Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes Are Choking Freedom Worldwide (91 page)

39
. John Hansen, “The Editor and the 12 Cartoons,” interview with Carsten Juste,
JyllandsPosten
, December 18, 2005,
http://jp.dk/udland/article177647.ece
.

40
. Flemming Rose, “Freedom of Expression: The Face of Muhammad,”
Jyllands-Posten
, September 30, 2005, 3, translation available via the Australian Broadcasting Corporation at
www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/AccompCart.doc
.

41
. The other images featured were: a Danish schoolboy named Muhammad gesturing to a blackboard that read “
Jyllands-Posten
’s journalists are a bunch of reactionary provocateurs”; Muhammad at the entrance to paradise telling a row of suicide bombers, “stop, stop, we’ve run out of virgins!”; Muhammad’s face with the traditional Islamic crescent around it and the star over his right eye; abstract forms that may have been stylized female figures next to verses that appear to chastise the Prophet for repressing women; Muhammad with a broken halo resembling horns; Muhammad viewing a paper and telling two sword-brandishing men, “Relax … it’s just a sketch made by a Dane from southwest Denmark”; Muhammad with eyes obscured by a black bar and sword in hand, standing in front of two frightened-looking women in burkas; Kare Bluitgen, the children’s book author in question, with an orange (a symbol for luck), reading “PR-stunt” nestled in a turban on his head and a drawing of a be-turbaned stick figure in his hand; and the image that
Jyllands-Posten
used for the centerpiece in its story, showing a man standing before a lineup of seven figures in turbans, including figures from other religions, Mr. Bluitgen, and a far-right Danish politician, saying “Hm … I don’t recognize him.”

42
. In a 2008 interview, he explained: “the cartoon was … aimed at the terrorists, who use part of Islam as their spiritual ammunition. You could also say that the terrorists have taken the Prophet as their hostage”; interview with Kurt Westergaard by Yassin Musharbash,
Spiegel Online
, August 15, 2008,
http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,572330,00.html
.

43
. Stephen Schwartz, “Muhammad Caricatured,”
The Weekly Standard
, February 20, 2006,
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/006/699xftsa.asp
; Oleg Grabar, “Seeing Is Believing. The Image of the Prophet in Islam: The Real Story,”
The New Republic
, November 4, 2009,
http://www.tnr.com/article/books-and-arts/seeing-and-believing
.

44
. Richard, “In Art Museums, Portraits Illuminate a Religious Taboo,”
http://www.washing-tonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/13/AR2006021302407.html
; Amir Taheri, “Bonfire of the Pieties,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 8, 2006,
http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110007934
.

45
. “Q&A: Depicting the Prophet Muhammad,”
BBC Online
,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4674864.stm
; “Q&A,”
www.sistani.org
.

46
. Pew Forum, transcript of “Islam and the West: A Conversation with Bernard Lewis,” April 27, 2006.

47
. “Imam Demands Apology for Mohammed Cartoons,”
Copenhagen Post
, October 6, 2005; Lorenzo Vidino, “Creating Outrage,”
National Review Online
, February 6, 2006,
http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/vidino200602060735.asp
; Pernille Ammitzbøll and Lorenzo Vidino, “After the Danish Cartoon Controversy,”
Middle East Quarterly
,
http://www.meforum.org/1437/after-the-danish-cartoon-controversy
.

48
. Lorenzo Vidino, “Creating Outrage”; Shadid and Sullivan, “Anatomy of the Cartoon Protest Movement”; Ammitzbøll and Vidino, “After the Danish Cartoon Controversy.”

49
. Klausen,
Cartoons That Shook the World
, 83.

50
.
Copenhagen Post
, “Cartoons Have Muslims Threatening Newspaper,”
Jyllands-Posten
, October 12, 2005,
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1501392/posts
.

51
. The ambassadors of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Egypt, Indonesia, Algeria, and Bosnia and Herzegovina; a representative of the Libyan Embassy; the
chargé d’affaires
of Morocco; and the Head of the Palestinian General Delegation.

52
. Klausen,
Cartoons That Shook the World
, 155–57, discusses the three incidents mentioned aside from the cartoons; pp. 36–37 reproduce the diplomats’ letter in full.

53
. Reproduced in ibid., 66.

54
. “Rent-a-Riot ABCs,”
New York Post
, February 9, 2006; Vidino, “Creating Outrage”; Shadid and Sullivan, “Anatomy.”

55
. “Cartoons of Mohammed Cause Death Threat,”
DR Nyheder
, December 2, 2005.

56
. Decision on possible criminal proceedings in the case of
Jyllands-Posten
’s article “The Face of Muhammad,” The Director of Public Prosecutions (Denmark), File No. RA-2006-41-0151, March 15, 2006,
http://www.rigsadvokaten.dk/media/bilag/afgorelse_engelsk.pdf
. There were controversies in 1984 and 1992 over a painting on a railway station and a film, respectively, offensive to many Christians, but no legal measures were taken. See
Blasphemy and Film Censorship—Submission to the European Court of Human Rights in Respect of Nigel Wingrove v. the United Kingdom, Article 19 and Interights
, December 1995, 8,
http://www.article19.org/pdfs/cases/uk-wingrove-v.-uk.pdf
; and “Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland,” under Caslon’s analysis of European blasphemy law and cases,
http://www.caslon.com.au/blasphemyprofile9.htm#denmark
.

57
. “Danes and Muslims,”
Wall Street Journal
, January 31, 2006.

58
. “Muslim Organization Calls for Boycott of Denmark,”
Copenhagen Post
, December 28, 2005; Klausen,
Cartoons That Shook the World
, 63–64.

59
. Daniel Howden, “How a Meeting of Leaders in Mecca Set Off the Cartoon Wars Around the World,”
The Independent
, February 10, 2006,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/how-a-meeting-of-leaders-in-mecca-set-off-the-cartoon-wars-around-the-world-466109.html
.

60
. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades claimed responsibility for the incident, which fortunately ended without injury; Donna Abu-Nasr, “Outrage Builds in Mideast over Cartoons,”
AP
, January 30, 2006,
http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=20060131&id=MEUaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RyUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3424,5641902
; Jenny Booth and Reuters, “Kidnapping in Row over Muhammad Cartoons,”
The Times
, February 2, 2006,
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article724944.ece
;
http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1774&dat=20060203&id=45ceAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1oYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6812,3285523
; “Gaza EU Offices Raided by Gunmen,”
BBC News
, January 30, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4661572.stm
; Alan Cowell, “Dane Defends Press Freedom As Muslims Protest Cartoons,”
New York Times
, February 1, 2006,
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/international/europe/01danish.html
; Nidal al-Mughrabi, “Gazans Burn Danish Flags, Demand Cartoon Apology,” Reuters, January 31, 2006.

61
. “Gaza EU Offices Raided by Gunmen.”

62
. “Danes and Muslims.”

63
. Alan Cowell, “Dane Defends Press Freedom.”

64
. Shadid and Sullivan, “Anatomy”; Alan Cowell, “More European Papers Print Cartoons of Muhammad, Fueling Dispute with Muslims,”
New York Times
, February 2, 2006,
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/02/international/europe/02danish.html
.

65
. “Bomb Hoax at France-Soir Follows Similar Threats Against other European Newspapers,” Reporters Without Borders, February 7, 2006,
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=16342
.

66
. “Envoys Meet As Muslim Anger Grows,”
BBC News
, February 3, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4678280.stm
.

67
. “Behind the Headlines: How the Arab Media Covered the Danish Cartoon Controversy,”
Asharq Alawsat
, February 8, 2006,
http://www.aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=5&id=3715
; “Clash of Civilization,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 11, 2006,
http://www.opinionjournal.com/weekend/hottopic/?id=110007956
.

68
. “Sheikh Al-Qaradawi Responds to Cartoons of Prophet Muhammad,” MEMRI Special Dispatch Series 1089, February 9, 2006,
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP108906
.

69
. “Cartoons Spark Burning of Embassies,”
Washington Post
, February 5, 2006,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/04/AR2006020401208.html
; Qassim Abdel-Zahra, “Muslims Again Protest Muhammad Caricatures,”
AP
, February 3, 2006,
http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8FHNUPG8&show_article=1
; Albert Aji, “Syrians Torch Embassies over Caricatures,”
AP
, February 4, 2006,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/05/content_517149.htm
.

70
. “Muslim Cartoon Fury Claims Lives,”
BBC News
, February 6, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4684652.stm
.

71
. “Taleban Say 100 Enlist for Suicide Attacks over Cartoons,”
Khaleej Times (AFP
), February 9, 2006.

72
. Abdullah Shiri, “Saudi Cleric Demands Trial over Drawings,”
AP
, February 11, 2006,
http://islamdaily.net/EN/Contents.aspx?AID=4063
.

73
. “Two Die in Pakistan Cartoon Clash,”
BBC News
, February 14, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4711318.stm
.

74
. “Fresh Pakistan Cartoon Protests,”
BBC News
, February 16, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4718958.stm
; “40,000 in Karachi Protest Cartoons of Muhammad,”
AP
, February 17, 2006,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/02/16/AR2006021602136.html
.

75
. “Muslim Cartoon Fury Claims Lives”; Lee Keath, “Friday Brings New Prophet Drawing Protests,”
AP
, February 10, 2006,
http://muzi.com/news/ll/english/10003182.shtml
.

76
. “Europarliament Condemns Killing of Priest in Turkey,”
Zenit
, February 21, 2006,
http://www.zenit.org/article-15341?l=english
; “CSI Deplores Wave of Islamic Violence against Freedom of Expression,” Christian Solidarity International press release, February 8, 2006,
http://www.csi-int.org/archives.php?inhId=1139498235&bstFam=2&arc=1&sId=01234280636&sucHL=&sucJahr=
; “Benedict XVI Hopes Priest’s Murder Stirs Solidarity,”
Zenit
, February 6, 2006,
http://www.zenit.org/article-15202?l=english
.

77
. Annia Ciezadlo, “What the Cartoon Jihadists Want,”
New Republic
, February 16, 2006.

78
. Ali Kotarumalos, “Muslims Assault U.S. Embassy in Indonesia.”

79
. Peter Lamprecht, “Cartoon Protestors in Pakistan Target Christians,”
Compass Direct News
, February 20, 2006.

80
. Dean Nelson, “Minister Offers £6m to Behead Cartoonist,”
Sunday Times
, February 19, 2006,
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article732451.ece
.

81
. “Nigerian Priest: Another Victim of Violence,”
Zenit
, February 21, 2006,
http://www.zenit.org/article-15339?l=english
; Njadvara Musa, “Cartoon Protests Leave 15 Dead in Nigeria,”
AP
, February 18, 2006.

82
. In Klausen’s assessment, by February, Egypt and the OIC had decided to end the conflict and “hand the matter over to the United Nations” but were overtaken by events; see
Cartoons That Shook the World
, 53.

83
. “Muslim Cartoon Fury Claims Lives,”
BBC News
, February 6, 2006; “Iran President Orders Economic Reprisals for Cartoons,”
AFP
, February 5, 2006,
http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200602/s1562601.htm
.

84
. “Cartoon Crisis is EU Fight,”
AFP
, February 22, 2006; “Pakistan Crackdown over Cartoons,”
BBC News
, February 17, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4722712.stm
; the reward was offered for killing the cartoonist (singular) according to the BBC original, and it may be that the bounty offerers, as well as others, were unaware that the cartoons were drawn by twelve different people.

85
. Qassim Abdel-Zahra, “Muslims Again Protest Muhammad Caricatures”; Ewen MacAskill, Sandra Laville, and Luke Harding, “Cartoon Controversy Spreads Throughout Muslim World,”
The Guardian
, February 4, 2006,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/feb/04/muhammadcartoons.pressandpublishing
; “Musharaff in Cartoon Condemnation,”
BBC News
, February 3, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4676776.stm
.