A Nation Rising (27 page)

books by, 218, 235

California independence and governorship, 244–46

California ranch and wealth, 251

as California senator, 252

court martial, 245–47

death of, 253

exploration of the West, 218, 227, 229, 239–40

family and early years, 240–41

firing by Lincoln, 252–53

Kit Carson and, 239, 241, 244–45, 246

marries Jessie Benton, 238–39

Mexico signs treaty with, 218

as presidential candidate, xxi, 212–13, 221, 239, 252

Frémont, Lily, 226, 227, 228, 230, 239, 247

Fur trade, 81

 

Gadsden, James, 169

Gaines, Edmund P., 13, 101

Gaines, George S., 13

Galloway, Rebecca, 83

Gardner, George, 151

Garnet, Henry Highland, 113

Garrison, William Lloyd, 111, 140, 195, 249

Gaustad, Edwin, 200

Gazette of the United States
, 38

Gedney, Thomas, 125–26

George III, King of England, 199

Giddings, Joshua, 140

Gifford, Zephaniah, 115, 119

Gold rush of 1849, 219, 221, 224, 248–49

Gone with the Wind
(Mitchell), 141

Gordon, John Steele, 12, 248–49

Grant, Ulysses S., 241, 250

Gray, Thomas, 165–66, 166n

Great Britain

abolishes slavery, 111, 120, 145

abolishes slave trading, 109

American Revolution and, 79

in the Caribbean, 130

Federalist Party and, 36

freeing of
Creole
mutineers, 139

fur trade, 81

Indian allies, 65, 71, 81, 85, 162

Napoleonic Wars, 65

Oregon and, 177

Peace of Paris, 199

Toussaint and Haiti, 129–31

Treaty of Ghent, 66, 100

War of 1812, 66, 71, 88, 89

West Indies campaign, 131

Greeley, Horace, 208, 210, 249

Greenspan, Alan, 249

 

Haiti, 109, 128–31, 129n, 135, 136, 163

Halleck, Chief of the Seminoles, 175

Hamilton, Alexander, 10–11, 36, 86

bad press and, 37–38, 86

banking system and, 10–11, 40

dislike of Burr, 5, 38, 42

duel and death, xviii, 4, 43–45

as Federalist, 16, 36, 42

Philip Schuyler and

Hamilton, Philip, 44

Hancock, Winfield Scott, 250

Harrison, Benjamin (president), 84n

Harrison, Benjamin (Signer), 84

Harrison, William Henry, 84, 84n, 112, 172

Harvard University, 23

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, xvi

Hemmings, Sally, 86–87

Herman, Arthur, 24

Herr, Pamela, 230

Hewell, John, 117–18

History of the United States
(Adams), 59

Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, 169

Hochschild, Adam, 130, 131

Hoover, Herbert, 214

Houston, Sam, 97

 

Howe, Daniel Walker, 196

Illinois, 109

Immigration, xxii–xxiii, 182

Alien Act of 1798, 200

anti-immigration sentiment, xxii–xxiii, 196, 198–200, 213–14

anti-Irish/anti-Catholic violence, 185–94, 210

federal citizenship law of 1790, 199–200

German, 198, 200

immigrants in the military, 211

Irish influx, 182, 200, 209–10

“melting pot” myth, xxiii

Nativists and, 185–94, 205, 210, 213

Protestant Scots-Irish, 9–10

U.S. population growth and, xvi

Indiana, 109

Indian Removal Act of 1830, 145, 155, 157, 159

Intelligencer
, 245

Iowa, 182

Ireland

immigration, 182, 200, 209–10

potato blight, 182, 209

Irving, Washington, xvi, 53–54, 54n

Isenberg, Nancy, ix, 5, 32, 34, 44–45

 

Jackson, Andrew, xiii, 210

Aaron Burr and, xx, 50–51, 52, 104–5

adoption of Indian boy, 94

Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 66, 96–99

Battle of New Orleans, 77, 99–100

complexity of character, 94, 95

death of, 176, 182

dueling and, 13, 65, 92–93

family and early years, 77–80

Florida and, 100–103, 110, 142, 156, 162

Fort Mims massacre and, xxi

gunshot in street fight, 91–92, 236

hatred of British, Spanish, and

Indians, 80, 89

home, the Hermitage, 91, 182

Indian fighting, 66, 67, 77–78, 91, 93–99, 102, 152, 169

Indian policies, xx, 99, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161–63, 173, 175–76

James K. Polk and, 242

letter to Seminoles, 162–63

loses presidential election, 110

marriage controversy, 92

Martin Van Buren and, 61

as Old Hickory, 93, 96, 99

political ditties about, 103

political platform (1828), 156

popular support for, 173

as president, 77, 111, 156, 172

as “Sharp Knife,” 95, 161, 162

slavery policies, 95, 166

in Tennessee, 50–51, 91

Texas independence, 111, 217

Texas purchase tried, 217

Thomas Hart Benton and, 91–92, 236

twenty-dollar bill and, xx, 104

Jackson, Rachel, 51, 92

Jacob, Richard Taylor, 228

Jamaica, 173

Jay, John, 199

Jefferson, Thomas, ix, xiv, 3, 4, 10, 134

Aaron Burr and, 7, 13, 36, 46–47, 50, 51, 52, 55

Andrew Jackson and, 91

death of, 58, 111

Declaration of Independence, 30, 232

election, xvii, 3–4, 86, 87

election tie, 16–17, 40–41, 42–43

Embargo Acts, 65, 88, 89

Hamilton and, 12

Indian policies, 157

James Monroe and, 136

Louisiana Purchase, 47, 69, 86, 133

Non-Intercourse Act, 89

press and, 87

relationship with slave, 86–87

as slaveholder, 141

Jehovah's Witnesses, 201

Jesup, Thomas, 147, 171–72

John Paul II, Pope, 233n

Jumel, Eliza Bowen, 58–59

Jumel, Samuel, 59

Junaluska, Cherokee Chief, 99

 

Kearny, Stephen Watts, 218, 245–47

Kennedy, John F., xiii, xxiii, 214

Kennedy, Robert F., xxvi

Kenrick, Bishop Francis Patrick, 186, 190, 193

Kentucky, 93

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 214

King, Martin Luther, Sr., 214

Knetsch, Joe, 153

Know-Nothings, 183, 210–13, 252

Knox, Henry, 3, 80, 157

Ku Klux Klan, 214

 

Leclerc, Charles-Victor-Emanuel, 131–32

Lee, Light Horse Harry, 24

Lee, Robert E., 141, 173, 250

Lepore, Jill, 128

Levy, JoAnn, 248

Liberator, The
, 140

Liberia, 110, 120

Liberty Party, 182, 242

Lincoln, Abraham, xiii, xvii, 158n, 250

John Charles Frémont and, 252–53

on Know-Nothings, 183

opposition to Mexican War, 243

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, xvi

Longstreet, James, 250

Los Angeles, California, 245, 253

Louisiana, 66, 109

Louisiana Purchase, xv, 4, 10, 47, 49, 69, 88, 133

Lovejoy, Elijah, 181

Lucas, Charles, 236–37

 

Madison, Dolley, 36–37

Madison, James, 12, 25, 36–37, 38, 40, 65, 66, 89

Mahon, John K., 152, 174

Maine, 110

Malone, Thomas, 14

Manifest Destiny, xvii, xxi, 176–77, 239, 242, 243

Many Thousands Gone
(Berlin), 113, 138

Marbury
v.
Madison
, 4, 52, 55

Maroons, 105, 167, 168

Marshall, John, 4, 5, 52, 55–56, 111, 161

Martin, Luther, 52–53, 58

Maryland, 199

Masons, 111

Mayer, Henry, 140

McCargo, Theophilus, 118–19

McCargo, Thomas, 118

McClellan, George, 250

McGillivray, Alexander, 80, 157

McIntosh, William, 80

McQueen, Peter, 73, 80

Meacham, Jon, xx, 78, 159, 175

Melville, Herman, xvi

Merritt, William, 116, 120

Methodist Church, 181

Mexican War, xvii, 241–43

Irish Catholic desertions and, 212

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 218

U.S. critics of, 243, 249–50

U.S. declares war, 182, 218

Mexico

American territorial expansion into, 176

attack on the Alamo, 217

California and, 177, 182, 218, 241

Catholicism of, 211–12

independence, 251

Jackson purchase offer, 217

loses war and territory, 218, 251

New Mexico and, 218

Texas and, 111, 241 (
see also
Mexican War)

Micanopy, Seminole Chief, 152, 168

Michigan, 111

Miller, William, 201

Mississippi, 109

Missouri, 110, 236–37

Missouri Compromise, xvii, 110

Missouri
Enquirer
, 236

Mobile, Alabama, 90–91

Monk, Maria, 183, 205–6

Monroe, James, 66, 102, 110, 136, 155, 157, 159

Montalvo, Garci Rodríguez de, 230–31

Montéz, Pedro, 125–26

Montgomery, Richard, 28–30

Morgan, Daniel, 27, 29

Morning Chronicle
, 53–54

Morris, Elijah, 116, 117

Morse, Jedediah, 203

Morse, Richard, 204

Morse, Samuel F. B., 181, 183, 203–5, 237

Mühlenberg, Henry, 198

 

Napoléon, 88, 130, 131–33

Napoleonic Wars, 65, 88

Narváez, Pánfilo de, 150

Nast, Thomas, 201

Native Americans.
See also specific tribes

alliances with African Americans, 95, 102, 142, 166–69

Andrew Jackson and, xx, 66, 67, 91, 93–99, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161–63, 169–70, 175–76

assimilation of, 70–71, 81–83, 158, 159, 162

Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 66, 96–99

betrayal of Osceola, 169–72

Black Hawk War, 158, 158n

as British allies, 65, 71, 81, 85

in California, 232–34, 233n

Civilized Tribes of the Southeast, 71, 81, 83, 159–61

confiscation of land and removal, 99, 104, 145, 153, 155, 156–57, 158, 159, 161–63, 170–71, 175

Creek Wars, 76–77, 84, 94, 96–99, 104, 169

Dade's Massacre, 145, 149–55

Fort Mims massacre, xxi, 66, 70–76

genocide against, 67, 155–56

“Indian question,” 157–58

Indian Removal Act, 145

Muskogee nation, 70, 81, 104, 161

Seminole Wars, 103, 104, 142, 145

Spain and, 51, 71, 81

Tecumseh tribal confederacy, 65, 82–85

Tocqueville on, 160

Nativists, 185–94, 205, 208–9, 210–11, 213

Nat Turner's rebellion, 111

New Jersey, 33, 35, 44–45

New Mexico, 218, 245

New Orleans, 48, 49, 90, 115, 137

Deslondes rebellion, 113, 137–38

Newspapers and pamphlets anti-Catholic press, 200–201, 204

anti-Federalist, 38

antislavery, 140, 181, 194

Burr and, 38, 53–54

Callender sedition trial and, 45

Federalist, 38, 87

Hamilton scandal and, 37–38

Jefferson scandal and, 86–87

trial of Frémont and, 246

New York Burning
(Lepore), 128

New York City, 30–31, 39–40, 128, 253

Irish and politics, 210

Richmond Hill house, 30, 35, 47

rumored slave revolt, 1741, 128

Tammany Hall, 39, 210

New York Observer
, 204

New York state, 35–46, 199.
See also
Burr, Aaron

New York Tribune
, 249–50

Nicollet, Joseph, 238

Nicolls, Edward, 100–101

Nixon, Richard, xix, 60

Non-Intercourse Act, xvii, 89

North, Oliver, 48

Northup, Solomon, 121–22, 123

 

Oates, Stephen B., 163, 164

Obama, Barack, xiii, xv, xxv–xxvi

“birthers” and, xxiii, 213

O'Brien, Sean Michael, 73, 75, 104

Ogden, Matthias, 27

Oregon, 177, 239, 242, 249

Osceola (Asi Yolah), Seminole Chief, 171–72, 153–54, 169–72