The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (163 page)

of 1886, 196

of 1888, 211–12

of 1892, 79, 226, 247, 248, 254, 255

of 1896, 289–90, 292

of 1898, 331, 333–36

of 1900, 294, 355–56, 373–76,
375

of 1904, 61, 389, 406, 422, 502, 507, 524, 527, 553, 568, 572–77,
573
, 597

of 1906, 667–68

of 1908, 576, 773, 776–77, 780, 782, 785–87, 792, 795

of 1912, 94–95, 119, 783
n
, 816–17

electricity, 258

elephants, 647–48, 740, 763

Elfrida
(yacht), 390, 392

Eliot, Charles William, 45, 103, 123, 578

Eli Yale (macaw), 449

Elkhorn Ranch, 6, 169–72, 177–80, 191, 193–95, 198, 247, 258
n
, 767

cattle at, 172, 179

closing of, 289, 315

as “cradle of conservation,” 194

description of, 189

“grand holiday” in, 230, 232, 234

“Elk-Hunt at Two-Ocean Pass, An” (Roosevelt), 250

Elkins Act (1903), 807

elks, 47, 76, 150, 165, 195, 199, 205, 213, 230, 249–50, 257, 373, 382–83, 420–21

Alaska, 385

Bighorns, 173, 174

Bronx Zoo, 279, 420–21

Colorado, 380, 381

conservation of, 4, 6, 19, 183, 201–2, 206, 235, 307, 406, 411

repopulation of, 629

Roosevelt, 305–7, 646

round-horned (wapati), 265, 306

slaughter of, 189, 201

in Yellowstone, 270, 305, 382–83, 429, 502, 505–6, 510, 511

Ellenbrook, Edward Charles, 603

Elliot, Daniel G., 38, 45, 416–17, 810

Elliott, Jack, 135

Elliott, John, 60, 63–64

Elliott, Maud, 60

El Morro, 670, 671, 688

El Yunque National Forest, 448

emancipationist memory, 41

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 22, 53, 101, 273, 369–70, 530, 783

Muir’s relationship with, 540, 541

self-reliance and, 331, 350

Emmons, George T., 470–72, 564

England, 54–55, 102

“English Sparrow in America, The” (Barrow), 214

Erdrich, Louise, 19

Ethiopia, 561, 577

eugenics, 285n, 349, 657, 661

Evans-Hatch, Gail, 760
n

Evans-Hatch, Michael, 760
n

“Eve of St. Agnes, The” (Keats), 111

Everglades, 320, 493–94

scheme for draining of, 734–36, 743

Evidence of Man’s Place in Nature
(Huxley), 64

evolution, 7, 8, 23–26, 28, 43, 60–61,
62
, 63–64, 98, 245, 247, 276, 350–51, 352, 369, 430, 777, 781, 812

of birds, 97, 474

of eels, 91

Harvard and, 102, 103

of humans, 388–89

Huxley’s defense of, 25

micro-, 704–5

by natural selection, 23, 60, 64, 318

sociobiology and, 349

executive branch, lawsuit against, 678–79

Executive Orders, 17, 20, 519, 571, 616, 631, 633, 689, 741, 748, 776

bird reservations (1907–1908) and, 712, 719, 721, 723, 726, 728, 737, 738, 743, 747

bird reservations (1909) and, 796–800

of Harrison, 77

Pelican Island and, 13–16, 17, 491–92, 493

Exploration and Empire
(Goetzmann), 75

Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, The
(Powell), 290

Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, The
(Darwin), 24, 47

Exuberance
(Jamison), 123

“Fable for Critics, A” (Lowell), 227

Fairbanks, Charles W., 573–74,
573

“fair chase” doctrine, 195, 201

Fall, Albert, 198

Farabee, Charles R., Jr., 398

Farallones Egg Company, 789

Farallon Islands, 242, 789, 801

Far and Near
(Burroughs), 369

Farragut, David, 312

Faulkner, Charles, 269

Faulkner, William,
436
, 444

feathers, 7, 90

ornamental use of, 2, 9–11, 14, 18, 320, 366, 488, 496, 548–49, 551, 571, 710, 727, 728, 729, 731, 739, 742, 745

Feathers and Bird Protection
(Doughty), 10

Feather Wars, 18, 367, 477, 490, 494, 496–99, 730

“Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park, The” (Muir), 235

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 (1938), 361

Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook,
365

Fellowcraft Club, 217–18, 222–23, 368

Ferguson, Robert B., 249

Ferguson, Robert Munro, 230, 233, 234

Ferguson, Thompson B., 596

Ferris, Joe, 154–60, 162, 163, 168, 169, 170, 197, 232, 641

marriage of, 191

Ferris, Sylvane, 155, 157, 162, 170, 232, 641

Elkhorn Ranch given to, 315

Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 656

Few Trails, 275

Field Museum of Chicago, 417, 762, 763, 800

Fight for Conservation, The
(Pinchot and Garfield), 6, 805

Fighting the Insects
(Howard), 772–73

Fillmore, Millard, 49

finches, 58, 59, 358

fingerprinting, 571

Finley, Eileen, 716

Finley, William L., 548–52,
549
, 553, 579, 715–18, 720, 743–49,
744
, 778, 800

Darling influenced by, 741

Three Arch Rocks and,
549
, 550–51, 715–18, 744

Finley Rock, 749

Finnegan (thief), 192–93,
192

Fire Island, 89–90, 562

fires, 190, 236, 339, 664, 765

firewood, chopping of, 179,
793

First Book of Geology, The
(Shaler), 103

First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, 313, 324, 334

fish, 25, 37, 109, 390

conservation of, 80–90, 144, 202, 235

see also specific kinds of fish

Fish, Hamilton, 80

Fish, Stuyvesant, 432

Fish and Fisheries Commission, U.S., 90, 144

Fish and Wildlife Refuge Service, U.S., 570–71

Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S., 320, 448–49, 539, 567, 629, 706, 743, 745

Oregon and, 748, 749

see also
National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S.

Fish Commission, U.S.,
Reports
of, 86

fish-crows, 108

Fisher, Walter K., 798

Fish Hatching and Fish Catching
(R. B. Roosevelt and Green), 89, 648

fishhawk, 98–99

fishing, fishermen, 84–88, 91–92, 242, 360, 714, 722

in Florida, 728

haul-seining, 489

of pelicans, 474, 475

Fishing and Shooting Sketches
(Cleveland), 293

Fisk, Nelson, 391

Fitzgerald, C. W., 761

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 285
n

Five Acres Too Much
(R. B. Roosevelt), 79, 102

Five Cities
(Leighton), 290

Five Civilized Tribes, 587

Flagler, Henry, 721, 734–35, 802

flamingos, 10, 742

Flathead Reservation, 628

Flathead Reserve, 291, 295, 810

Flattery Rocks, 714, 718–21

floods, 693–94, 715

Florida, 9–18, 51, 128, 361, 474–501, 586, 721–43

Audubon in, 4, 89, 481, 710, 724

bird breeding and nesting grounds in, 3, 359, 481–82

bird preservation in, 7, 11–12, 13–18, 17, 20, 358, 364–67, 474–77, 479–83, 490–501, 721–31, 737–41, 803

botany of, 319

Burroughs in, 722

coral reefs in, 724, 726–27

extinct species in, 320
n

Indian River region in, 7, 16, 17, 320, 474, 476–84

Job’s book on birds of, 708–12,
711
, 716, 721, 725, 727

Muir in, 483, 540

national forest in, 736–37

Panhandle of, 736–37

R.B.R. in, 89

T.R. in, 12, 18, 319–21

wildlife refuges in, 742

Florida and the Game Water-Birds of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States
(R. B. Roosevelt and Green), 12, 89, 91, 320, 648, 722, 724

Florida Audubon Society (FAS), 12, 364–65, 367, 447, 476, 725, 739

Kroegel and, 482, 490, 493, 495

McLeod and, 730, 731

Florida Keys, 4, 321, 708, 710

Foote, Hunger L., 434, 438–39, 585

Foote, Shelby, 434

“Foraging Ant, The” (Roosevelt), 28–29

Forbush, Edward Howe, 568–69

Ford, Gerald, 757

Ford, Henry, 219, 802

Forest and Stream,
83, 183–86, 185, 188, 202, 204, 207, 278, 309, 562, 767

Burroughs attacked in, 517–18, 555

Chapman’s letter to, 2

founding of, 360

Grinnell’s editorials in, 19n, 188, 264, 340

Grinnell’s standard at, 213

subscribers to, 246–47

T.R.’s letter in, 248, 249

T.R.’s work reviewed in, 184–86, 266

Yellowstone and, 232, 248, 269, 517

Forest and the Sea
(Bates), 723

Forester, Frank,
see
Herbert, Henry William

forest rangers, 295, 331, 398–401, 664

in Adirondacks, 393, 394

classifications of, 398

in Grand Canyon, 398

Forest Reserve Act (1891), 237–40, 242, 244–49, 259, 284, 288, 290

forest reserves, 579, 676–81, 736, 741, 805–6

Bliss’s views on, 320

cartoons in promotion of,
451

Cleveland’s creation of, 290–94, 342

Crowded Hour Reserves and, 777–79

Harrison’s creation of, 238

map of,
820–21

Pinchot and, 294–95, 340–46, 353, 372, 579, 675, 676, 678, 680, 803

in T.R.’s annual message, 406, 409–11

see also specific reserves

Forestry Bureau, U.S., 411, 422

Forestry Commission, U.S., 542

Forest Service, U.S., 239, 244, 341–42, 387, 448–49, 469, 579–80, 616, 624, 632, 635, 663–65, 764, 789, 805

Crowded Hour Reserves and, 777, 779

Everglades drainage scheme and, 735

Norris’s denunciation of, 772

Smokey the Bear and, 465, 468

Taft and, 793, 803

“Forests of the White Mountains, The” (Parkman), 229

“Forever Wild” movement, 308

Fort Brewerton, 414

Fortesque, Bill, 600

Fort Jefferson, 724

Fort McKinney, 175

Fort Niobrara Military Reservation, 627, 629

Fort Sill, Okla., 590–91, 595, 596

fossils, 25, 44, 45, 416

Four Corners, 415, 631, 644–45, 650, 764–65

Fox, John, 327

France, 19, 37, 44, 140, 340, 507, 593, 804

Badlands and, 153, 156

Francis, Saint, 22

Frear, Walter, 800

Frederick, Okla., 600–601

Free Trade Club dinner, 149–51

French and Indian Wars, 399

French Frigate Shoals, 798

Fresh Pond, 104, 123

Friedrich, Albert, 314

Fries, J. O., 490

frontier, closing of, 240–44, 591

Frontier in American History, The
(Turner), 241

Front Range, 342, 343, 410, 508

Fuller, Margaret, 353

Fulton, Charles, 676–79, 683–84, 717

Fulton, Robert, 695

Gable, John Allen, 406

Galápagos Islands, 7, 23, 430, 780

Gamble, Robert J., 462

Game and Bird Preserves Protection Act (Refuge Trespass Act; 1906), 717

Game Birds of the Coasts and Lakes of the Northern States of America
(R. B. Roosevelt), 85

Game Fish of the Northern States of America, and British Provinces
(R. B. Roosevelt), 84

“Game Laws” (Whitehead), 286

Game Management
(Leopold), 715

game preserves, map of,
818–19

see also specific game preserves

Gardner, John Nance, 376

Gardner Pinnacles, 798

Garfield, Helen Newell, 673

Garfield, James A., 1, 138, 140, 392, 536, 569, 674

Garfield, James Rudolph, 569, 673–76, 679, 752, 790, 804, 813

Pinchot’s co-authorship with, 805

Taft’s dismissal of, 794, 803

Garland, Hamlin, 274, 385–86

Garrard, Lewis H., 184

Garrett, Pat, 192, 466, 623

Garrod, Alfred Henry, 722

Geer v. Connecticut
, 388

geese, Egyptian, 58

General Grant National Park, 271, 286, 399, 450, 459n, 541, 752

creation of, 236

protection of, 444

General Laws, Chapter 31 of, 372

Geographical Survey, 422

Geological Survey, U.S., 74–75, 96, 215, 237, 288, 302, 309, 387, 397, 415, 462, 632, 649, 675, 690

Crater Lake and, 455, 459, 460

creation of, 75, 450

Irrigation Survey in, 238

George, Lake, 40, 414

Georgia, 32, 34, 268, 667, 731, 733

Germany, 25, 285n, 339–40, 593, 788, 804

bear toys in, 443

Kroegel in, 477–78

T.R. in, 37, 60,
62
, 63, 65, 102