A History of Zionism (49 page)

‡
Lichtheim,
Rückkehr
, p. 228.

*
A. Auppin,
Pirke Khayai
, Tel Aviv, 1968, vol. 3, p. 203.

*
Arthur Ruppin,
Building Israel
, New York, 1949, p. 63.

†
Stenographisches Protokoll
…, Berlin, 1911, pp. 81-2. Wolffsohn, president of the Zionist Organisation, replied: ‘Don’t forget to tell this to your friends in Palestine!’
Ibid.

‡
The correspondence is quoted in Alsberg, ‘The Arab Question …’, p. 175.

§
In his speech at the annual conference of German Zionists at Posen,
Jüdische Rundschau
, 12 July 1912.

*
Redcliffe N. Nalaman,
Palestine Reclaimed
, London, 1920, pp. 175-6.

†
D. Den Gurion, in an article published in 1918 included in
Anakhnu veshekhnenu
, Tel Aviv, 1931, p. 41.

*
Eliezer Ben Yehuda, who emigrated to Palestine from Russia in 1882, wrote in his autobiography that he found that the Arabs did not hate the Jews but despised them for their cowardice.
Kitve Ben Yehuda
, Jerusalem, 1941, p. 37.

*
W. Wahnmann, in
Herzl Yearbook
, New York, 1958, p. 165.

†
Mandel, St Antony’s Papers, p. 108 and dissertation.

*
Weizmann,
Zionist Policy
, 21 September 1919. English Zionist Federation, London, p. 12.

†
Quoted in Stein,
The Balfour Declaration
, p. 622.

‡
Quoted in
Jüdische Rundschau
, 18 August 1918.

§
Quoted in M. Merlman, ‘Arab-Jewish Diplomacy 1918-22’,
Jewish Social Studies
, 1944, p 131.

*
Jewish Chronicle
, 7 March 1919. Quoted in Perlman, ‘Arab-Jewish Diplomacy …’.

†
Jewish Chronicle
, 3 October 1919. Quoted in Perlman, ‘Arab-Jewish Diplomacy …’.

*
A.A. Tibawi, in
Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society
, June 1969, p. 156
et seq.

†
Perlman, ‘Arab-Jewish Diplomacy …’, p. 141.

‡
Jeffries,
Palestine: The Reality
, p. 257.

§
Jüdische Rundschau
, 14 March 1918. Negouib Moussali,
Le Sionisme et la Palestine
, Geneva, 1919,
passim.

*
Quoted in Cohen,
Israel vehaolam ha’aravi
, p. 149.

*
Palestine, Correspondence with the Palestine Arab Delegation and the Zionist Delegation
, Cmd. 1700, London, 1922, p. 19.

†
‘After the Balfour Declaration’, in
Nationalism and the Jewish Ethic
, New York, 1962, p. 122. See also his introduction to the Berlin 1921 edition of
At the Crossroads
in which the idea of a bi-national state was implicitly formulated.

‡
‘Das Verhaeltnis der Juden zu den Arabern’, in
Der Jude
, 1919, p. 453.

§
A. Auppin,
Der Aufbau des Landes Israel
, Berlin, 1919, pp. 127-31. Ber Borokhov, the theoretician of Marxist Zionism in Russia, also believed that the Palestinian Arabs would eventually be culturally absorbed. Borokhov may have got the idea from Michael Halpern, a curious, tragic, and in some ways prophetic figure. Halpern advocated the occupation of Palestine by Jewish legions many years before the First World War, and at the same time called for a brotherly alliance between Arabs and Jews (to be directed against the common enemy, Christianity). To hasten the cultural assimilation of the Arabs he proposed that there should be intermarriage on a massive scale. He left Palestine temporarily after a quarrel with Rothschild’s representatives, and his accounts of Arab life and customs, their hospitality and respect for strength and courage, strongly influenced a whole generation of East European halutzim, whom he fascinated with his strange and exotic stories (see Alexander Said, ‘Michael Halpern’, in
Yediot ha’arkhion vehamuseon la’avoda
, vols. 3-4, 1938, pp. 76-7). As a young man in Smolensk he spent a great deal of time and energy in trying to reform the local prostitutes. He is now virtually forgotten in Israel though a few old timers still remember the incident when a circus visited Jaffa a few years before the outbreak of the First World War. In answer to a challenge by the Arabs present, and to save Jewish honour, Halpern entered the lions’ cage unarmed and sang the Hatiqva – to the consternation of public and lions alike.

*
J.J. Jobman (ed.),
David Eder
, London, 1945, p. 162
et seq.

†
Jüdische Rundschau
, 17 June 1921.

*
Jüdische Rundschau
, 9 August 1921.

†
Stenographisches Protokoll, etc. XII Zionisten Kongress
, Berlin, 1922, p. 715.

‡
Ibid.
, pp. 26, 104, 285.

*
Stenographischer Bericht, etc. XIII Zionisten Kongress
, London, 1924, pp. 367, 517.

†
Stenographischer Bericht, etc. XIV Zionisten Kongress
, London, 1926, pp. 54, 61, 207, 328.

‡
Medzini,
loc. cit.
, p. 80.

*
F.F. Kisch,
Palestine Diary
, London, 1938, p. 19.

†
Ibid.
, p. 20.

*
Report of the Commission on the Palestine Disturbances of August 1929
(Shaw Report), London, 1930, p. 58.

*
Quoted in D. Den Gurion,
Anakhnu veshehhnenu
, Tel Aviv, 1931, p. 74.

†
See
Haqiqat el Amr
, 14 July 1937, and G. Gansur,
The Arab Worker Under the Palestine Mandate
, Jerusalem, 1936, p. 40.

‡
M.M.M. Togannam,
The Arab Woman and the Palestine Problem
, London, 1936, pp. 217–18.

§
Minutes of the Palestine Royal Commission
, London, 1936, p. 236.

*
‘Jews and Arabs in Palestine’,
Socialist Review
, March 1922.

*
See, for instance, M. Meilinson, in
Davar
, 2 and 9 October 1929.

†
A. Aeubeni, in
Doar Hayom
, 6 September 1929, in a poem commenting on the events of August 1929. Quoted in Wiener,
Juden und Araber in Palästina
, Berlin, 1930, p. 24.

‡
26 September 1929. Quoted in Wiener, p. 44.

§
Kitve A.A. Aordon
, vol. 5, p. 123.

‖
Ben Gurion,
Anakhnu veshekhnenu
, p. 180.

*
Ibid.
, p. 41.

†
Ibid.
, p. 150 (meeting with a Russian Jewish revolutionary in Berlin).

‡
Speech in Ein Harod, 1924,
ibid.
, p. 74.

§
M. Mharett,
Yoman Medini
, Tel Aviv, 1968, p. 165.

‖
Kisch,
Palestine Diary
, p. 53.

*
Shaw Report, p. 129.

†
Robert Weltsch, in
Jüdische Rundschau
, 19 September 1922.

*
Norman Bentwich,
For Zion’s Sake, a Biography of Judah L. Magnes
, Philadelphia, 1954, p. 174.

†
Der Jude
, July 1919, p. 567.

‡
Jewish-Arab Affairs.
Occasional papers published by the Brit Shalom Society, June 1931, p. 47.

*
In Felix Weltsch (ed.),
Prague and Jerusalem
, Jerusalem, 1954. Quoted in Susan Lee Hattis’ doctoral dissertation,
The Binational Idea in Palestine during Mandatory Times
, Geneva, 1970.

†
Like all the Nations?
, Jerusalem, 1930, p. 6.

‡
Ibid.
, p. 14.

§
Ibid.
, p. 28.

*
She’ifotenu
, May 1932, pp. 58-9.

*
See Kalvarisky’s peace programme of 1932,
Jüdische Rundschau
, 16 December 1932.

†
Kisch,
Palestine Diary
, p. 374.

‡
Hattis, Dissertation, p. 29.

§
Ibid.
, p. 46.