Foundation (History of England Vol 1) (81 page)

infant,
ref 1
Mortimer, Anne,
ref 1
Mortimer, Roger, 1st Earl of March,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Mortimer’s Cross, battle of (1461),
ref 1

Morton, John, Archbishop of Canterbury (
earlier
Bishop of Ely),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Motte, Agnes,
ref 1

Mowbray, Thomas
see
Norfolk, 1st Duke of

murrain (disease),
ref 1
,
ref 2

names: changes under Normans,
ref 1

navy: King John constructs,
ref 1

Henry V builds up,
ref 1

Neckam, Alexander,
ref 1

Nefyn, Wales,
ref 1

Neolithic: as term,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Neolithic period,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Neville family: support Yorkists in Wars of Roses,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Neville, George, Archbishop of York,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Neville’s Cross, battle of (1346),
ref 1

Newfoundland,
ref 1

Norfolk, John Howard, 1st Duke of,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Norfolk, Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of,
ref 1

Normandy: Henry I invades and conquers,
ref 1

Henry II’s expedition to,
ref 1

King John loses to Philip Augustus,
ref 1

Edward III invades,
ref 1

Henry V in,
ref 1
,
ref 2

France reclaims,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Normans: and separation of Church and state,
ref 1

Ethelred marries into,
ref 1

Edward the Comfessor’s loyalty to,
ref 1

under William,
ref 1

invade and conquer England,
ref 1

oppressive rule and occupation of England,
ref 1

buildings,
ref 1

introduce French language,
ref 1

assimilated,
ref 1
,
ref 2

names,
ref 1

council,
ref 1

wheat-growing and eating,
ref 1

dynasty,
ref 1

Norsemen
see
Vikings

North America: English exploration and settlement,
ref 1

North Sea: formed,
ref 1

Northampton: parliament (1380),
ref 1

scholastic community,
ref 1

Northampton, battle of (1460),
ref 1

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of (Hotspur),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 4th Earl of,
ref 1

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 5th Earl of,
ref 1

Northumberland, kingdom of: power,
ref 1

Vikings conquer,
ref 1

Malcolm IV surrenders to Henry II,
ref 1

Norway: Viking raiders from,
ref 1

Norwich: population,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

social divisions,
ref 1

grammar school,
ref 1

Noseles, Philip,
ref 1

Noteman, Andrew,
ref 1

Offa’s Dyke,
ref 1

Oldcastle, Sir John,
ref 1

Orderic Vitalis,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Ordinance of Labourers (1349),
ref 1

Orkney: surrendered to Scotland,
ref 1

Orleans: Joan of Arc lifts siege,
ref 1

Orleton, Adam, Bishop of Hereford,
ref 1

Osborne, John,
ref 1

Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor,
ref 1

Oxford, John de Vere, 12th Earl of,
ref 1

Oxford, Provisions of (1258),
ref 1

Oxford University: teaching of law,
ref 1

origins,
ref 1

student violence and misbehaviour,
ref 1

learning,
ref 1

‘oyer et terminer’ commission,
ref 1

Page, John and Agnes,
ref 1

Palaeolithic: as term,
ref 1

Palfrey, William,
ref 1

Pandulf (papal legate),
ref 1

papacy: and appointment of archbishop of Canterbury,
ref 1

see also
Christianity

Paris: Treaty of (1259),
ref 1

in Hundred Years War,
ref 1

falls to Charles VII,
ref 1

Paris, Matthew,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

parish: development,
ref 1

numbers,
ref 1

parish churches: as communal centres,
ref 1

show evidence of affluence,
ref 1

parish priests,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Parisii (tribe),
ref 1
,
ref 2

parliament: origins and development,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Edward I summons,
ref 1
,
ref 2

first records (1316),
ref 1

Edward II summons,
ref 1

and consent to taxation,
ref 1

growing power during Hundred Years War,
ref 1

relations with Edward III,
ref 1
,
ref 2

‘Good’ (1376),
ref 1

in Westminster Hall,
ref 1

conflict with Richard II,
ref 1
,
ref 2

‘Wonderful’ (1386),
ref 1

‘Merciless’ (1389),
ref 1

relations with Henry IV,
ref 1

meets in Bury St Edmunds (1447),
ref 1

Henry VII ignores,
ref 1

pastimes
see
festivals and pastimes

Paston family: life and letters,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Paston, Agnes,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Paston, Clement,
ref 1

Paston, Elizabeth,
ref 1

Paston, John,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

Paston, Margaret,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Paston, William,
ref 1

Patrick, St:
Confessions
,
ref 1

Paulinus (missionary),
ref 1

peasantry: and village life,
ref 1

houses,
ref 1

condition improves in Black Death,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

see also
serfs

Peasants’ Revolt (1381),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Pembroke, Jasper Tudor, Earl of: commands Queen Margaret’s forces,
ref 1

and Henry Tudor’s invasion,
ref 1

sends Henry to Brittany,
ref 1

Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st Earl of,
ref 1

Pembrokeshire: Flemings in,
ref 1

Penny, William,
ref 1

Pepys, Samuel,
ref 1

Percy family: rebels against Henry IV,
ref 1

power in north,
ref 1

Percy, Henry (Hotspur)
see
Northumberland, 2nd Earl of

Perpendicular style (architecture),
ref 1

Perrers, Alice,
ref 1

Peter de Blois,
ref 1

Peter des Rivaux,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Peter of Savoy, Earl of Richmond,
ref 1

Peter, St,
ref 1

Peterborough: Bronze Age remains,
ref 1

Peterborough Abbey: suffers under Henry I,
ref 1

and warfare between Stephen and Matilda,
ref 1

Petition of Right (seventeenth century),
ref 1

Philip II (Philip Augustus), King of France,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Philip VI of Valois, King of France,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Philippa of Hainault, Queen of Edward III,
ref 1

Pickering, Vale of, Yorkshire,
ref 1

Picquigny, treaty of (1475),
ref 1

Picts: land of (Prydyn),
ref 1

harass Romans and English,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3