Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue (24 page)

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Authors: John McWhorter

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colonialism

The Comedy of Errors

(Shakespeare)

conditional tense

conjugations

consonants

and orphan words

and Phoenician influence

and Proto-Germanic

and Proto-Semitic verbs

context

Cornish

and Celtic influence on English

and Celtic subfamily

and English grammar

and English vocabulary

and linguistic equilibrium

and meaningless
do

and progressive
-ing

question sentences

and verb conjugation

Cran, William

Cree

Crete

Crystal, David

culture.
See also
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Dalby, Andrew

Damin

Danelaw region

Danish

and
be
-perfect

impact on English

and orphan words

and Proto-Germanic

and simplification of English

and Viking influence

Dante

Dark Ages

dative case

democracy

demonstratives

Denmark

Der Spiegel

dialects

Arabic

English

Germanic languages

Kentish

Mercian

Monnese

north of England

Northumbrian

and noun gender

Old English

Swedish

West Saxon

and written vs. spoken language

direction words

diversity

DNA evidence

documentary evidence

domination of English

Dorset

Dravidian languages

Dutch

and etymologies

and evolution of English

and Germanic language families

grammar

and meaningless
do

and noun gender

and orphan words

path to Modern English

and progressive
-ing

and Proto-Germanic

and Viking influence

Early Middle English

The Economist

education

egthu

Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology
(Barnard and Spencer)

-ende
construction

England

English.
See
Modern English

ethnocentrism

etymology

Everett, Dan

evolution of English

explanation of language change

expressions

families of languages

Faroese

fashions in language

The Fight for English: How Language Pundits Ate, Shot, and Left
(Crystal)

Finnish

folk

formal language

French.
See also
Norman French

and “be” perfect

and case marking

in colonial Africa

and English vocabulary

and generic pronouns

invasion of Britain

and meaningless
do

and mistranslation

and modern education

and modern vocabularies

and noun gender

and orphan words

and Proto-Germanic vocabulary

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

and simplification of English

and verb usage

written and spoken language

frequentive suffix

fricatives

fright

Frisian

and Evolution of English

and Germanic language families

and grammar inconsistency

and Proto-Germanic

and verb usage

and Viking influence

future tense

Gaelic

Gamalson, Orm

gender

and Afrikaans

biological

English and German contrasted

and English grammar

gender-neutral pronouns

and German

and Germanic languages

and Hittite

and Icelandic

“impersonal” gender

and Indo-European languages

and Modern English

and Neo-Whorfianism

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

and simplification of English

and Viking influence

and written vs. spoken language

generic pronouns

genetics

Genghis Khan

genitive case

genocide

German

and case marking

and directional adverbs

and English grammar

and generic pronouns

and meaningless
do

and noun cases

and noun gender

and orphan words

and past perfect

and progressive
-ing

and Proto-Germanic

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

and verb usage

and written vs. spoken language

Germanic family of languages

comparisons of

and consonant sounds

and dialects

and directional adverbs

and English variation

features shed in English

and meaningless
do

and orphan words

and past perfect

and Phoenician influence

and progressive
-ing

similarities among

and simplification of English

subcategories

variations among

and verb usage

Germanic invasions

Germany

gerunds.
See also
progressive construction and progressive
ing

goblo

going

Gothic

grammar

and causality issues

and Celtic influence

and Chinese

and colonial languages

and cultural influences

English and German compared

and Germanic languages

and Icelandic

grammar (
continued
)

inconsistencies on

and language mixing

and linguistic equilibrium

myths and misconceptions

and Neo-Whorfianism

and Norman influence

and Old English

and Phoenician influence

rules of

Russian

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

and scripture vs. writing

and simplification of English

and study of languages

and suffixes

thought and grammar

and variation

and Viking influence

and vocabulary changes

and written vs. spoken language

Greece

Greek

and case markers

and English vocabulary

grammar conservatism

influence on Albanian

and noun cases

and noun gender

and progressive
-ing

and Proto-Germanic consonants

Grimm’s Law

Gujarati

Guugu Yimithirr

habitual verbs

Hall, Robert

Hamlet
(Shakespeare)

Hashimoto, Mantaro

Hawthorne, Nathaniel

Hebrew

and Germanic language families

and grammar inconsistencies

and meaningless
do

and orphan words

and Phoenicians

and Proto-Germanic consonants

and verb placement

and verb tense

Henry , Part ,
(Shakespeare)

High German

Hindi

historians

Hittite

Hopi

Hungarian

hunter-gatherers

hypotheticals

Icelandic

and English grammar

and generic pronouns

and Germanic languages

and grammar complexity

and Proto-Germanic

and verb usage

Igbo

I Love Lucy

impact

imperfect tense

“impersonal” gender

inconsistencies in language

India

indigenous cultures

Indo-Aryan languages

Indo-European languages

and consonant sounds

Indo-Aryan subfamily

and noun gender

and orphan words

and Phoenician influence

and Proto-Germanic consonants

and Russian grammar

and verb tense

Indonesian

Ine of Wessex

infinitives

intermarriage

Iran

Irish

Irish Gaelic

Italian

Jamaican patois

Japanese

external influences

and future markers

and grammar

and meaningless
do

and noun markers

path to Modern English

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Jewish immigrants

Johnson, Samuel

Jutes

Kawesqar tribe

Kay, Paul

Kempton, Willett

Kentish dialect

Khoisan

khonsay

King James Bible

Koran

language contact specialty

language families

The Language Instinct
(Pinker)

Language Interrupted: Signs of Non-Native Acquisition in Standard Language Grammars
(McWhorter)

language-is-thought study

Lardil

Latin

and Albanian

and case marking

and English vocabulary

as formal language

grammar of

and Hittite

and modern vocabularies

and noun gender

and path to Modern English

and prepositions

and Proto-Germanic consonants

and suffixes

and verb tense

and vocabulary changes

and written language

La Vita Nuova
(Dante)

laws

learning languages

Leave Your Language Alone!
(Hall)

-le
ending

Lindisfarne Gospels

linguistic equilibrium

linguistics

literacy

Lithuanian

locative case

Lucy, John A.

-ly
ending

Macedonian

MacNeil, Robert

maiden

Mainland Scandinavian

Malawi

Malay

Manchus

Mandarin

Mandela, Nelson

mathematical language

McCrum, Robert

meaningless
do

and Celtic

and complexity of English

and English grammar

and evolution of English

and German

and grammar inconsistencies

and linguistic equilibrium

and Old English

rarity of

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

spontaneous appearance theory

Welsh and Cornish influence

and written vs. spoken language

memory

Mercian dialect

Merman, Ethel

Middle East

Middle English

and case suffixes

and Celtic influence

and directional adverbs

and English grammar

features shed in English

and generic pronouns

and grammar variations

and meaningless
do

and past perfect

and progressive
-ing

and simplification of English

and verb usage

and writing vs. scripture

and writing vs. spoken language

Minoan civilization

mistranslation

mitochondrial DNA

Modern English

and American slavery

and case marking

and colonial Africa

and cultural influences

evolution of

and generic pronouns

and grammar variation

interaction with other languages

and other Germanic languages

path from Old English

and Proto-Germanic

and random changes

and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

and verb conjugation

and Viking influence

and vocabulary changes

and written vs. spoken language

Mongolia

Monnese dialect

Montagnais

Morocco

myths and misconceptions

Nanai

Native Americans

natural gender

negative statements

and meaningless
do

in Russian

Neo-Whorfian School

Netherlands

The New Guide of the Conversation in Portuguese and English
(Fonseca and Carolino)

New Guinea

New York Times

Nigeria

“noble savage” caricature

nominative case

Norman French

and English writing

and evolution of English

invasion of Britain

and scripture vs. writing

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