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A People's History of the United States (110 page)
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Howard Zinn
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A People's History of the United States
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Houston, Sam, 136
Howard, Michael, 598
Hudson, Hosea, 398â99, 447
Huggins, Nathan, 445
Hughes, Langston, 404â05, 443, 445, 467
Hull, Cordell, 409
Humphrey, Hubert 431, 456, 487
Humphrey, R. M., 290
Hungary, 592
Hunt, E. Howard, 543
Hunt, Harriot, 118
Huntington, Samuel, 558â60, 566
Hussein, Saddam, 594, 599, 622â23, 653, 666â67
Hutchinson, Anne, 108â09
Hutchinson, Thomas, 52â53, 57, 61
Huxley, Aldous, 460
Ickes, Harold 413
Illich, Ivan, 539
immigration, 49, 125, 216, 221, 225, 227â28, 230, 238, 244, 253, 254, 265â67, 306, 324, 647â49
quotas set, 382
see also
individual ethnic groups
imperialism, 314â15, 569
indentured servants 42â47, 23, 25, 32, 37, 42â47
Indians, Central and South American, 3â7
passim
, 11â12, 18, 53
see also
Arawak Indians
Indians, North American: anti-Columbus Protests, 625â28
Alcatraz, occupation of, 528â29
Bacon's Rebellion, 37, 39, 45, 54, 55, 59
civilization and culture, 17â22, 135â36, 137, 531â32
Colonial era, 12â17
passim
, 24, 25, 29, 39, 41, 53â54, 57, 58, 59, 72, 86â87, 87â88
death from disease introduced by whites, 16, 87
Declaration of Independence and Constitution, 65, 72, 86, 96
French and Indian War, 53, 59, 60, 61, 77, 87
Indian Removal and warfare, 126â27, 295, 524, 529â30
protests by (20th century), 523â37
on reservations, 17, 524
Revolutionary War, 77, 80, 87, 125, 126
suffrage denied, 65, 96
treaties with, 128â34
passim
, 136, 138, 141â42, 144â45, 146, 526, 529
see also
individual tribes
Indochina, 412, 429, 430, 469â72
see also
Vietnam/Vietnam war
Indonesia, 429, 567, 595, 655â56
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 330â38, 341, 344, 347, 350, 354, 359, 369, 370, 372â73, 377â79, 382
International Monetary Fund, 414, 440, 658, 674
International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), 543, 548, 554
Iran, 438, 567, 586, 595, 599, 604
Iran/contra affair, 586â87
Iraq, 594â600, 647, 652, 653â54, 681, 685
Irish immigrants, 46, 49, 100, 159, 160, 177, 225, 226â27, 230, 235, 243, 254, 255, 265, 382
Iriye, Akira, 410
Iroquois, League of the, 19â20, 21, 86, 130
see also
Mohawk Indians
Isaac, Rhys, 68
Israel, 586, 595, 596, 681
Italian immigrants, 226, 244, 265, 266, 349, 382
Italy, 438
Ethiopia invaded by, 409, 410, 421
Spanish Civil War, 409, 421
World War II, 411, 412, 423â24
Jackson, Andrew, 126â27, 187, 216, 217
Indian policy, 10, 127â30, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 216
Jackson, George, 519â20
Jackson, Maynard, 466
Jackson, Aunt Molly, 393
James, Henry, 323, 360
James, William, 300, 314
Jamestown, 12, 23, 24, 26, 30, 40, 104
Japan, 297, 471, 558
China, war with, 406, 410, 427
and Indochina, 469, 470
“opening of,” 299, 408, 410, 411
World War II, 9, 17, 410â11, 413, 421â24, 469, 470
Japanese-Americans, internment of, 416
Jay, John, 96
Jefferson, Thomas, 83, 89, 95, 97, 110, 117, 126, 128
Declaration of Independence, 71, 72
Jennings, Francis, 14â15, 16, 86, 87, 88
Jewish immigrants, 265, 268, 340, 349, 382
Jews: Germany and World War II, 409, 415
Palestine, 414
Spain, 2
John Paul 11, Pope, 576
Johnson, Andrew, 197, 199
Johnson, Lyndon, 431, 509, 526, 601
blacks and civil rights, 456, 456, 459, 463, 464
Vietnam, 411, 475, 476, 481, 483â84, 500â01, 685
Johnson, U. Alexis, 475
Jones, James, 418
Jones, Mother Mary, 330, 338, 346, 354
Jordan, June, 600, 638
Josephson, Matthew, 259, 260
Julien, Claude, 545
Kahn, Herman, 441
Kaufman, Irving, 434
Kay, Marvin L. Michael, 63, 64â65
Keller, Helen, 341, 345â46, 503
Kemble, Fanny, 176â77
Kennan, George, 583, 592
Kennedy, Edward, 594
Kennedy, John F., 431â32, 437, 438, 441, 442, 526, 560
blacks and civil rights, 453, 456, 457, 458
Southeast Asia and Vietnam, 473, 474, 475â76
Kennedy, Robert, 454, 456
Kenya, 659, 678, 682
Kerry, John, 594
Khadafi, Muarnmar, 591
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 451â52, 461, 462, 485, 644
“King Philips War,” 16, 40
Kissinger, Henry, 9, 441, 484, 491, 498, 544, 548, 551, 552, 553â54, 556, 569
Kistiakowsky, George, 604
Kitt, Eartha, 487
Kleindienst, Richard, 544, 547, 548
Knights of Labor, 251, 267â68, 269, 273, 274, 279, 285, 289, 307
Knox, Henry, 81, 95, 126
Kolchin, Peter, 199
Kolko, Gabriel, 350, 413
Koning, Hans, 17â18
Korea/Korean war, 428, 429, 647, 652, 685
Kornbluh, Joyce, 332
Kovic, Ron, 496â97, 619, 621
Kozol, Jonathan, 539
Kristol, Irving, 435
Kropotkin, Peter, 271
Krushchev, Nikita, 592
Ku Klux Klan, 203, 382, 432, 452, 636
Kurds, 656
Kuwait, 594â96, 598, 622, 627, 653
labor: blacks, 199, 203, 208, 209, 241, 274, 328, 337â38, 381, 404â05, 415, 466, 467
children, 43, 44, 49, 221, 230â31, 266, 267, 324, 335, 346â47, 403
Colonial era, 23, 25, 27â28, 29, 30, 32, 37, 42â47, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 62, 80, 104â05
Constitution, support for, 99
convicts, 209, 275, 292
Depression and unemployment, 386â95
passim
factories and mills, 10, 111, 115, 116â17, 216, 221, 228â31, 239, 241, 243â44, 253, 300, 324â27, 334â39
passim
, 346, 349, 381, 386, 387, 397
Fair Employment Practices Commission, 415
health and safety in working conditions, 230, 239, 241, 242, 246, 254, 255, 256, 278, 325, 326, 327, 338â39, 346
insurance and compensation, 349, 352â53
ILGWU, 326
immigrants, 49, 125, 216, 221, 225, 227â28, 230, 238, 244, 253, 254, 265â67, 307, 324
see also
individual ethnic groups
Independent Labor party, 272
Indians, 25, 29, 53
Knights of Labor, 251, 267â68, 269, 273, 274, 279, 285, 289, 306
minimum-wage (1938), 403
National Labor Relations Board, 401, 402, 574
1980s and 1990s, 617
organization (unions, strikes): 19th century, 218â19, 221, 222, 223, 225â51
passim
, 260, 265, 267â83, 293, 310; 20th century, 324, 326, 330, 334â39
passim
, 346â47, 354, 377â82, 386, 392, 397, 399â402
passim
, 406, 407, 415, 416, 417â18, 575, 578, 668â74
socialism and, 244â45, 249, 268â73, 278, 281, 282, 307â08, 336, 339â40, 382, 385, 406, 547
Spanish American war and, 317
Wagner Act, 395, 401
women, 10, 32, 43, 44, 103, 104â05, 110, 111, 114â15, 123, 228â31, 234â35, 240â41, 253, 257, 267â68, 324â27
passim
, 336, 338â39, 347, 405â06, 504, 506â11
passim
Workingmen's party, 244â45, 248â49
see also
American Federation of Labor; Congress of Industrial Organizations; farming; Industrial Workers of the World; slavery
Lafeber, Walter, 301, 304
La Follette, Robert, 353
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 384, 385, 388, 684
LaMonte, Robert, 354
Land, Aubrey, 57
land: Bacon's Rebellion, 37, 39â42, 45, 54, 55, 59
blacks and post-Civil War problems, 197â98, 199
“eminent domain” favoring business, 239
Homestead Acts, 206, 238, 282
Indians, 13, 20, 86â88, 128
Indian Removal and treaties, 126â28, 295, 526, 529
private property, Colonial era, 13, 17, 47, 48, 49, 54, 84, 85; in Europe, 16, 27, 74; law's regard for, 260â62; as
qualification for voting, 49, 65, 83, 96, 214â16, 291; after Revolutionary War, 84, 85, 86â87, 99, 126; tenants and rebellions, 47, 62â65, 84, 85â86, 91â95, 98, 211, 212â14
Proclamation of 1763, 59, 71, 87
railroads acquisition of, 220, 238, 239, 283
territorial expansion, 9, 87â88, 111, 124, 685: Florida, 129; Louisiana Purchase, 126, 149; Mexico/Mexican war, 10, 149â69
passim
, 181, 297, 408, 411, 492; overseas, 297â300;
see also
Spanish-American war
see also
farming
Laos, 472, 473, 481â83, 484, 556
las Casas, Bartolomé de, 5â7
Latin America, 53, 299, 408
Alliance for Progress, 438
Good Neighbor Policy, 439
Monroe Doctrine, 297, 408
Organization of American States, 440
slavery, 25, 32, 173
see also
Indians, Central and South American
Latinos, 615â16
Lattimore, Owen, 432, 436
Lease, Mary Ellen, 288
Lebanon, 439, 586, 595
Lee, Richard, 42
Lee, Richard Henry, 81
Lee, Robert E., 185, 192, 195
Lehman, John, 597
Lehrmann, Leonard, 628
Leisler, Benjamin, 48
Lekachman, Robert, 571
Lemon, James T., 50
Lenin, V. I., 363
Leontief, Wassily, 577
lesbianism, 511
LeSeuer, Meridel, 406
Lester, Julius, 459â60
Levine, Lawrence, 179
Levy, Howard, 493
Levy, Leonard, 100
Lewinsky, Monica, 659
Lewis, John, 457
Lewis, John L., 399, 401
Lewis, Mollie, 405
Lewis, Sinclair, 383â84
Liddy, G. Gordon, 543
Lincoln, Abraham, 130, 153â54, 238, 631
slavery and Civil War, 171, 187â92
passim
, 194, 197, 233, 410
Lincoln, Benjamin, 94, 95
Lingg, Louis, 271
Link, Arthur, 364
Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 293, 294â95
Locke, John, 47, 73â74
Lockridge, Kenneth, 50
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 158â59, 299, 300, 301, 305, 351
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 11, 366, 444, 474â75, 499
Logan, Rayford, 347
Loguen, J. W., 181â82
London, Jack, 322, 365
Louisiana Purchase, 126, 149, 685
Lowell, James Russell, 155
Lowell, Robert, 487
Lowell (Mass.): textile mills, 10, 115, 116â17, 228â29, 230, 263, 397, 418
Ludlow Massacre, 355â57
Lusitania,
362
Luther, Seth, 214, 224
Lynd, Alice, 406
Lynd, Helen, 383, 503
Lynd, Robert, 383, 503
Lynd, Staughton, 85, 99, 406, 486
MacArthur, Arthur, 316â17
MacArthur, Douglas, 391
McAlister, Elizabeth, 601
McCarthy, Joseph, 428, 431
McCone, John, 548
McCord, James, Jr., 542, 543
Macdonald, Dwight, 420
McFarlane, Robert, 587
McGovern, George, 545, 553
McKay, Claude, 444
McKinley, William, 295, 299, 303, 304, 305â06, 312â13, 314, 320
McKinnon, Cynthia, 621
McKissick, Floyd, 464
MacLeish, Archibald, 414
McLoughlin, William G., 83â84
MacMichael, David, 618
McNamara, Robert, 475â76, 484, 550
McNaughton, John, 481, 499
McPherson, James, 194
Macune, Charles, 287
McVeigh, Timothy, 646, 649
Madison, Dolly, 110
Madison, James, 33, 91, 96, 97â98, 132, 632
Mahan, A. T., 298, 300
Maier, Pauline, 67â68
Mailer, Norman, 418â19
Main, Jackson, 80, 98
Malcolm X, 457â58, 461
Manning, Robert, 560â61
Marcos, Ferdinand, 572
Markham, Edwin, 324
Marshall, George, 422, 438
Marshall, Thurgood, 574, 548â49
Marshall Plan, 438
Martin, Luther, 91
Martineau, Harriet, 113
Martinez, Elizabeth, 616
Marx, Karl, 12, 242, 243, 250, 258, 293
Maryland, Colonial era, 34, 35, 44, 46, 47, 50, 57, 68, 82, 83
Mason, John, 14â15
Massachusetts: Colonial era 13â17
passim
, 21, 47â54
passim
, 65â67, 69â70, 71, 72, 78, 83, 91â95
labor (19th century), 222â23, 228â33, 234, 236, 241, 243â44
reform movements, 115, 119, 120â21
see also
Boston
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 13, 15â16, 47â48, 108â09
Mather, Cotton, 15
Matthews, Mary Musgrove, 109
Mattick, Paul, 395
Mayaguez incident, 551â54, 588
meatpacking industry, 253, 254, 308â09, 322, 330, 349
media censorship, 671â72
Mellon, Andrew, 384
Mellon, James, 255
Mencken, H. L., 647
Mexican immigrants, 648
Mexican war, 10, 152â69, 181, 408, 411, 492
Mexico, 11â12, 150, 357, 658, 685
Meyers, Marvin, 130
Middle East: oil interests, 413â14, 426, 439, 439, 549, 595
military forces: blacks, 10, 77, 82, 88, 191, 192, 193, 195â96, 203, 317, 318â20; segregation, 404, 415, 419, 449
G. W. Bush administration and, 678â82
Clinton administration and, 644, 651â57, 660â61, 663â67
Depression and Bonus Army, 391, 462
draft evasion: Civil War, 192; Revolutionary War, 75, 79; World War I and World War II, 418
draft registration, 605â06
foreign bases, 312; Cuba, 311, 312;
see also
Panama/Panama Canal
and Indians, 125, 127â32
passim
, 134, 135, 141â48
passim
Indians and Revolutionary War, 77, 87, 125, 126
intervention overseas and expansion, 298, 300
naval impressment in Colonial era, 51, 52, 66, 67, 79
Reagan buildup, 577, 594â85
rearmament since World War II, 426, 428, 436, 437, 441, 644, 654, 664
share of national budget, 569â60
strikebreaking in early days, 235, 246â51
passim
, 269, 274, 276, 278
see also
individual wars and conflicts
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A People's History Of The United States
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