that Pictish coast, bringing corn and the skins of beasts, and Pytheas and his men planted there corn and built them huts against the sweep and the ding of that ill coast's rains, pelting and salt-ridden, and watched the winter fade. Spring came with a whirling of sudden rains, and they took to the creaming seas again, and sailed north, out of the life of that land but that the Picts drifted here and built them a city of the long earth-houses, the dark broad men with their Kelt overlords, proud, with long, bronze daggers and curled hair, the men of the chariots and the red blood-sacrifice, kittle folk of a bloody mind and ill heart.

So here, where the Forthie meandered and spun with a seep of red clay down to the landfall of that lost childe Pytheas the little town crawled up into the years and the lights of history, dim and red-tainted, sometimes the outbye men came down to prowl the houses beyond the broch, till the city had a wall built round about, fit to repel the coarse landward men. Behind, on the hills, they built tall forts; and they lived and they died, worshipping their gods; and if it might be that a Dundon chief desired the wife of a Dundon pleb he stole her with unctuous voice and mien, being holy, a Dundon man even then would rape your pouches and cut your throat and tell you a funny joke while he did it, skilly and agreeable, and generally holy.

Well, this was fine, till the Norsemen came, with faces made of sour buttermilk, childes from the stinking straths and byres, squat and strong, black rotten their teeth, they never washed unless they were forced, and they'd better swords than the Dundon folk, so they couldn't force them, apart from the fact that they thought themselves water better used for sailing a boat on than bathing themselves in. So they fought together at that first raid, some of the Northmen got into a hall and found Red Kenneth, the Sheriff of that time, sitting at play at a game of board with his lady, the Red Ane; and the fine Norse childes bulged out their eyes, sore surprised to see a woman unlike their own, not fine and squash, with a face like a mat; and they stripped her, and she
took long to die under the eyes of Red Kenneth, kept raving. But afore they could finish with him as well the Dundon folk were chasing them back to their ships, and they ran with their sour whey faces blood dripping, and scrambled away through the pound and roll of the Forthie, and that was the end of them for the time. But Red Kenneth was a mad [man] from that day, and his tortures the Dundon folk might not endure after the passing of a while, a little squire cut his throat one night and ran and hid in the Dundon wynds that led down to the burned shipwright's halls.

So Dundon was saved from the sour Norse childes, and rebuilt its kirk, and a Saint came there, a childe that cornered the droves of hogs that were pastured, black and grey they would grumph about, on the hills above Dundon itself. And he pressed the townsfolk sore for the prize of their meat, there were starving men about the wynds, some coarse creatures said that his throat should be cut. But instead he died and was made a saint. Good St Machar they christened the corp that had swollen fat on the profit of pigs, and they built a cathedral on his head and filled it full of those Catholic priests, awful creatures with brave gowns on that said when you took a sip at communion you really were eating Jesus Christ, they were awful ignorant folk in those times.

Well, the next thing that happened to Dundon toun was when Wallace came marching up from the south killing the English right and left, he fairly had the right way with vermin, him, and he came and chapped on the Dundon gates, and Dundon looked out and shook at the knees. For they had made pact with the English to kepp the port and give meal and milk in return for remission of all their taxes. So they parleyed till the Scots army lost its patience and battered in the walls, and went in and afore they had finished with that night's work there was surety of a plenty of a population of patriot Scots for the future, no doubt, though the sour folk that were to call themselves fathers were mostly at the time hiding up their lums. Those were fairly the times, there's little doubt, when Scotland had its glory bright and untarnished, folk went half-starved, when they weren't that
they were being broken on the wheel or hanged at the tail of a cart of manure for stealing a penny's worth of meal, or led out and butchered on the dreich Μearns hills, in rain and the di[r]ty on-ding of sleet, white pelting, for the sake of Scotland and god and the wealth to fill up the gentry's pouches.

But trade was coming into the burgh from far and near across the North Sea, from Bergen, brought by the Northmen loons that had taen to carrying packs, not swords, as handless near with the one as the other, they couldn't cope with the Dundon folk, holy and solemn with great crude hands, they would dig in a pack, fell eident like, and get the packman to coup out his wares, and look at them all and walk round about and stare at the sky and scratch their heads and call the wife to bring them a drink (the Northman licking his dried up lips, the tink, as though he needed a drink); and syne's they'd say How much for the pock? and the Northman would say a half-angel, maybe; and at that the Dundon childe would give a groan and argue it out the lave of the day till the birds were heard singing bonnily outbye on the heaps of sharn at each door; and the Northman childe would be dead for sleep and sell the thing for a shilling, Scots, and take to his heels and across the sea and swear that what ever else he might do, try out a sail to Greenland or Iceland, or kill a bear with his naked nieves, he'd be hanged with a tarry length of tow afore he went trading down to Dundon.

They'd tell those coarse stories about their own selves, the Dundon folk, caller, clear-eyed, grey folk with a twinkle deep in Pict eyes, and think no shame. They went on with building their ship yards at last, fine boats, long sailors to the waters of the Baltic, where the beat of the sea on long, long swaps [?swaths] dreich under German suns, fine boats, folk bought them from far and near. And …

There are no entries for places on the map on p.vi but most are treated in notes to the Canongate Classics editions of
Sunset Song
and
Cloud Howe
.

p.1
Windmill Place
. ‘Duncairn is no imaginary city; Duncairn is plainly and visibly the Aberdeen that Grassic Gibbon knew as a reporter in his early working days, the Windmill Steps the very ones he lived at the top of in digs no doubt very like Ma Cleghorn's, the mile-long Union Street nearby the Royal Mile of Duncairn, Footdee and Footforthie conveniently in the right place, the Commercial Bank and the statue at the end of Union Terrace and Wool- worth's and all the familiar landmarks which make Duncairn instantly recognizable as Aberdeen. Granite is quarried in the outskirts: Hazelhead and Rubislaw are not mentioned as such, but they could not be more clearly hinted at' (Ian Campbell, ‘Lewis Grassic Gibbon and the Mearns', in
A Sense of Place
, ed Graeme Cruickshank, 1988, p.18).

p.2
Mounth
. The great se spur of the Grampian mountain system.

p.6
the
Broo
. From ‘Bureau'—unemployment exchange.

p.7
MacDonald
. J. Ramsay MacDonald (1866–1937), the prime minister. See note in
Cloud Howe
, p.219, Canongate Classics edn.

p.9
War-horse out of Isaiah
. Perhaps Robert had used a large Bible with coloured illustrations.

p.14
Howe of the World
. The Howe of the Mearns. See the map on p.vi.

p.18
Dunedin
. The Celtic form of Edinburgh.
Tory Pictman
. Cf the
Scotsman
, ‘Scotland's National Newspaper'—now far from Tory in the narrow party sense.

p.30
Shaw
. George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950), the dramatist, essayist and pamphleteer.

Wells
. Herbert George Wells (1866–1946), novelist, Utopian polemicist and popularizer of science. Both Shaw and Wells had enormous influence on Gibbon in his early years.

p.31
MacGillivray.
J. Pittendrigh MacGillivray (1856–1938), poet and sculptor (he made the statues of John Knox in St Giles' and Byron in Aberdeen Grammar School). He experimented in mild pastiches of Middle Scots.
Marion Angus
(1866–1946) has been judged by Roderick Watson to be ‘within her chosen range, technically the most accomplished [poet in Scots] of her generation'.
Lewis Spence
(1874–1955), anthropologist, poet, and general writer. Miss Murgatroyd may have been referring to
The Mysteries of Britain; or, the Secret Rites and traditions of
Ancient Britain restored
(1928). 
Hugo MacDownall
. A joke at the expense of Christopher Murray Grieve (‘Hugh MacDiarmid', 1892–1978), to whom the novel is dedicated and with whom Gibbon collaborated in this very year in writing
The Scottish Scene
. See also the note in
Cloud Howe
, p.219, Canongate Classics edn. Synthetic Scots was to be a deliberate creation, using words and syntax from the past and from all dialects of the Scots language.

p.32
Edgar Wallace
. Wallace (1875–1932), an English writer best known for his crime novels.

p.38
The Slug
. The Slug Road runs from Stonehaven to near Banchory on Deeside, and climbs to a height of 757 ft.
Dunecht
. An Aberdeenshire village some twelve miles w of Aberdeen.
Montrose
. James Graham, Marquis of Montrose (1612–50), Scottish general, supported Charles 1 after 1644 and took and pillaged both Aberdeen (1644) and Dundee (1645).

p.39
Blawearie
. The Guthrie farm-croft in Kinraddie, whose lease was continued by Chris after her father's death and on which she lived after her first marriage to Ewan senior.
Stonehyve
. The traditional pronunciation of Stonehaven.

p.40
Echt
. A village in se Aberdeenshire, twelve miles w of Aberdeen and two miles s of Dunecht.
The Hill of Fare
. A broad-based hill on the border of Aberdeen and Kincardine shires,1545 ft at the summit and some five miles nnw of Banchory.
The Barmekin
. A conical hill (800 ft) near Echt.

p.41
Cairndhu
. The farm-croft near Echt tenanted by John Guthrie before the family moved to Blawearie. See
Sunset
Song
, pp.27–39, Canongate Classics edn.

p.42
Excelsior
. The title of a poem by Longfellow which most children once learned by heart. It has an onward-and- upward theme, with lines such as: A youth, who bore, 'mid snow and ice/A banner with a strange device,/Excelsior!
and
Beware the pine-tree's withered branch!/Beware the awful avalanche!/

p.44
Bennachie
. A rather sprawling hill with six summits (highest, 1698 ft) near Alford and Inverurie in Aberdeenshire. The song mentions a stream in the area: O! gin I were where Gadie rins/Where Gadie rins, where Gadie rins./O! gin I were where Gadie rins,/At the back o' Bennachie!

p.46
gotten out his rag
. Made him lose his temper.

p.51
Douglas Scheme
. The theory of social credit, which proposed that the government should distribute national dividends in order to spread purchasing power and thus increase consumption. Its leading proponent was Major Clifford Hugh Douglas (1879–1952). An attempt was made to put the scheme into operation in Alberta, and Douglas was made ‘Chief of Reconstruction' to the state government there in 1935.

p. 53 pac Public Assistance Committees, which eked out unemployment and other benefits.

p.54
plates of meat
. Rhyming slang for ‘feet'.
Up wi' the gentry, that's for me
. A parody of the Burns song ‘Up in the morning's no for me/Up in the morning early'.

p.55
Arise, ye outcasts
. The beginning of one translation of
The
Internationale
.

p.67
Trusta
. A hill (1052 ft) in Fetteresso Forest, some six miles w of Stonehaven.

p.68
rattle in the lantern
. Blow in the face.

p.72
Spartacus
(d.71 bc). The leader of the slave revolt in Italy which began in 73 bc. He routed several Roman armies but was finally defeated and killed by Crassus. He is the hero of Gibbon's novel of that name.

p.73
Parker
. Richard Parker, English seaman, led thirteen ships of the line and a number of frigates in a mutiny at the Nore from 10 May to 13 June 1797. He was hanged on 30 June.

p.91
his Nannie was awa
'. Another Burns song—‘My Nanie's awa'.

p.108
presents on New Year's Day
. New Year was still the family festival in Scotland in the 1930s.

p.151
Hill of Βarras
. About three miles inland from the coastal village of Catterline.

The Pitforthies
. Three upland farms (Hillhead of Pitforthie, Nether Pitforthie, and Upper Pitforthie), some three miles nne of Arbuthnott.
Meikle Fiddes
. A farm by the main Aberdeen road about one mile e of Drumlithie.

p.152
Drumlithie … steeple
. In
Sunset Song
Drumlithie church is said to have no steeple (p.76, Canongate Classics edn). But see the note on p.216 of
Cloud Howe
, Canongate Classics edn.

p.154
Glen Dye
. A rocky glen in Strachan parish, Kincardineshire.
Drumtochty
. A hill and (nineteenth-century) castle about two miles w of Auchinblae in Kincardineshire.
Finella
. See
Cloud Ηowe
, note on p.213, Canongate Classics edn.
Garrold Wood
. Just s of Strathfinella and the Glen of Drumtochty.
Luther water
. ‘A troutful rivulet of Kincardineshire' (
Ord
nance Gazetteer of Scotland
).
Dunnottar Castle
. See
Sunset Song
, pp.125–6, Canongate Classics edn.

p.155
Drumelzie woods
. About one mile w of Auchinblae.

p.161
walls … cleared space
. Chris is climbing the Barmekin, which is ‘crowned by remains of a prehistoric fortress, about six acres in extent, with concentric ramparts' (
Ordn
ance Gazetteer of Scotland
).

p.163
Εwan, Long Rob, Robert
. The men in her life, for whom see
Sunset Song
and
Cloud Howe
. 
Not Ake alone
… ‘She was' is understood—i.e., she was beyond not Ake alone, but beyond them all.

p.182
Connolly
. James Connolly (1870–1916), Irish Labour Leader, organized socialist ‘armies' and took part in the Easter rebellion of 1916. He was executed on 12 May.

p.193
Cairn o
'
Mount
. In the words of the
Ordnance Gazetteer
, ‘a mountain on the mutual border of Strachan and Fordoun parishes, Kincardineshire … it culminates about seven miles ese of Mount Battock' (see Gibbon's map). There is a road from Forfarshire to Deeside over its eastern shoulder.

p.196
Invergordon
. The Atlantic Fleet mutinied over a reduction in pay scales and resentment over harsh discipline from 16 to 21 September 1931. As a result, the Navy's cuts were
reduced from an extreme upper limit of twenty-five per cent to ten per cent.

p.201
that day that Robert had died
. See
Cloud Howe
, p.210, Canongate Classics edn.

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