A Brave Vessel: The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown and Inspired Shakespeare'sThe Tempest (38 page)

Matthew Somers’s return to England with body of uncle:
SMI
, 1:277-78, 2:350-52; Burrage,
Lost
, 5; Craven, “Hughes,” 76. Parish register says Somers’s body buried June 4, 1611 (suggesting his nephew reached port in late May): Malone,
Account
, 20. George Somers stopped on the coast north of Jamestown before crossing to Bermuda:
SMI
, 1:277, 2:350; Oldmixon,
Empire
, 441. Ring purported to bear Somers coat of arms found on Connecticut beach in 1924: Kennedy,
Isle
, 57. Two men previously left on Bermuda join Somers on arrival:
BER
, 15. Somers’s death by food poisoning: Stow,
Annales
(1615), 944, and (1632), 1018;
SMI
, 1:277. Pig-bel probably killed Somers: Puntis, “Pig-bel.” Symptoms of pig-bel: Merck & Co., “Clostridial.” Somers died November 9, 1611: Sainsbury,
State Papers: Colonial
, 1:10; Green,
State Papers: Domestic
, 2:268. Notice of Somers’s death:
SMI
, 2:350-51; Burrage,
Lost
, 5;
REL
, 252; Craven, “Hughes,” 76;
BER
, 15. “A surfeit”: Stow,
Annales
(1632), 1018.

Somers’s body buried England and heart buried Bermuda:
SMI
, 2:351, 378. Heart burial mentioned on 1620, 1876, 1959 memorials: Darrell,
Links
, 8, 9, 13. Heart burial site in or near the modern Somers Garden in St. George’s: editor Lefroy in
BER
, 305-8. Alternatively, heart burial site near campsite of castaways: Zuill, “Cast Away,” 66. Embalming methods, hearts routinely buried separately: Guibert,
Physitian
, 143-47. History of ceremonial heart burial, salt common preservative when bodies sent home: Bradford,
Heart
, 38, 40-42, 45, 47, 51-52, 54-58, 169-72, 177-78. Dual practical and ceremonial purposes for removing heart: Chamberlain and Pearson,
Earthly
, 26-28. Somers’s body transported in cedar chest, “his heart and bowels” (Butler’s claim that sailors were unaware body was on board is not credible):
BER
, 15-16.

Somers’s men defied his wishes, sailed for England, left three men on Bermuda: Burrage,
Lost
, 5; Craven, “Hughes,” 76;
BER
, 16;
SMI
, 2:351. “His body by”:
SMI
, 1:277-78, 2:351. Parish register says Somers buried June 4, 1611: Malone,
Account
, 20. Somers’s burial lost during church restoration: editor Lefroy in
BER
, 307-8. New monument dedicated 1980: Ware, “Journey,” 22. Settlement of Somers’s estate July 26, 1611: Sainsbury,
State Papers: Colonial
, 1:10; Green,
State Papers: Domestic
, 2:268. Somers’s will details: Broadley, “Will.” “Sir George Somers”:
NAR
, 709. Renaming of Bermuda as the Somers Islands: Neill,
History
, 64-65; Stow,
Annales
(1615), 945. “In the year 1611”:
SMI
, 2:378. Bermuda monuments to Somers:
BER
, 15-16, 305-6; Darrell,
Links
, 8-10; Jones,
Bermuda
, 28-29. “Riotous and disorderly”: Pope, “Somers,” 31.

Return of
Starr
:
HIS
, 130 (
NAR
, 686); Brown,
Republic
, 157, 162-63; Barbour in
SMI
, 1:130. “He hath sent his”: Neill,
History
, 52. Gates’s biography:
NAR
, 46- 47; Sheehan, “Gates”;
GEN
, 2:894-96. Gates’s use of Bermuda limestone in Jamestown house: Kelso,
Buried
, 23, 107, 109; Lounsbury,
Church
, 2; D’Alto, “Hurricane,” 62. Gates’s death: Sainsbury, “Death”; Morey,
Gates
, 15. Pierce biographies: Dorman,
Purse
, 1:30, 31, 2:797-800, 3:24; Bernhard, “Men,” 616-17. “Mistress Pierce”:
SMI
, 3:218. Clark biography:
REL
, 260, 274;
SMI
, 2:254-55;
NAR
, 44-45, 49-50; Wright, “Spanish,” 455-57. Hopkins biography: Johnson, “Origin,” 165-69; Dorman,
Purse
, 2:355-56. Clark’s and Hopkins’s
Mayflower
history: Philbrick,
Mayflower
, 24-26, 38-39, 70; Anderson,
Pilgrim
, 111, 271-75.

Uranus’s moons: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, “Planetary.” Early essays on parallels between Jamestown chronicles and
Tempest
: Vaughan,
Caliban
, 118-20; Marshall, “Imperium,” 381-82; Culliford,
Strachey
, 1-2. Shakespeare’s late plays: Lytton Strachey,
Books
, 51-69. Lytton Strachey’s descent from William Strachey: Sanders,
Family
, 53, 65, 108-9.

Recent essays on
Tempest
as colonial-themed play: Vaughan,
Caliban
, 118- 71; Hulme and Sherman,
Travels
, 171-78; McDonald, “Reading,” 15-17; Fiedler,
Stranger
, 208-9; Gillies,
Geography
, 153-55; Griffiths, “Colonialism”; Brotton, “Contesting,” 25-31. Recent essays that downplay the colonial interpretation of
Tempest
: Bate, “Humanist,” 6; Bloom in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(Riverhead), 3-4; N. Frye, “
Tempest
,” 49; Hadfield,
Literature
, 242-45. “A prologue”: Marx,
Machine
, 72. “A kaleidoscope”: H. Smith,
Interpretations
, 1. “A complex Rorschach blot”: Hamlin,
Image
, 118. Shakespeare authorship question: Looney,
Identified
; Baron,
De Vere
; Farina,
De Vere
; Michell,
Who Wrote
; McCrea,
Case
; Stritmatter and Kositsky, “Revisited.”

“Magnificent—it has some,” “notably good”: Jones and Walcutt,
Literature
, 58, 65. Strachey’s documentation of the Powhatans: Porter,
Inconstant
, 325-38. “One of the finest”: Quinn in
NEW
, 288. “The large Strachey vocabulary”: Barbour,
Three
, 299. “Could trace,” “
Sea Vulture
,” “bitter feud,” “a complete schism” “the three kings”: Irving,
Wolfert’s
, 62-71, 315. Kipling on
Sea Venture
and
Tempest
: Kipling,
How Shakespeare
, and “
Tempest
”; Stamers-Smith, “Kipling”; Franssen, “Bard.” “Seven months among mermaids”: Kipling,
Limits
, 169-70. “The
Sea Venture
”: Joyce,
Ulysses
, 1:439. Background on Joyce allusion: Thornton,
Allusions
, 197. Strachey in
Dark Lady
: O’Neal,
Dark
, 5, 9, 11, 21-22, 34-35, 80-81, 186, 211, 219, 222-25, 228, 242-43, 252-53, 257, 294-303, 306-13. Césaire’s
Une Tempête
analyzed, “unmasking the brutality,” “In
Une Tempête
”: Sarnecki, “Mastering,” 276, 280. Durham’s Caliban masks, “one time Prospero”: Hulme and Sherman:
Travels
, 175-79.

Hogs became scarce on Bermuda: Hughes,
Letter
[7]. Early regulations to protect cahow:
BER
, 4;
SMI
, 2:342-43. Colonists’ uses of Bermuda plants, early regulations to protect plants: Bernhard, “Bermuda,” 61; Stamers-Smith, “Flora,” 116-17; Collett,
Plants
, 56-57, 78, 83. Introduction of foreign crops: Stamers-Smith, “Flora,” 120-24; Phillips-Watlington,
Botanical
, 114. Count of native and introduced flora: Phillips-Watlington,
Botanical
, 15-18. Cedar epidemic of 1940: Stamers-Smith, “Flora,” 117; Phillips-Watlington,
Botanical
, 15. Impact of habitat reduction on birds: Amos,
Birds
, 21. Rediscovery of the cahow in 1951: Murphy and Mowbray, “Cahow”; Bowen and Andrews, “Starving,” 63; Amos,
Birds
, 39-40; Kennedy,
Isle
, 261. Commercial use of island cavern as “Prospero’s Cave”: Stamers-Smith, “Kipling,” 104. Cave creatures named for Prospero and Somers: Sterrer and Iliffe, “
Mesonerilla
,” 509-10, 512; Hart and Manning, “Cavernicolous,” 441-42.

Celebration of Somers’ Day: Emanuel,
Divine
, 51. Plaques commemorating Somers, 1984 statue of Somers: Darrell,
Links
, 8-15; Fountain, “Statue.” Somers’s legacy as a mariner: Haile in
NAR
, 61-62, 445. Discovery of ring that may have belonged to Somers: Kennedy,
Isle
, 57. Raising of guns from
Sea Venture
, “to make a discovery”:
BER
, 26, 290;
SMI
, 2:355, 387. “Arguably the most”: Armitage, “Victuals,” 8. Discovery of wreck and artifacts: Wingood, “Report” (1982), 333- 34, 337, 341-45. Further details on wreck discovery: Jones,
Bermuda
, 26; Kennedy,
Isle
, 260; Wright,
Story
, 22. Jamestown archaeological dig, discovery of ring that may have belonged to Strachey: Kelso,
Buried
, 44-55, 89-93, 111-15, 126-39, 141-60, 170, and “Shakespearean,” 187-89.

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