Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History (70 page)

Read Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History Online

Authors: S. C. Gwynne

Tags: #State & Local, #Kings and Rulers, #Native American, #Social Science, #Native American Studies, #Native Americans, #West (AK; CA; CO; HI; ID; MT; NV; UT; WY), #Wars, #Frontier and Pioneer Life, #General, #United States, #Ethnic Studies, #19th Century, #Southwest (AZ; NM; OK; TX), #Biography & Autobiography, #Comanche Indians, #West (U.S.), #Discrimination & Race Relations, #Biography, #History

BOOK: Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History
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civil chiefs of,
50
–51,
91
–92

clothing of,
89
–90,
91
,
92
,
96
,
111
,
179
,
185
,
198
,
199
,
232

council houses of,
42
–43

cruelty of,
5
,
6
,
17
,
22
,
25
–26,
28
,
37
,
41
,
42
,
43
–46,
52
,
56
,
57
,
62
–69,
75
,
84
,
85
,
87
–88,
95
,
96
,
106
,
134
,
156
,
173
–74,
197
,
202
,
211
,
257
,
272
,
280

culture of,
27
–28,
31
–32,
41
–43,
47
–51,
90
–92,
102
–7,
110
–11,
116
–17,
142
–43,
151
–53,
164
,
181
–82,
191
,
192
–99,
205
–6,
226
–30,
233
,
258–60,
281
,
289
–90,
313
–14,
319

dances of,
27
,
41
–42,
47
,
49
,
52
,
95
,
197
,
199
,
201
,
202
,
206
,
215
,
216
,
224
,
227
,
229
–30,
259
,
266
,
286

decapitations by,
43
–44,
66

decline of,
23
,
94
,
96
–100,
109
–18,
158
,
201
–2,
204
,
209
–10,
224
,
250
–60,
267
–87

defeats of,
94
,
96
–100,
111
–16,
158
,
250
–57,
267
–87

descriptions of,
32
–33,
47
,
59
–60,
90
–91,
92
,
97
,
98
,
109
,
116
,
155
,
161
,
171
,
178
–79,
181
,
183
–84,
186
,
221
,
224
,
225
,
281
–82,
317
–18

diet of,
48
,
52

dominance of,
28
–35

elders of,
58

empire of,
23
–24,
61
,
110
–11,
202

encampments of,
79
–82

epidemics suffered by,
6
,
54
,
89
,
91
,
92
,
103
,
112
–13,
116
,
126
,
164

ethnography of,
6
,
41
–42,
45
,
49
,
104
,
162
,
205
,
314
,
328
n

extermination of,
1
–2,
73
–77,
273
,
274
–87,
319

families of,
21
–22,
37
,
51
,
104
,
105
–7,
151
–53,
168
–69,
194
–99,
205
–6,
216
–17,
256
–57,
280
,
281
,
284
,
302
–3

federal policy on,
82
–88,
159
–65,
208
–9,
218
,
220
,
221
,
224
–34,
240
–41,
255
,
256
–57,
309

fertility rates of,
37
,
104

French contact with,
60
,
63
,
68
,
69
,
159

gambling by,
34
–35,
48

games played by,
52

genetic makeup of,
104

government-sanctioned violence against,
73
–77

headdresses of,
57
,
259
,
319

headmen of,
49
,
50
–52,
84
–88,
91
–92,
107
–8,
113
–16,
142
,
229

historical evaluation of,
23
–35,
99
–100,
102
,
110
–11,
162
,
208
–9,
337
n
,
339
n

horse culture of,
6
,
9
–10,
26
–35,
37
,
48
,
51
,
55
,
56
,
62
,
72
,
78
,
80
–81,
91
,
96
–99,
105
–6,
110
–11,
114
,
115
,
122
,
132
–34,
137
,
140
,
141
,
142
,
148
,
162
,
177
,
197
,
198
,
205
–6,
215
,
255
,
256
,
258
,
262
,
282

horses stampeded by,
10
,
243
–44,
256
,
276
,
279

horses stolen by,
9
–10,
19
,
33
,
61
,
66
,
94
–95,
96
,
99
–100,
119
–20,
142
,
143
,
152
–53,
154
,
155
,
171
,
231
,
241

hunting grounds of,
6
,
25
–26,
44
,
58
,
59
,
71
,
85
,
91
,
93
,
111
,
112
,
114
,
194
–95,
197
–98,
230
,
232
–33,
275
,
284
,
297

Koh-mats (Komantcia) as name for,
35

lances used by,
17
,
31
,
66
,
132
,
133
,
147
,
156
,
160
,
168
,
177
,
204

language of,
24
,
27
,
34
,
42
,
48
–49,
84
,
92
,
93
,
103
,
106
,
117
,
178
,
184
,
187
–89,
191
,
258
,
264

leadership of,
7
–11,
12
,
13
,
21
,
42
–43,
49
,
50
–52,
84
–88,
91
–92,
107
–8,
113
–16,
142
,
229
;
see also specific headmen and chiefs

lodges of,
7
,
88
,
100
–101,
108
,
111
,
167
,
193
,
216
–17,
219
,
225
,
242
,
245
,
255
,
276
,
281

looting by,
66
–67,
95
–96,
99
,
136
–37

“loved captives” of,
102
–7

marriage of,
1
–2,
41
,
51
,
109
–11,
117
,
151
–53,
205
–6

massacres of,
82
–88,
91
,
92
,
100
–101,
111
–12,
120
,
164
–81,
219
–21,
223
,
224
,
238
,
255

medicine of,
47
,
92
,
94
,
112
,
143
,
168
,
199
,
203
,
224
,
233
,
264
–72,
281
,
286

Mexican conflicts with,
19
,
24
,
82
,
83
,
91
,
104
,
108
,
110
,
114
,
115
,
122
,
131
–32,
159
,
160
,
162
,
201
–2,
204
,
224
,
241
,
263

middle tribes of,
37
–38,
114
–18,
229
–30

migrations of,
56
–57,
109
–12,
115
,
116
–17,
196
–97

mounted attacks by,
96
–99,
132
–34,
141
,
142
,
148
,
162

muskets and rifles used by,
33
,
133
,
160
,
168
,
204
,
217
,
223
,
232
–33,
245
,
269

national confederation of,
59
–60,
114
–16,
131
–32,
208
–9,
265

navigational prowess of,
58
–59,
78

Nermernuh (People) as name of,
27
,
28
,
35
,
48
,
92
,
96
,
113
,
131
,
152
,
209
,
213
,
215
–16,
256
,
258
,
259
,
263

as nomads,
5
–6,
21
,
24
–25,
27
,
35
,
46
,
56
–57,
78
,
105
–17,
152
,
164
,
195
–97,
198
,
233
,
259
–60,
318

northern tribes of,
65
,
93
,
164
,
279

Comanches (
cont
.)

Padouca as name for,
25
,
323
n

paraibos
of,
91
–92,
107
,
266
,
318

peace negotiations with,
82
–88,
218
,
220
,
221
,
222
–34,
240
–41,
255
,
257
,
309

personal names of,
47
,
84
,
117
,
264

photographs of,
92
,
199
,
300

physical appearance of,
27
,
48
–49,
57
,
83
,
89
–91,
92

polygamy of,
41
,
300
–302

population of,
37
,
60
,
104
,
204
,
251
,
258
–60,
274
,
339
n

powwows (councils) of,
42
,
203
,
229
,
266
–67,
293

press accounts of,
90
–91,
109
,
116
,
155
,
161
,
171
,
178
–79,
181
,
183
–84,
186
,
221
,
224
,
225
,
317
–18

“primitive” state of,
5
,
27
–28,
62
,
78
,
102
–7,
113
,
181
–82,
289
–90,
319

as prisoners,
57
,
86
–88,
101
,
177
,
254
–57

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