The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum (32 page)

Celera Genomics,
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,
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ADDM network,
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cerebellum, and motor coordination,
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,
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,
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cerebral cortex,
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–
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,
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.
See also
visual cortex

certainty, feeling of,
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–
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CHARGE studies (UC Davis).
See
Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) program

chess, and pattern thinking,
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–
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Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) program,
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–
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Chopin, Frédéric,
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,
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chunks,
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CNVs.
See
copy number variations (CNVs)

collaboration, and three kinds of thinking,
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–
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,
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Columbia University Medical Center,
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–
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,
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–
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communication deficits.
See also
language disorders; nonverbal autistic patients; speech disorders

diagnosis of autism and,
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–
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neuroimaging studies and,
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computer programming,
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connectivity

autistic brain and,
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–
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,
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–
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development of,
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–
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HDFT research and,
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–
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,
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–
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in TG’s brain,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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–
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Cooperrider, Jason,
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,
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copy number variations (CNVs),
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–
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corpus callosum,
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–
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,
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cosmic web,
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Coursera,
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Cowan, Jack,
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–
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creative thinking abilities,
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–
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crossword puzzles,
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Crothers, Bronson,
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,
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crying, importance of,
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Crystal Palace, London World’s Fair (1851),
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,
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Daly, Mark J.,
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–
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D’Argento, Savino Nuccio,
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Dawson, Michelle,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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de novo mutations,
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,
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–
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detail, attention to,
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–
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diagnosis of autism

changing criteria for,
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–
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,
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,
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–
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,
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early, as important,
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–
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Kanner and,
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–
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,
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limitations of labels and,
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–
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potential for biomarkers and,
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–
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psychoanalytic approach and,
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–
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for TG,
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–
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,
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–
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Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM),
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–
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,
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,
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–
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,
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DSM-III
criteria and,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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DSM-IV
criteria and,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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DSM-
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criteria and,
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diffusion tensor imaging (DTI),
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,
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,
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–
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.
See also
high-definition fiber tracking (HDFT)

disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
(DSM
category),
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–
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DNA.
See
genetics of autism

Down syndrome,
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DRD4-7R gene,
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–
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drugs

cognitive responsiveness and,
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–
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environmental triggers and,
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–
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focus on effects and,
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DSM.
See
Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

DTI.
See
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

dyad model, in
DSM-
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,
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–
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dyslexia,
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Easter Seals,
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,
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education

accommodation of deficits and,
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–
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exploitation of strengths and,
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–
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special classrooms and,
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–
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three-ways-of-thinking model and,
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–
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useful online accessories and,
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–
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Eichler, Evan E.,
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,
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embedded-figure tests,
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“The Emerging Biology of Autism Spectrum Disorders” (2012
Science
article),
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emotions

amygdala and,
[>]
,
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,
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management of,
[>]
–
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object
vs.
spatial imagery and,
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–
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parental distance and,
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–
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sensory overload and,
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–
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employment

advice on preparation for,
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–
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,
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–
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Asperger syndrome and,
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–
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,
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other employees and,
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–
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pattern thinkers and,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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picture thinkers and,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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selling of work and,
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–
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social impairments and,
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–
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word-fact thinkers and,
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–
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,
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–
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Encode.
See
Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (Encode)

Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (Encode),
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–
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environmental factors,
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,
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–
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error bars,
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Exiting Nirvana: A Daughter’s Life with Autism
(Clara Claiborne Park),
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–
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eye contact, avoidance of,
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,
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–
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,
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faces

bottom-up thinking and,
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–
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cortical response to,
[>]
,
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,
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,
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–
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feeling
vs.
behavior,
[>]
–
[>]
.
See also
self-reporting in research

Feynman, Richard,
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,
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Fienberg, John,
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–
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Fleischmann, Arthur,
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Fleischmann, Carly,
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–
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,
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flipper bridge,
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,
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Foldit (online game),
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fractals,
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,
152–
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fractional anisotropy (FA),
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fragile X syndrome,
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Franklin Pierce College,
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,
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,
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–
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Freud, Sigmund,
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,
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–
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Fried, Itzhak,
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–
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frontal cortex,
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,
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Frontiers in Neuroscience
(journal),
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,
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functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),
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–
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,
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–
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biomarkers for autism and,
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–
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sound sensitivity and,
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TG and,
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Galileo,
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Gates, Bill,
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genetics of autism,
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–
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AGP data and,
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–
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directions for research in,
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environmental triggers and,
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–
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fathers and,
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,
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junk DNA and,
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–
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mothers and,
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,
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–
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,
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multiple-hit hypothesis and,
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–
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mutation studies and,
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–
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predisposition and,
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,
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–
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treatments for individuals and,
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twin studies and,
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–
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genotype,
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Gladwell, Malcolm,
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,
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golden ratio,
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–
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Google,
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grain-resolution test,
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–
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Grandin, Temple

architectural drawings by,
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,
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associative thinking and,
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–
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,
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bottom-up thinking and,
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–
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brain asymmetries and,
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–
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,
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brain plasticity and,
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–
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cerebellum size,
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,
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,
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creative thinking and,
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–
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,
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diagnosis of autism in,
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–
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,
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–
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livestock handling designs and,
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,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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neuroimaging studies of,
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–
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,
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–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

picture thinking and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

sensory problems and,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

visual-spatial testing and,
[>]
–
[>]

grey matter.
See
cerebral cortex

hallucinations,
[>]
–
[>]

handicapped mentality,
[>]
,
[>]

hands-on activities,
[>]

HDFT.
See
high-definition fiber tracking (HDFT)

Hertz-Picciotto, Irva,
[>]
–
[>]

heterogeneity in autism,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
.
See also
individual differences

high-definition fiber tracking (HDFT),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

“high-functioning autism.”
See
Asperger syndrome

hippocampus,
[>]
,
[>]

Hirsch, Joy,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Hobson, R. Peter,
[>]

Human Genome Project,
[>]
,
[>]

IFOF.
See
inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF)