1938 (56 page)

228
Göring managed to win:
Hilberg,
Destruction
, 1:40.

228
It provided another chance:
Walzer and Templ,
Unser Wien
, 32; Moser, “‘Reichskristallnacht,’” in Historisches Museum,
Judenpogrom
, 62.

228
The real figure:
Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 118.

228
Even the Party condemned:
See Benz, “Der Ruckfall.”

228
“This is no longer anything:
Benz, “Der Ruckfall,” 47.

229
Bruno Heilig, who was:
Heilig,
Men Crucified
, 154; Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 26.

229
This was the background:
Safrian,
Eichmann
, 23.

230
Berlin jeweler Margraf in Unter den Linden:
Goebbels later had a brilliant idea: He was going to issue a statement that the jeweler had been plundered by a Jew. Hitler was delighted.
Tagebücher I, VI
, 199.

230
The total bill was:
Tooze,
Wages
, 277.

230
“I have had enough of these:
Quoted in Bankier, in Historisches Museum,
Judenpogrom
, 79.

230
No charges were brought:
Hilberg,
Destruction
, 1:45.

230
He would have reservations:
Bankier, in Historisches Museum,
Judenpogrom
, 81.

230 (
on November 22 he claimed:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 198.

230
dismissed Funk as “soft” and claimed:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 185.

231
“In Vienna the dough:
Safrian,
Eichmann
, 47–48.

231
It was decided that only:
Walzer and Templ,
Unser Wien
, 57.

231
At the end of the year the Gestapo:
Engel, “Archive des Grauens.”

231
When the Jews arrived in Dachau:
Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 179.

231
Urns filled with ashes began:
Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 183.

231
Sachsenhausen had the reputation:
Klepper,
Tagebücher
, 688.

231
After the “Rath-Aktion”:
Kautsky,
Teufel und Verdamte
, 29.

231
They had also to promise:
Moser,
Juden Verfolgung
, 9.

232
“Don’t say anything you don’t have to:
Arnold Schoenberg,
Arnold Schoenberg: Letters
, trans. Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser, ed. Erwin Stein (London, 1964), 205.

232
Klemperer decided to stay put:
Klemperer,
Tagebücher
, 435.

232
“When I told him that any decent:
Giles MacDonogh,
The Last Kaiser: William the Impetuous
(London, 2000), 456.

232
Hitler and Goebbels had “unconditional” support:
Ciano,
Ciano’s Diary
, 193.

233
Goebbels’s own newspaper:
Daily Herald
, November 9, 1938.

233
Der Stürmer
presented a gallery:
Der Stürmer
46, November 1938.

233
In one cartoon a Jew is:
Der Stürmer
45, November 1938.

233
The cardinal’s palace was wrecked:
Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 143.

233
He wanted to break diplomatic:
Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 172.

233
“Whatever provocation may have been:
Chandler, “Church of England,” 237.

233
It is said that among the conservative elite:
See, for example, Heinemann,
Konservativer Rebell
, 93–94.

234
The next day Uncle Adolf:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 189.

234
The industrialist Robert Bosch:
Burleigh,
Third Reich
, 333.

234
He argued that the evil:
Jamie Bulloch and Katharina Bielenberg,
Peter Bielenberg
(privately printed memoir) (2001), 80–81.

234
“You have to feel ashamed:
Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 157.

234
“the heaviest blow:
Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 162.

234
Klepper noted there was a desire:
Klepper,
Tagebücher
, 682.

234
Leaving her driver at a safe:
MacDonogh,
Good German
, 118–119.

234
talking of “universal horror”:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 55–56.

235
The Catholics tended to be more:
Stephenson,
Home Front
, 144.

235
On the other hand, the more likely:
Kershaw,
Final Solution
, 175.

235
In Vienna the corruption was:
Grumberger,
Social History
, 138–139.

235
Of three hundred who lined up:
Gilbert,
Kristallnacht
, 151–152.

235
The first fell on December 15:
Hilberg,
Destruction
, 1:134–135.

235
income from the beleaguered Jews:
Tooze,
Wages
, 277–279.

236
On November 18 Göring met:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 219.

236
Wenninger had introduced:
Mendelsohn and Detwiler,
The Holocaust: Jewish Emigration 1938–1940
, vol. 6:
Rublee Negotiations and Intergovernmental Committee
(New York, 1982), 5; McClure,
Rublee
, 260.

236
The international boycott:
McClure,
Rublee
, 262.

236
“The business point of view:
McClure,
Rublee
, 266–267.

236
Under the scheme, Germany would:
Mendelsohn and Detwiler,
Holocaust
, 5:149.

236
There was only a short time:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 98–99.

237
Goods from Hamburg:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 99.

237
A month later he was obtaining:
FLA Germany Files GE9.

237
They had left from Galata:
BBD E3/282.

237
It was agreed that a further 5,000:
Rosenkranz,
Verfolgung
.

238
The pro-Zionist MP:
Naomi Shepherd,
Wilfred Israel
(London, 1984), 146–147, 149.

238
“steady stream of Jews:
Diana Hopkinson,
The Incense Tree: An Autobiography
(London, 1968), 163.

238
“I was in despair over:
Hopkinson,
Incense Tree
, 163.

239
As it was, only a small percentage:
BBD, Acc 3121 C2/2/4/1, Ruth Horowitz to Dr. B. Homa, July 21, 1950.

239
Some court officers:
Hilberg,
Destruction
, 1:127.

239
Realizing he would now starve:
Maltzan,
Memoirs
, 58; MacDonogh,
Berlin
, 380.

239
In Württemberg, the number of Jews:
Stephenson,
Home Front
, 145.

240
He also asked for more staff:
Smith,
Foley
, 133.

240
It was Engelmann’s aunt:
Engelmann,
Hitler’s Germany
, 128–131.

241
On October 27, Bishop Batty had left:
Times,
October 27, 1938.

241
“I am really very much perturbed:
Lambeth Palace, Lang Papers, 38/255, Bell to Alan Don, November 30, 1938. Mrs. Baker’s letter is missing.

241
I think you ought to know:
Lambeth Palace, Lang Papers, 38/260, Alan Don to Batty, December 5, 1938.

241
Batty replied the following day:
Lambeth Palace, Lang Papers, 38/264, 265, 266, December 6–7, 1938.

243
Mrs. Ludovici seems to have heard:
Lambeth Palace, Lang Papers, 38/311, 313, 322.

245
A liberal German like Peter Bielenberg:
Conversation with Peter Bielenberg, summer 1988.

246
Through mutual friends, Trott was also:
MacDonogh,
Good German
, 122–123.

247
“The subject is up to you:
Breker,
Strahlungsfeld
, 93.

247
The Mosaic [
sic
] Saloon was decorated:
Breker,
Strahlungsfeld
, 93, 98; Wolters,
Neue deutsche Baukunst
, 12.

247
“when these gentlemen:
Parparov,
Hitler Book
, 36.

248
Yarnall saw some of Heydrich’s staff:
FLA Yarnall, “Factual Notes,” in FSC/GE/5.

248
In general only the mothers were there:
Gertrude Scholz says that no parents were present; she was there. See Elfriede Schmidt,
1938 . . . Und was dann?
(Thaur bei Innsbruck, 1988), 201.

248
When war broke out, 650 cases:
Darton,
Friends Committee
, 50–51.

249
Gentile foster parents:
Rosenkranz,
Verfolgung
, 182.

249
he explained “that, since the money:
FLA Germany Files, GE9, Ethel Houghton to Bernard Lawson, February 4, 1939.

249
By the end of the year, the Jews:
Hilberg,
Destruction
, 1:125–126.

250
Ribbentrop, for his part:
Conwell-Evans,
None So Blind
, 116.

250
There was a comic scene:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 229.

250
Ribbentrop conceded that no one:
DGFP, D IV, 481.

250
He met Rublee:
Mendelsohn and Detwiler,
Holocaust,
6:22; DGFP, D IV, 351.

250
In the event of his losing:
Sir Frederick Leith-Ross,
Money Talks: Fifty Years of International Finance
(London, 1958), 254.

251
German acceptance of the scheme:
McClure
, Rublee
, 269–274.

251
Employment was only to be granted:
PRO W16643, December 17, 1938. Hoare to Josiah Wedgwood,
Bulletin of the Coordinating Committee for Refugees
, February 1939.

252
It was not apparent:
PRO 371, House of Lords Debates, December 14, 1938.

252
One S. C. Leslie:
PRO W16614/48, December 16, 1938.

252
Tanganyika and British Guiana:
PRO W16580 45.

252
on December 7 Jewish refugees:
PRO T15833 580 635, December 7, 1938.

252
The Dutch closed their borders:
Rosenkranz,
Verfolgung
, 186.

252
“Permission to enter Switzerland:
PRO W1 6645/94, December 17, 1938.

252
“In the course of July there was:
PRO W1 6645, December 17, 1938.

252
Since October 4, German non-Aryans:
PRO W1 6645, December 17, 1938.

253
The aim was to prevent any congress:
Jeremy Noakes, “Social Outcasts in the Third Reich,” in
Life in the Third Reich
, ed. Richard Bessel (Oxford, 1987), 90.

253
The text darkly hints:
Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wipperman,
The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945
(Cambridge, 1991), 120–121.

253
A cartoon in
Der Stürmer
:
Der
Stürmer
50, December 1938.

253
“The Jew Jesus, everything spiritual:
Klemperer,
Tagebücher
, 448.

253
“This was signed by a former Imperial:
Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 164.

254
A drunken Commandant Rödl:
Reich and Reich,
Zweier Zeugen Mund
, 253–255.

254
He left Graz in February 1943:
Döw–Akten 20000/R244. Judgment of the Volksgericht, Berlin, September 15, 1939, 1 J 172/38g; Auschwitz Sterbe-Index Nr 10163/1943.

255
He was sentenced:
Judith Fels-Margulies,
Anmerkungen
, in an otherwise untitled and undated document.

255
It would mean the conquest:
Tooze,
Wages
, 283.

255
“tough polemic against America.”:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 245.

255
Others have seen the “prophecy”:
Kershaw,
Final Solution
, 109.

255
He took solace:
Schuschnigg,
Requiem
, 85.

256
“for the brave little lady.”:
Groscurth
, Tagebücher
, 163.

256
“and so to bed:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 226.

AFTERWORD

258
the half-sister of Princess Stephanie:
Stephanie was the result of a liaison between Gina’s father and Stephanie’s mother. Stephanie’s father was in prison at the time.

258
“Never have I been in such:
Kaus,
Und was für ein Leben
, 184.

258
the Trieste-born Gentile Otto Kaus:
Kaus was killed in an air raid on Berlin.