A Field Guide to Lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age (41 page)
Read A Field Guide to Lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age Online
Authors: Daniel J. Levitin
racial identities,
89
range and averages,
17
recycling,
54
–55
Rees, Nigel,
125
–26
refugees,
203
regret,
229
regulating authorities,
145
–46
reporting bias in data collection,
88
–89
representative sampling,
76
–80,
161
–64
Respectfully Quoted
(Platt),
125
,
126
–27
Richards, Cecile,
42
risk
framing of,
201
–5
perception of,
173
–75
Rivera, Geraldo,
173
Rocketdyne,
230
–31
Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
85
Sacramento Bee
,
173
salespeople,
203
–4
samples from disparate populations,
17
sampling,
76
–85
biases in,
85
–86
and confidence intervals,
82
–84,
84
,
269
n84
and margin of error,
82
,
83
–84,
84
,
269
n84
methods of,
62
–63
and probabilities,
104
quota,
81
random,
79
–81,
85
representative,
76
–80
sample size,
67
,
83
,
84
,
271
n98
selective small samples,
164
–66
stratified,
79
–81
SAT scores and school funding,
38
,
38
–40,
39
scenario planning,
154
–55
Science
,
6
science and the scientific method,
181
–197
and abductive reasoning,
191
–92
and alternative explanations,
249
and anti-science bias,
252
arguments in,
193
–94
and critical thinking skills,
252
and deductive reasoning,
183
–190,
192
,
193
,
194
–97
and experimental design,
213
and hypotheses,
212
and inductive reasoning,
183
–84,
190
–91,
192
and medical advances of Semmelweis,
194
–97
and meta-analyses,
142
,
183
,
217
myths about,
182
–83
and notation of logical statements,
187
–89
and scientific revolution,
181
value of basic research in,
252
selective windowing,
161
–64
Semmelweis, Ignaz,
194
–97
Seneff, Stephanie,
208
–9
September
11
, 2001, terrorist attacks,
169
,
202
Severinsen, Stig,
237
sexual behaviors of teens and preteens,
64
–65
Shaw, Gordon,
134
shifting baselines,
20
–24,
22
,
23
Shockley, William,
134
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome),
106
–7
significance, statistical,
57
–58
Slovic, Paul,
173
Snopes.com,
252
sources, hierarchy of,
135
–37,
232
sporting events and probabilities,
101
standardization issues in data collection,
90
Standard Model of Particle Physics,
246
–250
statistical literacy,
166
–67
Stephanopoulos, George,
147
–48
stratified random sampling,
79
–81
subdividing,
73
–74
subjective probabilities,
99
–102
syllogisms,
185
–86
Tampa Bay Times
,
147
telephone sampling,
62
–63,
85
–86
third factor
x
explanation of correlations,
50
–51
Time
s (U.K.),
174
–75
transportation and safety considerations,
201
–2
trials, legal,
16
,
117
,
124
,
155
–56
Trump, Donald,
147
–48
Tuten, Terrell,
21
Tversky, Amos,
100
United Nations,
61
USA Today
,
66
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
66
,
94
U.S. Centers for Disease Control,
73
–74
U.S. News & World Report
,
62
,
63
U.S. Steel,
16
vaccines and autism,
182
,
207
–10
verification of information,
147
–48
veterinary science,
223
–29
Vigen, Tyler,
49
–50
Wall Street Journal
,
136
–37,
171
water quality,
176
–77
water usage in California,
55
weather patterns,
103
–4
websites.
See
Internet and websites
Weiss, Hans,
6
World Health Organization (WHO),
209
Wright brothers,
131
xkcd
(Munroe),
51
Zander, Benjamin,
249
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
DANIEL J. LEVITIN, PhD
, is dean of Social Sciences at the Minerva Schools at KGI in San Francisco, and a faculty member at the Center for Executive Education in the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley. He is the author of the international bestsellers
This Is Your Brain on Music
,
The World in Six Songs
, and
The Organized Mind
. He divides his time between the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles.
Looking for more?
Visit Penguin.com for more about this author and a complete list of their books.
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