The Great Agnostic (22 page)

Cathedral of St. John the Divine (NYC),
155
n

Catherine of Aragon,
13

Catholicism: as bar to state office holding,
137
; birth control opposition of,
186
; blasphemy cases and,
130
,
132
; conservative theology of,
184
–86; growth in United States of,
141
; Ingersoll animus of,
183
–86; Ingersoll's concerns about,
65
–66,
114
,
140
,
141
; obscenity laws and,
152
; political influence of,
66
–67,
100
–101,
121
,
139
,
141
,
185
; Protestant dominance and,
65
,
66
,
177
; religious school system of,
64
–66,
100
–101,
141
,
153
,
154
,
183
,
185
; suspicion of science and,
141
,
183
; U.S. presidential candidacy and,
4
n

Catholic World
(publication),
184

Cazenovia (NY),
35

chastity,
164
,
165

Chicago,
73
,
162
,
177
–78

Chicago Times
,
59

Chicago Tribune
,
174
,
177
,
180

childbearing: pain alleviation and,
78
; women's rights and,
118
–19,
127
,
152
.
See also
birth control

children's rights,
39
–40,
200

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882),
114
–15

Chinese immigrants,
114
–16

Chopin, Frédéric,
73

Christianity: founders and,
4
,
9
,
98
–99,
129
,
137
–39,
200
; Ingersoll's stance on,
58
,
114
,
164
–66; political officeholders and,
54
–55,
137
,
178
–79; proposed constitutional amendment endorsing,
98
–99,
139
; secular constitution and,
195
; status of women and,
122
–23,
164
–65.
See also
Catholicism; Protestantism

Church of England,
13

church-state separation,
129
–55; blasphemy law and,
135
; Catholic doctrinal campaign against,
185
–86; Christian nation contention vs.,
4
,
9
,
98
–99,
129
,
139
; continuing lack of public consensus on,
9
; current political decriers of,
4
,
136
,
201
; divine authority invocation and,
150
–51; divorce laws and,
120
–21; establishment clause and,
64
–65,
136
; first Catholic presidential candidate and,
4
n; as founders' intent,
2
–5,
129
,
137
,
138
,
139
–40,
141
,
150
,
195
,
197
,
200
–201; Ingersoll's championship of,
1
–5,
11
,
20
–21,
139
–42,
150
–51; Jewish immigrant support for,
70
; Lincoln Republicans and,
61
,
99
; obscenity (Comstock) laws and,
100
; opponents of,
135
–38,
185
–86; Paine's championship of,
1
,
18
,
20
,
107
; public schools and,
9
,
105
,
142
,
153
–55,
186
–87; religious orthodoxy vs.,
69
,
152
–53; religious politicization and,
151
–52; religious school tax aid bid and,
4
n,
64
–66,
67
,
70
,
100
–101,
153
,
154
,
183
,
185
; secularist inroads and,
148
; state law changes and,
138
; theocracy vs.,
58
,
98
,
129
,
136
,
200
,
201

civil rights.
See
equal rights

Civil Rights Act (1875), repeal (1883) of,
110
–11,
134

Civil War,
48
–49,
51
–52,
112
,
150

Clarke, Adam,
38

Colgate, Samuel,
100
n

Columbia University,
68

“Common Sense” (Paine pamphlet),
142

communism,
183

Comstock, Anthony,
99
–100,
152
–53,
186

Comstock Laws.
See
obscenity (Comstock) laws

Congregationalists,
32
,
178

Congress, U.S.,
55
–56,
154
–55,
186

Connecticut,
138

conservatism,
184
–86; two strands of,
108
.
See also
fundamentalism; religious right

Constitution, U.S.: broad interpretation of,
134
; claims of Christian basis of,
4
,
9
,
98
,
129
,
139
; establishment clause and,
64
–65,
136
; originalists and,
3
–4; proposed Blaine amendment (1875) to,
64
–65; proposed Christian amendment (1864) to,
98
–99,
139
; secular spirit and letter of,
2
–4,
99
,
129
,
130
–31,
136
,
137
–38,
139
–41,
195
,
197
.
See also
Bill of Rights;
specific amendments

constitutions, state,
65
,
133
–34,
137

contraceptives.
See
birth control

Conway, Moncure Daniel,
146
–47

Copernicus, Nicolaus,
82
,
192

corporal punishment,
39
–40

corporations.
See
business interests

corruption,
59
,
101

Council for Secular Humanism,
28

Crawford, Sam (“Wahoo”),
10

creation: biblical account of,
9
,
14
,
16
,
80
–82,
86
–88,
104
,
149
; evolution theory and,
94
; public school science classes and,
9
; theodicy problem and,
86
–89; unalienable rights and,
128
; “watchmaker” argument and,
37
–38,
86

cremation,
176

Crisis Papers, The
(Paine),
142
–43,
147

“cross of gold” speech (Bryan),
89
,
149

culture wars (1980s– ),
4
,
6
,
9
,
90

Darrow, Clarence,
10
,
22
,
23
,
102
–3

Darwin, Charles,
2
,
5
,
14
,
23
,
24
,
87
,
91
,
95
,
187
,
192
; on civilization vs. nature,
106
;
The Descent of Man
,
83
; inspirational language of,
96
;
On the Origin of Species
,
15
,
83
,
96
.
See also
evolution theory

Dawkins, Richard,
90
,
159
,
194
–95,
198

death: Ingersoll's last weeks and,
172
–74; Ingersoll's view of,
157
–58,
171
,
175
–76.
See also
afterlife

death penalty: for blasphemy,
129
–30,
132
–33; capital crimes and,
145
; for Haymarket violence defendants,
162
,
163
; opponents of,
20
,
40
,
144
–45,
147
,
189
; religious sanctions for,
144
,
199

“Death Test, The” (Ingersoll),
171

Debs, Eugene V.,
10
,
11
,
109
; eulogy for Ingersoll by,
179
–80

Declaration of Independence,
29
n,
128

Declaration of Rights and Sentiments
(woman suffrage),
29
n

Declaration of Sentiments
(antislavery),
29
n

deism,
20
,
24
–25,
131

deity.
See
God

Delaware,
137

democracy,
24
–25,
144
n

Democratic Party,
66
–67,
89
,
110
,
115
,
163
; Ingersoll's congressional candidacy and,
50
; religious belief and,
64
,
66
,
100
–101

Descent of Man, The
(Darwin),
83

determinism,
158

Dickinson, Anna E.,
114

Dictionnaire Philosophique Portatif
(Voltaire),
130

disease,
5
,
79
,
80
,
86
,
167

dissidents,
31
–32,
70
,
107

divine revelation.
See
God

divine right of kings,
144
n

divorce,
120
–21,
122
n

Dobbs Ferry (NY),
172

domestic violence,
120
,
121
,
122
,
200

Dorsey, Stephen W.,
101
–2

Douglas, Stephen,
50

Douglass, Frederick,
10
,
111
,
112

Dowagiac (MI),
72
–76,
190
–91

Dowagiac Times
,
75
–76

Dresden (NY),
22
,
28
,
31
,
32
,
33
,
34

Dresden Publishing Company,
22

earth, age of,
81
–82

East Church (Salem, MA),
182

economic policy,
10
,
101
,
103
–7,
108
n,
149
–50

Edison, Thomas,
10
,
28
,
97

education: American autodidacts and,
7
–8,
36
,
38
,
42
–43,
44
; anti-intellectual ideologues and,
4
,
10
; denial of equal opportunity to,
4
,
114
,
119
–20,
200
; Ingersoll's secular vision of,
153
–55; tax policy and,
64
–65,
154
,
155
; universal higher education goal,
4
,
155
.
See also
parochial schools; public schools

eight-hour day,
104
–5,
158
,
162

election of 1860,
50

election of 1876,
59
–60,
67

election of 1884,
66
–67

election of 1960,
4
n

Eliot, George,
73
,
74

Eliot, Rev. Thomas A.,
80
–81

emotion,
158
,
165
–67,
170

empathy,
170

England,
136
,
142
,
143
,
146

Enlightenment,
24
–25,
62
,
77
,
130
n,
197
,
199
; literature and,
42
,
44
,
46
; religious orthodoxy vs.,
16
,
69
,
195
; universal human rights and,
127
,
128

Episcopalians,
155

equal protection clause,
134

equal rights,
109
–25; race and,
100
,
103
,
109
,
110
–17; religion-based laws and,
137
–38; social Darwinist thought vs.,
24
–25,
127
–28.
See also
women's rights

Erie Canal,
30
–31

establishment clause,
64
–65,
136

eternal life.
See
afterlife

evangelical fundamentalists.
See
fundamentalism

Eve, serpent's temptation of,
14
,
38
,
78
,
88

evil.
See
theodicy problem

evolution theory,
2
,
5
,
6
,
22
–26,
79
,
166
; artistic creation and,
160
; Darwin's vision of,
96
; Huxley's popularization of,
23
–24,
81
,
82
; Ingersoll's championship of,
11
,
14
,
15
–16,
82
–86,
126
,
127
; public schools' downplaying of,
186
–88; religious accommodation of,
91
,
94
,
181
,
182
; religious opponents of,
80
–82,
85
,
87
,
96
,
182
–83,
186
–87; Scopes trial and,
22
–23,
25
–26; social Darwinist interpretation of,
24
,
25
,
104