The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (149 page)

48.
“Notes and News,”
New York Times
(May 3, 1902), BR 14.

49.
Washington Times
(June 22, 1902).

50.
T. S. Van Dyke, “The Hills of San Bernardino,”
Californian,
Vol. 4, No. 21 (September 1881), p. 220.

51.
T. S. Van Dyke,
County of San Diego: The Italy of Southern California
(National City, Calif.: National City Record Steam Print, 1887).

52.
T. S. Van Dyke, “Those Four WildCats with One Bullet,”
Forest and Stream
(November 17, 1881), p. 309.

53.
“Arctic Travel Record Broken,”
New York Times
(September 18, 1899), p. 2.

54.
Ibid.

55.
T.R., T. S. Van Dyke, D. G. Elliot, and A. J. Stone,
The Deer Family
(New York: Macmillan, 1902), “Foreword.”

56.
John Spears, “All about Deer by President and Others,”
New York Times
(May 31, 1902), p. BR9.

57.
T.R. et al.,
The Deer Family
, p. 117.

58.
T.R.,
Outdoor Pastimes of An American Hunter
, p. 188.

59.
T.R. et al.,
The Deer Family
, p. 27.

60.
Ibid., pp. 134–135.

61.
William T. Hornaday,
Popular Official Guide to the New York Zoological Park,
17th ed. (New York: New York Zoological Society, 1899), p. 57.

62.
Alden Sampson, “The Creating of Game Preserves,” in George Bird Grinnell (ed.),
American Big Game in Its Haunts
(New York: Forest and Stream, 1904), p. 41.

63.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
, p. 419.

64.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist
, p. 167.

65.
Donald Worster,
Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West
(New York: Pantheon, 1985), pp. 169–171.

66.
Gould,
The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt,
p. 41.

67.
Works,
Mem. Ed., Vol. 15, p. 558.

68.
Donald J. Pisani, “A Tale of Two Commissioners: Frederick H. Newell and Floyd Dominy,” presented at
History of the Bureau of Reclamation: A Symposium,
Las Vegas, Nev. (June 18, 2002).

69.
T.R. to Ethan Allen Hitchcock (June 17, 1902).

70.
T.R. to James Wilson (July 2, 1902).

71.
T.R.,
An Autobiography,
p. 408.

72.
“President Roosevelt’s First Message.”

73.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist,
p. 168.

74.
David Dary,
Frontier Medicine: From the Atlantic to the Pacific, 1492–1941
(New York: Knopf, 2008), p. 222.

75.
T.R.,
Works
, Mem. Ed. Vol. 22, pp. 450–452.

76.
T.R. quoted in Lawrence H. Budner, “Hunting, Ranching, and Writing” in Natalie A. Naylor, Douglas Brinkley, and John Allen Gable (eds.),
Theodore Roosevelt: Many Sided American
(Interlaken, N.Y.: Hart of the Lakes, 1992), pp. 161–169.

77.
Brands,
T.R.: The Last Romantic
, p. 448.

78.
Steven E. Siry, “President Theodore Roosevelt’s Brush with Death in 1902,”
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2002), p. 5.

79.
“President’s Landau Struck by a Car,”
New York Times
(September 4, 1902), p. 1.

80.
Bob Terrell, “Roosevelt’s Visit a ‘Red-Letter Day’ in Asheville’s History,”
Asheville Citizen-Times
(April 9, 2000). Also see “Last Day in Dixie,”
The Washington Post,
September 11, 1902), p. 1.

81.
Ovid Butler (ed.),
Carl Alwin Schenck, The Birth of Forestry in America: Biltmore Forestry School, 1898–1913
(Santa Cruz, Calif.: Forestry History Society, 1974).

82.
George W. Vanderbilt letter, Biltmore Company Archives, Presidential Visit File, Asheville, N.C.

83.
T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (September 1908).

84.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist,
pp. 89–99.

85.
T.R. to John Pitcher (October 24, 1902).

86.
Nature’s Economy
, pp. 125–129.

87.
Ibid., pp. 167–171.

16: T
HE
G
REAT
M
ISSISSIPPI
B
EAR
H
UNT AND
S
AVING THE
P
UERTO
R
ICAN
P
ARROT

1.
“Coal Miners Declare the Big Strike Off; Arbitration Plan Accepted by a Unanimous Vote,”
New York Times
(October 22, 1902), p. 1.

2.
Paul Schullery,
American Bears: Selections from the Writings of Theodore Roosevelt
(Boulder, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart, 1997), p. 10.

3.
“President on Hunting Trip Near Bull Run, Virginia,”
New York Times
(November 2, 1902), p. 5.

4.
William F. Holmes,
The White Chief: James Kimble Vardaman
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1975), pp. 105–111.

5.
“Lily White’ Plan to Boom Mr. Hanna,”
New York Times
(November 17, 1902), p. 1.

6.
T.R. to Stuyvesant Fish (November 6, 1902).

7.
Lewis L. Gould,
The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991), p. 42.

8.
Clarence Gohdes,
Hunting in the Old South: Original Narratives of the Hunters
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, 1967), p xii.

9.
Minor Ferris Buchanan,
Holt Collier: His Life, His Roosevelt Hunts, and the Origin of the Teddy Bear
(Jackson, Miss.: Centennial, 2002), p. 157. This is a fine biography. Buchanan, a litigation attorney in Jackson, Mississippi, helped me understand the great Mississippi bear hunt of 1902 in many
ways. All my writing on Holt Collier has been influenced by his research.

10.
Author interview with Shelby Foote (April 6, 1997), New Orleans.

11.
Buchanan,
Holt Collier
, p. xiii.

12.
Ibid., pp. 3–150.

13.
“A Brief History of African Americans and Forests,”
Celebrating a Century of Service, A Glance at the Agency’s History U.S. Forestry Service
, Issue 25, Bi-Weekly Postings, U.S. Forest Service, International Programs Archives, Washington, D.C.

14.
Buchanan,
Holt Collier
, p. 140.

15.
“Bears in Combine,”
Washington Post
(November 18, 1902), p. 1.

16.
“The President’s Sunday,”
New York Times
(November 17, 1902), p. 1.

17.
John Parker to Judge J. M. Dickerson (February 26, 1924).

18.
T.R. to Philip Bathell Stewart (November 24, 1902).

19.
Author interview, Tweed Roosevelt (February 11, 1998).

20.
Author interview with Tweed Roosevelt (May 17, 1999).

21.
T.R. to Philip Bathell Stewart (November 24, 1902).

22.
Edmund Morris,
Theodore Rex
(New York: Random House, 2001), p. 172.

23.
Buchanan,
Holt Collier
, pp. 179–180.

24.
“Snub the President,”
New York Times
(November 18, 1902), p. 1.

25.
Gregory Wilson, “How the Teddy Bear Got His Name,”
Washington Post Potomac
(November 30, 1969), pp. 33–35.

26.
Douglas Brinkley, “The Myth of the Great Bear Hunt,”
Oxford American
, Issue 36 (November/December 2000), pp. 116–121.

27.
Peter Bull,
The Teddy Bear Book
(New York: Random House, 1970). The information I give here is a synthesis from this work.

28.
T.R. to Clifford Berryman (January 14, 1908).

29.
H. Paul Jeffers,
Roosevelt the Explorer: Teddy Roosevelt’s Amazing Adventures as a Naturalist, Conservationist, and Explorer
(Lanham, Md.: Taylor Trade, 2003), p. 125.

30.
T.R.,
Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter
(New York: Macmillan, 1908), p. 366. Second Edition.

31.
Buchanan,
Holt Collier,
p. xi.

32.
William Faulkner, “The Bear,” in
Go Down, Moses, and Other Stories
(New York: Random House, 1942).

33.
T.R. to John Moulder Wilson (December 9, 1902).

34.
El Yanque National Forest
(Greendale, Indiana: The Creative Company, 1996), p. 8.

35.
Kathyrn Robinson,
Where Dwarfs Reign: A Tropical Rainforest in Puerto Rico
(San Juan: Editorial de la Puerto Rico, 1977), p. 186.

36.
T.R., “Naturalist’s Tropical Laboratory,”
Scribner’s Magazine
(January 1917), Vol. 1, LXI, No. 1, p. 53 and see Gerald D. Lindsey, Wayne J. Arendt, Jan Kolina, and Gray W. Pendleton, “Home Range and Movements of Juvenile Puerto Rican Parrots,”
The Journal of Wildlife Management
, Vol. 55, No. 2 (April 1991), pp. 318–322.

37.
Theodore Roosevelt Executive Order—Reserving Miraflores Island in Puerto Rico (July 22, 1902). (Transcript.)
38
. T.R. to Gifford Pinchot (November 28, 1906), LC, Series 2, Vol. 618, Reel 343, p. 398.

39.
Joseph Wallace,
A Gathering of Wonders: Behind the Scenes at the American Museum of Natural History
(New York: St. Martin’s, 2000), p. 39.

40.
Congressional Record, Senate,
S 4302 (April 22, 2004), Library of Congress.

41.
T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (January 23, 1904).

42.
T.R. to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (November 1, 1901).

43.
“Pets in the White House,”
Zion’s Herald
(February 24, 1909), p. 240.

17: C
RATER
L
AKE AND
W
IND
C
AVE
N
ATIONAL
P
ARKS

1.
Quotation from the Organic Act, 16 U.S.C. §1. See also Duane Hampton,
How the U.S. Cavalry Saved Our National Parks
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971).

2.
Jay J. Wagoner,
Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political History
(Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1970), pp. 362–364.

3.
Tucson Daily Citizen
(January 23, 1902).

4.
Reports of the Department of the Interior
(Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, 1917), p. 806.

5.
Edison Pettit, “On the Color of Crater Lake Water,”
Physics: E. Pettit,
Vol. 22 (1936), pp. 139–146.

6.
Winthrop Associates Cultural Research (comp.), “Crater Lake: The Klamath Indians of Southern Oregon Cascades” (1993). (Housed in the archive at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon.)

7.
Pettit, “On the Color of Crater Lake Water.” Also J. S. Piller,
The Geology of Crater Lake National Park,
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 3 (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1902) pp. 47–48.

8.
Stephen R. Mark, “William Gladstone—Mazamas Founder (Chronology),” Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (Archive). Mark’s historical writings greatly informed this entire chapter.

9
W. G. Steel,
The Mountains of Oregon
(Portland, Ore.: David Steel, Successor to Himes the Printer, 1890), pp. 17–18.

10.
Ibid., p. 32. Also
Administrative History Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, USDI
—
National Park Service
(Denver, Colo.: National Park Service, 1988), pp. 27–28. Also see William Gladstone Steel, “Crater Lake and How to See It,”
West Shore
, Vol. 12, No. 3 (March 1886), pp. 104–106; and Alfred Runte,
National Parks: The American Experience
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997), p. 67.

11.
“Crater Lake Explored,”
New York Times
(August 30, 1886), p. 1.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Steel,
The Mountains of Oregon
, pp. 20–32.

14.
John Muir to William Gladstone Steel (October 2, 1892), Steel Letters, Box 1, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon.

15.
Stephen R. Mark, “Crater Lake: Seventeen Years to Success: John Muir, William Gladstone Steel, and the Creation of Yosemite and Crater Lake National Parks,”
Mazama,
Vol. 72, No. 13 (1990), p. 5.

16.
Ibid., p. 6.

17.
Gifford Pinchot,
Breaking New Ground
(New York: Harcourt Brace, 1947), p. 101.

18.
Timothy Egan, “Respecting Mount Rainier,”
New York Times
(August 22, 1999), p. 17.

19.
Gifford Pinchot to William Steel (February 18, 1902), in Stephen R. Mark, “Seventeen Years to Success: John Muir, William Gladstone Steel, and the Creation of Yosemite and Crater Lake National Parks,” U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Crater Lake Archives (May 2001).