A Brief History of Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice (44 page)

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349
. Ibid.

350
.
Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy,
Anchor Books, 1989.

351
. Adrienne Rich, op. cit.

352
.
The People’s Daily Online,
12 November 2003.

353
. From
Life and Fate,
quoted in
The Fall of Berlin,
by Antony Beevor, Viking, 2002.

354
. The North Korean government has called their allegations a ‘whopping lie’. But credible human rights organizations substantiate the defectors’ testimonies.

355
. All following quotes and references to Mrs Lee come from the transcript of her testimony before HIRC.

356
.
New York Times,
3 May 2002.

357
. Iris Chang,
The Rape of Nanking,
quoted in
War’s Dirty Little Secret: Rape, prostitution and other crimes against women,
Anne Llewellyn, editor, The Pilgrim Press, 2000.

358
. Beevor, op. cit.

359
. Quoted in Llewellyn, op. cit.

360
. Ibid.

361
. Ibid.

362
. One of the few instances of soldiers being punished for rape occurred during Alexander the Great’s invasion of Persia in 334
BC.
He ordered two soldiers executed for raping the wives of two Persians. Alexander compared them to ‘brute beasts out to destroy mankind’. See
Plutarch’s Life of Alexander,
translated by Thomas North, Southern Illinois Press, 1963.

363
. Pearsall, op. cit.

364
. Ibid.

365
. Tannahill, op. cit.

366
.
Why I am not a Christian: And other essays on religion and related subjects,
by Bertrand Russell, Simon and Schuster, 1950.

367
. There were exceptions, such as the nineteenth-century birth control advocate and libertine Annie Besant who once declared: ‘If the Bible and religion stood in the way of women’s rights, then the Bible and religion must go.’ See Pearsall, op. cit.

368
. Miles, op. cit.

369
.
The ‘Rhythm’ in Marriage and Christian Morality,
by Fr Orville Griese, Newman Bookshop, 1944.

370
. Ibid.

371
.
God’s Politician: John Paul at the Vatican,
by David Willey, Faber and Faber, 1992.

372
. Ibid.

373
. Ibid.

374
. Ibid.

375
. Quoted in Willey, ibid.

376
. Joan Didion, review of
Armageddon: The cosmic battle of the ages,
by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins,
New York Review of Books,
17 November 2003.

377
. BBC News World Edition website, 28 June 2003.

378
. Fortunately for Irish women, England is only a short boat trip away. Thousands of Irish women go there every year to have the abortions denied to them at home. It allows succeeding Irish governments to be sanctimonious about their ‘pro-life’ credentials without having to face the consequences of their policies.

379
. Bishop and Osthelder, op. cit.

380
. Dr Jacques Leclercq, quoted in Griese, op. cit.

381
. Ibid.

382
. In 1981, according to a report in the
New York Times
of 20 January 2003, it reached just over 29 abortions per 1,000 women aged between 15 and 44. As of 2003, it stood at 21.3.

383
.
New York Times,
4 September 2003.

384
. Ibid.

385
.
New York Times,
10 May 2003.

386
. Ibid.

387
.
New York Times,
2 June 2003.

388
.
Dallas Morning News,
9 August 1996.

389
. Ibid.

390
. Quoted in
The Dallas Morning News,
op. cit.

391
.
The Perfumed Garden of the Shaykh Nefzawi,
translated by Sir Richard Burton, edited with an introduction and additional notes by Alan Hull Walton, Gramercy Publishing Company, 1964.

392
. Ibid.

393
.
Women and Gender in Islam,
by Leila Ahmed, Yale University Press, 1992.

394
. Tannahill, op.cit.

395
. Ahmed, op. cit.

396
. Ibid. Ahmed points out that Lord Cromer, the British Consul General in Egypt, campaigned against the veil while at home he formed an organization that was opposed to women’s suffrage.

397
. Haleh Afshar, quoted by Ahmed, ibid.

398
. Ibid.

399
.
New York Times,
17 May 2002.

400
. Ibid.

401
. Ibid.

402
.
New York Times,
2 July 2002.

403
.
New York Times,
6 July 2002.

404
.
My Forbidden Face: Growing up under the Taliban, a young woman’s story,
by Latifa, written with the collaboration of Shekeba Hacchemi, translated by Linda Coverdale, preface by Karenna Gore Schifff, Hyperion, 2001.

405
.
Soldiers of God: With Islamic warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan,
by Robert D. Kaplan, Vintage, 2001.

406
. Latifa, op. cit. There is a further irony in the fact that the British during their occupation of India encouraged Deobandism to offset the threat from Hindu nationalists.

407
. Ibid.

408
. Ibid.

409
. Ibid.

410
. Ibid.

411
. Kaplan, op. cit.

412
. John Anderson,
New Yorker,
28 January 2002. Anderson also discovered that Mullah Omar, the head of state during the Taliban’s reign, played secular music on the CD player of his Toyota Land Cruiser.

413
. Latifa, op. cit.

414
.
Los Angeles Times,
4 November 2001.

415
.
New York Times,
27 October 2002.

416
.
New York Times,
31 October 2002. In December 2003, at a nationwide convention called to draft a new constitution for Afghanistan, one of the hundred women delegates spoke out against the mujahideen present at the meeting. ‘Why have you again selected as committee chairman,’ she asked, ‘those criminals who have brought these disasters for Afghan people?’ According to the BBC, 18 December 2003 she had to be placed under UN protection. No women were elected to any of the committees set up by the convention.

417
. Goldhagen, op. cit.

418
.
Washington Post,
4 April 1993.

419
.
The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell,
Volume 4:
In Front of Your Nose, 1945–50,
edited by Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus, Penguin Books, 1970.

420
. ‘Rock turns mean and ugly’, by Greg Kot, rock music critic,
Chicago Tribune,
18 November 1990.

421
.
New York Times,
6 November 2003. Ridgeway was known as ‘The Green River Killer’ and had been at large since the 1980s, when the first bodies of his victims began turning up on the banks of the Green River near Seattle.

422
. Samuel Slipp, quoted in
Misogyny: The Male Malady,
by David Gilmore, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

423
. It is interesting to compare the treatment of the Jews under the Roman authorities, when they did pose a real threat to Roman control of Judaea, to their fate under the Christians. In spite of two serious Jewish uprisings, the first in
AD
66
, and the second in
AD
132, both of which were only suppressed at the cost of considerable bloodshed, the Romans did not enact anti-Semitic laws. The sort of religious and racial intolerance, which became a feature of Christianity, was largely foreign to Roman thinking.

424
. Goldhagen, op. cit.

425
.
New York Times Magazine,
15 September 2002.

426
.
Fable for Another Time,
translated by Mary Hudson, University of Nebraska Press, 2003.

427
. Paz, op. cit.

428
. Quoted by Pinker, op. cit.

429
. Ibid.

430
. Russell, op. cit.

431
. Pinker, op. cit.

432
.
The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee: How our animal heritage affects the way we live,
Vintage, 1992.

433
. ‘To his Coy Mistress’, by Andrew Marvell, the
Oxford Book of English Verse,
edited by Christopher Ricks, Oxford University Press, 1999.

434
. The Bonobo, or pigmy chimpanzee, is the only other primate in which ovulation is hidden. Bonobos are constantly sexually active, and like humans use sex for a wide variety of reasons other than for procreation. See
Demonic Males: Apes and the origins of human violence,
by Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, Mariner Books, 1996.

435
.
Survival of the Prettiest: The science of beauty,
by Nancy Etcoff, Doubleday, 1999.

INDEX

Abbas, Mullah Mohammed
265–6

abbesses
105
,
106

abolutionism
201

abortion
34
,
76
,
79
,
138
,
174
,
175
,
222
,
227
,
229
,
230
,
241
,
243
,
244–51
,
267
,
269