1434 (47 page)

Reti, Ladislao, 179–81

Revolutionibus orbium coelestieum, De
(Copernicus), 245, 246

Ribero, Diego, 272, 275

rice, 199, 201–4, 205, 209, 214, 252, 253, 257, 267

Richard, Helene, 127

Ringman, Matthias, 117

Roberti, Ercole, 76

rockets, 221, 222, 253

Rodrigues, Francisco, 239

Rodriguez Cabrillo, Juan, 263

Rogers, F. M., 77, 78–79

Roman Empire, Romans, xv–xvi, 85, 132, 176, 187, 201, 253, 254

Rome, 52, 86, 87, 134, 158, 164, 182, 204, 213

Ronsin, Albert, 115, 117–18, 127

Roriz, Martinez de, 94

Rorqual
, HMS, 12, 81

Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María, 273, 274

Royal Navy, 12, 14, 138, 152

Rubruck, William of, 73

Ruggiero, Marino, 242

Ruiz, Bartholome, 274

 

sacrifice, ritual, 275

sailors, 20

Saint Mark's Basilica, 64, 75–76, 77

Saladin, 54–55

Salvestrini family, 181

San Antonio
, xi

Sandaucourt, Jean-Basin de, 117

San Lorenzo, Church of, 89, 90,
91
, 92–93, 137, 159, 160

Santa Maria del Fiore, Cathedral of, 83–84, 92–93, 136, 137–38, 140, 155, 158

Santiago, Order of, 284–85

Santinello, Giovanni, 158

Santini, Paolo, 223

Scaglia, Gustina, 182, 183, 186–87

Scaglieri family, 214

Schöner, Johannes, xii, 98, 99–100, 101, 103–4, 107–8, 109, 110, 112–14, 121, 131, 165

Schroeter, J. Fr., 152

Scott, Captain, 131

Self, A. G., 98

Sesostris, 51

Sévérac, Jordan de, 73

Seville Cathedral, 151

Sforza, Francesco, 210–11, 212

Sforza, Galeazzo, 201

Shah Rokh, 5

Shan Hai Ching Kuang Chu, 171

Shanhai Yudi Quantu
, 128, 129, 130

Shapiro, Sheldon, 202–3

Sheban, 19

sheep, 278, 282, 285

Shen Kua, 209, 231, 232

Shih Hsu Pai, 220–21

ships, shipbuilding

Arab, 81

astrologers and geomancers on, 41

Chinese, 11–15, 39–40, 41–42, 273–74

in Chinese ports, 40, 95, 119

designs of, 183, 236–37

in Florence, 84

from India, 39–40

interpreters on, 15, 16, 41

locks for, 196, 202, 204, 207–9, 211–14, 253

Spanish, 286

in Venetian ports, 74–75

weapons on, 220–21, 222,
224, 227

see also
boat, paddle-wheel; junks, Chinese;
specific ships

Shu-shu Chiu-chang
, 16, 148–49, 161, 162–63

Shu Xian, 47

Shuyu Zhouzi Lu
(Yan), 18, 133

Siderius nuncius
[Starry messenger] (Galileo), 249

silk, 40, 44, 46, 52, 57, 65, 73, 74, 76, 81, 87, 197–201, 204–5, 214, 272, 275

Silk Road, 69

silver

from the Andes, 253, 274, 275, 284

in Cairo markets, 55, 57

Chinese trade in, 197

as currency, 19, 133, 134

gold and, 115

in Saint-Dié, 115

Sima Qian, 169

Simocatta, Theophylactis, 132

sine tables, 143, 243–44

Sixtus V, pope, 224

slaves, female, 20, 45, 46, 68, 70, 81, 82, 86–87

Soderini, Gonfalier Pier, 117

solar system, 90–91, 157, 159, 176, 243, 245

see also specific parts of the solar system

Song dynasty, 15, 22, 46, 134, 219, 220

South America

Asian chickens in, 252

Croatian expedition to, 67

Guadelupe Virgin image in, 284

Incas in, 287

Magellan's expedition to, 101, 130

maps of, 77, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 127, 128, 129, 238, 242

snails from, 252

sweet potatoes from, 252

wrecked Chinese junks in, 269–77

see also
America; New World; North America

Southern Cross, 240

South Pole, 131

Souza Tavares, Francis de, 78

Spain, Spanish, 253, 278–88

Spencer, John, 216–17

Speyer, Johanne von, 235

Spice Islands, 130, 239, 240

spices, 57, 58, 65, 74, 94, 95, 97, 119, 120, 122, 125, 240

Spini family, 87

squares, 15, 16

Sri Lanka, 38, 40, 42

“Starry Night” (software), 90, 150–51

stars, 27–28, 29–38, 42, 43, 90–91, 92, 93, 108, 135, 137, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 157, 243, 247

steel, 14, 214, 216–19, 223, 227, 252

Steele, Harvey, 266

Stock, Manuel, 240

Strabo, 51

Strozzi family, 89

Sui dynasty, 207, 231

Sumatra, 42

sun, 25–26, 27, 29–38, 43, 90–91, 92, 135, 137–39, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146–48, 149, 150, 151, 153–54, 156, 158, 159, 160, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253

sundials, 145

Sung dynasty, 54, 168, 169, 221, 226

surveying, 16, 149, 157, 159, 163, 164–65, 183

sweet potatoes, 252

Swerdlow, Noel M., 245, 246, 247

 

Tabula
(Regiomontanus), 108

Tabulae diretorium
(Copernicus), 244

Taccola, Mariano di Jacopo “the Jackdaw,” 181–87

Alberti and, 158, 212, 213

on Chinese inventions, 161, 163, 164, 189–94, 202–3, 204, 209, 211, 216, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 254

di Georgio and, xiv, 182, 184–87, 211, 212

Leonardo da Vinci and, xiv, 195–96, 212

Tafur, Piero, 44

Taicang stele, 9, 13

Tai Peng Wang, xiii, 17, 27–28, 37, 40, 42, 45, 132

Talks at Fisherman's Rock
(Shih), 220–21

Tamburlaine, 54

Tang dynasty, 8, 9, 54, 197, 206, 207, 219, 231

Tang Xiren, 37, 42

Ta-Yen rule, 148–49, 161

Tazi merchant, 46

teak, 11

telescope, 145, 249, 250

Tello, Julio, 273

Temple, Robert, 207, 221

theft, 57

Thompson, Gunnar, 66, 128, 129

Tian Wen Shu
, 18

Tibet, 77, 82, 207

Tierra del Fuego, 126, 131, 279

time, Chinese calculation of, 36–37

Times Atlas of World Exploration, The
, xii

torquetum, 34
, 140, 142, 143, 145, 154, 158

Toscanelli, Paolo, xiv, 83, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94–100, 101, 104, 107, 109, 113, 114, 118–26, 127, 128, 130, 134, 136–40, 142, 143, 147, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 182, 238, 242, 243, 248, 251, 254

Trattato manuscripts, 179–80, 181, 193, 195, 203, 204, 211

Travels of the Infante, Dom Pedro of Portugal, The
(Rogers), 77–78

trebuchet,
225

triangles, right-angle, 16

trigonometry, 15, 16, 18, 26, 136, 143, 147, 158, 163, 183, 244

Tso Chuan
, 167

tsunami, 259–68, 269–70, 276–77

Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard
(Bryant), 259–60

Tupac Yupanqui, 273, 275, 276

Tuscany, 20, 82, 86–87, 157, 200, 224

see also
Florence

 

Uhle, Max, 273

Ulugh Begh, 139

Uzielli, Gustavo, 98, 121, 147

 

Valdivia, Pedro de, 280

Vancouver, George, 265

Vancouver Island, 74, 264–66, 267, 268–69

Vecci, Giustizieri, 235

Veneziano, Antonio, 76

Venice, Venetians, 77–82

Alexandria route to, 69, 70, 71, 72–73

Chinese female slaves in, 68

Chinese trade with, 38, 73, 242–43

Croatian coast controlled by, 241–42

DNA of, 69, 71

Eugenius IV born in, 96

Florence and, 86, 198

galleys built and manned by, 41, 71–72

Ottoman navy defeated by, 92

patent law in, 200–201

Piedmont and, 215

printing in, 234–37

silk industry in, 200–201, 204

spice trade with, 58

wealth of, 64–65, 74–76, 85, 157

see also specific sites; specific Venetians

Verona, 76, 79, 80, 198, 199, 200, 214–15

Vespucci, Amerigo, 38, 89, 112, 117–18, 127, 129, 130, 139, 140, 151, 152, 243

Vicenza, 76, 198, 200

Vienna, Austrian National Library in, 108

Viracocha, emperor of the Incas, 280

Visconti, Filippo, 210

Visconti family, 89

Vitruvius, 187

 

Waldseemüller, Martin, xi, xii, 99, 103, 106–7, 110–28, 129, 165, 238, 265

Walther, Bernard, 108

Wang Chen, 168, 188, 201

Wang Gui, 19

Wang Heng, 13

Wang Jinghong, xv, 7, 13, 43

Wang Qi, 129

Wang Zhen, 232

Washington Potters, 268

water clock, Chinese, 36–37

water levels, 16

weapons, 21, 41, 45–46, 171–74, 175, 182, 187, 219–30, 237, 253

see also specific weapons

weavers, weaving, 134, 200

Wertime, Theodore A., 217–18

wheat, 52, 201

White, Lynn, 82, 177

Whyte, Adele, 258–59

Wieser, Franz Von, 66

Wollongong University, 260, 261

wool, 86, 87, 200, 275, 280, 282

wrecks, of Chinese junks, 10

on American west coast, 263–64, 266–70

in Australia, 262–63

in Japan, xiv, 221

machines for lifting, xiv in New Zealand, 257, 258, 259–62

in Western Canada, 263–65

Wu-ching Tsung-yao
, 21, 204, 226

Wu Ti, 197

Wu Zheng, 19

Wu Zhong, 13

 

Xheng He, 123–24

Xia Yuanji, 5

Xi Feilong, 37, 42

Xi Longfei, 10

Ximénes, Leonardo, 138

Xiyu Shu
, 18

Xi Zezong, 26, 250

Xuan De, emperor of China, xiii, xv, 6, 7, 8, 14, 19, 20, 22, 24, 41–42, 45, 81, 124, 235, 265–66

Xuanzong Shi-lu
, 7

 

Yan Congjian, 18, 133

Yang, emperor of China, 207

Yang Xi, 37, 42

Yang Yao, 22

Yang Zhen, 13

Yen, Prince of, 4

see also
Zhu Di, emperor of China

Yongle, 4, 17

see also
Zhu Di, emperor of China

Yongle Dadian
, 14–16, 164, 233

Yoshamya, Mitjel, 67, 68

You Ton, 47

Yuan dynasty, 4, 17, 18, 23, 24, 54, 129, 132, 135, 220, 232, 268

Yuan shi-lu
, 24, 135

Yu Lizi, 132

Yung Lo, 54, 266

see also
Zhu Di, emperor of China

 

Zaiton, 95, 119, 122

Zatta, Antonio, 74, 265

Zhang Da, 13

Zhang Xing Gang, 48

Zhanzon, emperor of China, 220

Zhao Ruqua, 46, 134

Zheng Ah Li, 18

Zheng He

achievements of, 7–8, 9–10

as ambassador, bearing gifts, 19–20, 24, 27, 28, 238, 241

America expedition, 71, 129–31, 239

Arabs and, 40

astronomical knowledge imparted by, 243

Cairo expedition, 42, 47, 48, 55, 56, 57, 59, 72

2002 conference on, 239

Conti and, 44, 79

on Dalmatian coast, 65, 66, 67, 70

death of, 43

fleet destroyed by a tsunami, 257, 258–77

fleet preparations, 3–4, 6, 10–14, 134

Florence expedition, 70, 123–24, 134–35, 161, 176, 197, 233

in Hormuz, 48

India journey, 42, 43–44

language school established by, 124

Ma Huan historian of, 43–44, 79

in Mecca, 47

as a Muslim, 18–19, 45, 56, 124

navigational aids of, 17, 18, 27–28, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 128, 129, 139–40, 149–51, 238, 241, 272

pope and, 123–24, 134–35, 243

printing during time of, 40, 187–88, 233, 235–36

religious tolerance observed by, 124

route of, 42–43

silk during the time of, 197

sponsorship of, xv, 4, 6, 7, 9–10

tomb of, 80

Venice expedition, 70, 71, 75, 81, 209, 222, 223, 235–36

weapons on ships of, 41, 222, 223

Yongle Dadian
and, 15–16, 164, 233

Zhou Man, 13

Zhou Xin Yan, 26, 250

Zhu Di, emperor of China, xiii, 3, 4–5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 45, 47, 54, 80, 124, 132, 133, 134, 232–33, 265–66

Zhufan Zhi
(Zhao), 134

Zhu Gaozhi, 5–6

Zhu Liang, 13

Zhu Siben, 125, 128

Zhu Zhanji, emperor of China, 6, 41–42, 135

see also
Xuan De, emperor of China

Zhu Zhen, 13

Zinner, Ernst, 98, 149, 150, 153–54, 243, 244, 245

Zonghua, 47

Zuilkarnain, 48