The 9/11 Wars (89 page)

25. In 2008, a new war was added to the complex of conflicts that was the 9/11 Wars, when the Pakistani army pushed into areas along the border with Afghanistan that had fallen under the influence of local militants. The agency of Bajaur, used as an occasional base by al-Qaeda figures and as a rear area by insurgents in Afghanistan, saw fierce fighting. Pakistani troops like these had mixed sentiments about their enemy and the West.

26. This American officer – Captain José Vasquez – was deployed in Logar province in 2009, trying to reclaim the hinterland of Kabul. But progress was slow. The Taliban avoided a straight fight, preferring to outlast not outfight their well-equipped and well-armed enemy. In a week’s operations, Vasquez, his men and the author did not glimpse a single insurgent.

27. Protesters in Tahrir Square, Cairo. Through the early months of 2011, crowds of young people, often mobilized through social networking, achieved in weeks what al-Qaeda had been unable to in decades: depose long-term rulers in Egypt and in Tunisia as well as shake others elsewhere. Angry and alienated, they called for democracy in non-violent protests which were a stunning rejection of radical Islam.

28. This image of anti-Mubarak demonstrators praying over an Egyptian flag on February 5 at Tahrir Square is a reminder of three crucial lessons of the 9/11 Wars: the importance of local identity, the enduring strength of the nation state and the depth of a new conservatism and new cultural religious identity which – though not incompatible with democracy – will be hugely influential on politics and society in the Middle East and beyond in coming years.

Select Bibliography

To keep this bibliography manageable, except for a handful of extremely useful texts, only works containing material referenced directly over preceding pages have been included. Several books exist in multiple translations. Again to save space, only the edition consulted has been listed.

BOOKS

Sohail Abbas,
Probing the Jihadi Mindset
, National Book Foundation, Islamabad, 2007.

Said Aburish,
Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge
, Bloomsbury, 2000.

Zachary Abuza,
Militant Islam in Southeast Asia, Crucible of Terror
, Lynne Reiner, 2003.

Khalid Ahmed, ‘Fundamental Flaws’, in
On the Abyss
, HarperCollins (India), 2000.

M. J. Akbar,
The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity
, Routledge, 2002.

Tinderbox: The Past and Future of Pakistan
, HarperCollins (India), 2010.

Ali Allawi,
The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace
, Yale University Press, 2008.

Charles Allen,
God’s Terrorists: The Wahhabi Cult and the Hidden Roots of Modern Jihad
, Little, Brown, 2006.

John Lee Anderson,
The Lion’s Grave
, Atlantic Books, 2002.

Arthur Arberry (trans.),
The Quran
, Oxford University Press, 1964; first publ. Allen and Unwin, 1955.

Karen Armstrong, Holy War:
The Crusades and Their Impact on Today’s World
, Macmillan, 1998.

Islam: A Short History
, Phoenix; 2001.

Mohammed: Prophet for Our Time
, Harper Perennial, 2007.

Reza Aslam,
How to Win a Cosmic War: God, Globalization, and the End of the War on Terror
, Random House, 2009.

Scott Atran,
Talking to the Enemy, Faith, Brotherhood and the (Un)making of Terrorists
, HarperCollins, 2010.

Florence Aubenas,
Grand Reporter: petite conférence sur le journalisme
, Bayard, Paris, 2009.

Mukulika Banerjee,
The Pathan Unarmed: Opposition and Memory in the Northwest Frontier
, Oxford University Press (India), 2001.

Thomas Barfield,
Afghanistan: A Political and Cultural History
, Princeton University Press, 2010.

Bruce Bawer,
While Europe Slept
, Doubleday, 2006.

Mourad Benchellali,
Voyage vers l’enfer
, Robert Laffont, 2006.

Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon,
Age of Sacred Terror: Radical Islam’s War against America
, Random House, 2002.

Owen Bennett-Jones,
Pakistan: Eye of the Storm
, 3rd edn, Yale University Press, 2003.

Peter Bergen,
The Osama Bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al-Qaeda’s Leader
, Simon & Schuster, 2006.

Holy War Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden
, Touchstone, 2002.

The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict Between America and al’Qaeda
, Simon and Schuster, 2011.

Gary Berntsen,
Jawbreaker: The Attack on Bin Laden and Al Qaeda
, Crown, 2005.

Benazir Bhutto,
Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy and the West
, Harper, 2008.

John R. Bradley,
Inside Egypt
, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Rodric Braithwaite,
Afgansty: The Russians in Afghanistan 1979–1989
, Profile, 2011.

Paul Bremer,
My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope
, Simon and Schuster, 2006.

Robert K. Brigham,
Iraq, Vietnam and the Limits of American Power
, Public-Affairs, 2008.

Martin Bright,
When Progressives Treat with Reactionaries
, Policy Exchange, 2006.

Jean-Charles Brisard,
Zarqawi: The New Face of Al-Qaeda
, Policy Press, 2005.

Jason Burke,
Al-Qaeda: The True Story of Radical Islam
, Penguin, 2003.

The Road to Kandahar: Travels through Conflict in the Islamic World
, Penguin, 2006.

Ian Buruma,
Murder in Amsterdam, The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance
, Atlantic Books, London, 2006.

Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit,
Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies
, Penguin Press, 2004.

George W. Bush,
Decision Points
, Virgin, 2010.

Christopher Caldwell,
Reflections on the Revolution in Europe
, Allen Lane, 2009.

Alistair Campbell,
The Blair Years
, Hutchinson, 2007.

Rajiv Chandreshekan,
Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq’s Green Zone
, Knopf, 2006.

Sarah Chayes,
The Punishment of Virtue: Walking the Frontline of the War on Terror with a Woman Who Has Made It Her Home
, Portobello Books, 2007.

Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy,
Opium: Uncovering the Politics of the Poppy
, I. B. Tauris, 2009.

Richard Clarke,
Against All Enemies
, Simon and Schuster, 2004.

Alexander and Patrick Cockburn,
Out of the Ashes: The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein
, Harper Perennial, 2000.

Patrick Cockburn,
Muqtada al-Sadr and the Fall of Iraq
, Faber and Faber, 2008.

Muqtada al-Sadr, the Shia Revival and the Struggle for Iraq
, Simon and Schuster, 2008.

The Occupation: War and Resistance in Iraq
, Verso, London 2006.

Stephen Cohen,
The Idea of Pakistan
, Brookings, 2005.

Stephen Coll,
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001
, Penguin, 2005.

Rik Coolsaet, ed.,
Jihadi Terrorism and the Radicalisation Challenge in Europe
, Ashgate, 2008.

Gordon Corera,
Shopping for Bombs: Nuclear Proliferation, Global Insecurity and the Rise and Fall of the AQ Khan Network
, Oxford University Press, 2006.

Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi, eds.
The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan
, Harvard University Press, 2008.

William Dalrymple,
The Last Mughal: The Fall of a Dynasty, Delhi, 1857
, Bloomsbury, 2009.

Mark Danner,
Torture and Truth: America, Abu Ghraib and the War on Terrorism
, The New York Review of Books, 2004.

James F. Dobbins,
After the Taliban
, Potomac Books, 2008.

Toby Dodge,
Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation Building and a History Denied
, Columbia University Press, 2003.

John Esposito and Dalia Mogahed,
Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think
, Gallup Press, 2007.

Martin Evans and John Phillips,
Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed
, Yale University Press, 2008.

Steve Fainaru,
Big Boys’ Rules: America’s Mercenaries Fighting in Iraq
, Da Capo Press, 2008.

Oriana Fallacci,
The Rage and the Pride
, English edition, Rizzoli, 2002.

Mamoun Fandy,
Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent
, Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.

Howard M. Federspiel,
Islam and Ideology in the Emerging Indonesian State: The Persatuan Islam 1923 to 1957
, Brill, 2001.

Douglas Feith,
War and Decision
, Harper, 2008.

James Fergusson,
A Million Bullets: The Real Story of the British Army in Afghanistan
, Transworld, 2008.

Orlando Figes,
Crimea: The Last Crusade
, Allen Lane, 2010.

Jean-Pierre Filiu,
L’Apocalypse dans I’Islam
, Fayard, 2008.

Les Frontières du jihad
, Fayard, 2006.

Les Neuf vies d’Al-Qaïda
, Fayard, 2009.

Dexter Filkins,
The Forever War: Dispatches From the War on Terror
, Vintage, 2009.

Alain Finkielkraut,
Qu’est-ce que la France?
Stock, 2007.