The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins (48 page)

auctions,
69
,
262
,
268
–
69

automobile industry,
115

autumn aroma,
1
,
2
,
6
,
7
,
14

“babies,”
128

bacteria,
138
,
141
–
43
,
238

bamboo,
183
,
260

Basho, Matsuo,
45
,
46

bears,
45
,
247

Becket, Samuel,
257

Benjamin, Walter,
50

birch,
172

Black Ships,
110

blasted landscapes,
181
,
195
,
282

Bohr, Niels,
37
,
38

Borneo,
24
,
48
,
131

bosses, matsutake,
269
–
74

Bracero program,
99

brain mushrooms (
Gynomitra esculenta
),
174

Braudel, Fernand,
38

Brazil,
38
–
39

broadleaf trees: as matsutake host,
231
,
233
–
34
; as nemesis of pines,
6
,
7
,
49
,
151
,
157
,
169
,
171
,
185
,
202
,
258
,
260

Brown, Beverly,
254

bubble worlds,
156
,
304n5

Buddhism,
91
,
93
,
104

bulkers,
67
–
68
,
80
,
127

buyers,
77
–
78
,
80
–
83
,
91
–
92
,
124
,
271
–
72

Cage, John,
45
;
4′33″
,
46
;
Indeterminacy
,
46

Cambodians: attitudes of, toward the government,
253
; matsutake foragers,
92
,
245
; war experiences of,
87
–
89
.
See also
Khmer

candy cane (
Allotropa virgata
),
243
,
247

capitalism: alienation as feature of,
122
,
133
,
301n3
; analysis of,
61
–
62
,
133
; assemblages and,
23
; buying/selling of mushrooms as,
82
; collaborative survival hindered by,
19
; ecologies exploited by,
62
–
63
; employment situation resulting from,
3
,
109
–
10
; environmental impact of,
19
; factories as exemplar of,
62
; noncapitalist elements as part of,
66
,
122
–
23
,
133
–
34
(
see also
pericapitalist sites
); patchiness of,
5
,
61
; progress as ideology of,
5
; salvage accumulation in,
63
–
66
,
134
,
301n2
; and scalable accounting,
42
–
43
; supposed unity and homogeneity of,
65
; and translation,
62
,
133
,
301n2
; value making in,
122
; wealth accumulation in,
61
–
62

Cascade Forest Reserve,
195

Castley, Robert,
114

cedar.
See
sugi

Cham,
57

Chao La,
32
–
33

Chapela, Ignatio,
231
–
33

charcoal,
7
,
152
,
180
,
182
–
84
,
186
,
190
,
259
,
260
,
279

Cheney, Dick,
87

Chin, Vincent,
115

China: Japanese importation of lumber from,
315n24
; matsutake in,
162
,
187
–
90
,
231
,
233
–
34
,
236
,
268
–
74
,
286
–
87
,
315n24
,
321n6
,
321n10
; matsutake science in,
219
,
223
–
24
; photographs of,
10
,
26
,
145
–
47
,
178
,
226
,
250
,
266
,
276
; privatization in,
267
–
74
,
320n2
; species research in,
229
–
30

Chinese Americans,
100

Christianity: conversion to,
104
; revival movements in,
298n6
.
See also
Protestantism

Chu, Nellie,
24

citizenship,
99
,
101
–
2

Civilian Conservation Corps,
207

clear-cutting,
41
,
173
–
74
,
314n18

Cleveland, Grover,
195

codevelopment,
142

Colby, William,
32

collaborative survival: in assemblages,
23
; capitalism as danger to,
19
; components of,
20
; matsutake as exemplar of,
2
,
4
; mushroom picking as exemplar of,
19
; necessity of,
28

Collins, Jane,
66

commercial pickers,
105
,
246

commodities: gifts compared to,
122
–
23
; matsutake as,
37
,
121
,
123
–
28
,
271
; scholarship as,
285

commodity chains: defined,
296n1
; matsutake,
66
–
69
,
110
,
118
,
123
–
28
; types of,
299n10
.
See also
supply chains

commons,
78

conjunctures, local results of global,
205
–
13

Conrad, Joseph,
The Heart of Darkness
,
63

contaminated diversity,
30
–
34

contamination,
27
,
29

Convention of Kanagawa (1854),
111

copper tops (
Tricholoma focale
),
13

coppicing,
180
,
182
,
183
,
185
,
260
,
309n3
,
309n7

Cronon, William,
viii

curiosity,
2
,
6
,
21
,
144
,
281
–
82

Curran, Lisa,
138

currency,
111
,
116
–
17

cypress.
See
hinoki

Darwin, Charles,
139
,
302n1

Dawkins, Richard,
28

deer,
45
,
247

Deleuze, Gilles,
293n8

disturbance: defined,
160
; ecologies resulting from,
5
,
160
–
61
,
186
–
87
; perspectival nature of,
161

diversity: contaminated,
30
–
34
; economic,
65
–
66
; fundamental role of,
29

DNA,
140
–
41
,
143
,
229
–
31
,
236
,
304n19

dollar,
111
,
116
–
17

durian,
48

ecologies: assemblages in,
22
–
23
; capitalist exploitation,
62
–
63
; disturbance-based,
5
,
160
–
61
,
186
–
87
; fungi-based,
137
–
39
; movement of,
235
; restoration of,
151
–
52

economic diversity,
65
–
66
,
301n2

economics, neoclassical,
28

ecosystems engineering,
161
–
62

ectomycorrhizas,
138
–
39

Edo period,
6
–
7

elk,
45
,
247

encounters: central role of,
20
,
29
; contamination through,
27
; disregard for,
28
,
38
; evolution and,
141
–
43
; identity formation through,
29
; indeterminacy in,
29
,
37
,
38
,
46
–
47
; knowledge in relation to,
34
,
37
; matsutake growth resulting from,
40
; speciation and,
235
–
36
; transformation through,
20
,
28
–
29
,
46
–
47

enslaved Africans,
39

entanglement: alienation as disruption of,
5
–
6
,
133
,
255
; assemblages characterized by,
83
; biological,
137
–
44
; histories of,
168
; latent commons characterized by,
135
,
255
; living-space,
5
–
6
; matsutake foraging and,
243
,
247
–
48
; privatization involved in,
267
,
272
–
74

environment: capitalism’s impact on,
19
; human disturbance of,
3

erosion,
151
,
317n1
(Ch. 18)

ethnography,
37
,
159

evolution,
139
–
43

evolutionary developmental biology,
141
–
42

expansion: epistemological emphasis on,
22
,
29
; plantations and,
38
–
40
; progress as,
28
; scalability and,
38
–
40
; science based on,
37
–
38

exporters,
127
–
28

factories: as exemplar of capitalism,
62
; labor in,
24
; scalability and expansion of,
40

Faier, Lieba,
237

feminist anthropology,
134

fever, for mushroom picking,
40
,
75
,
79
,
132
,
242

field agents,
67
–
69
,
77
,
80
–
81
,
128

Finland: appearance of forests in,
167
; forest management in,
167
–
69
,
172
–
76
; matsutake in,
174
,
280
,
322n5
; photographs of,
166
; post-glacial growth in,
172

Finnish Forest Research Institute,
279

fire: lodgepole pines and,
200
; pines and,
169
–
70
; ponderosa pines and,
196
; swidden,
172

fire exclusion,
30
,
196
,
200
–
201
,
207
–
8
,
312n22
,
313n5

firs,
30
,
41
–
42
,
51
–
52

first nature,
viii

foragers.
See
matsutake foragers

forest management: Chinese approach to,
162
,
187
–
90
; Japanese approach to,
151
,
161
,
207
–
11
; modern approach to,
168
,
207
–
8
; national affiliations of,
218
; in Pacific Northwest,
193
–
202
; time scales in,
172
,
175
; U.S. approach to,
162
,
207
–
11

forestry,
29
–
30
,
41
–
42

forests: Chinese classification of,
320n2
; conservation of,
29
–
30
; global factors shaping,
205
–
13
; resurgence of,
179
; treated as scalable,
41
.
See also
logging and timber industry
;
peasant landscapes
;
trees

freedom: citizenship and,
101
; commodity chains and,
118
–
19
; exchange of,
126
–
27
; in matsutake picking,
68
,
75
–
77
,
79
–
80
,
82
,
94
; in mushroom buying,
126
–
27
; Southeast Asian immigrants and,
102
,
104
,
106
; trophies of,
62
,
75
,
80
,
121
,
126
; in United States,
93
–
94
; war experiences and,
85
–
90

Freidberg, Susanne,
65

Fremont, John Charles,
195

frontier romanticism,
86

Fujiwara, Mitsuo,
211

fungi: destruction of, by human intervention,
202
; growth patterns of,
137
; indeterminacy of,
47
; and interspecies relations,
137
–
39
; matsutake and,
171
; nourishment of,
137
–
38
; pines and,
170
; propagation of,
232
,
236
–
38
; species of,
230
; symbiotic attachments of,
143
–
44
; trees and,
138
–
39
,
174
–
75
,
201
; world-building activities of,
137
–
39